RESUMEN
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) hold great potential in the search for therapies to treat refractory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), due to their potential regenerative ability and extensive source. However, the role of hUCMSCs in vivo and the repair mechanisms for RA remain to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to determine whether hUCMSCs exert immunomodulatory effects and have antiinflammatory capabilities in the treatment of embolisms. Following the transplantation of hUCMSCs into collagen type â ¡induced arthritic (CIA) model rats, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo was performed, and the levels of interleukin (IL)1, IL17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue factor (TF), CD4+CD25+ T cells (Treg) and antithrombin (AT) were measured. Bromodeoxyuridine staining was performed for histopathological examinations. As revealed by immunofluorescence and MRI experiments, the injected hUCMSCs preferentially migrated to the inflammatory joint sites of the rats. The Treg cell percentage and AT levels in the hUCMSCtreated group were markedly increased, whereas the levels of IL1, IL17, TNFα, VEGF and TF were decreased compared with those in the CIA model group. The values determined for these parameters in the hUCMSCtreated group returned to approximately the identical values as those of the control group on day 35 posttherapy. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) may serve as an effective, noninvasive method for tracking transplanted cells in vivo. The present study provided direct evidence that hUCMSCs in the CIA rat model migrated to the inflammatory joint sites, effectively promoting recovery from collagen type II damage and thereby improving the immuneassociated prothrombotic state.