Retroreflective optical ISAC using OFDM: channel modeling and performance analysis.

In this Letter, we propose and investigate a retroreflective optical integrated sensing and communication (RO-ISAC) system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and corner cube reflector (CCR). To accurately model the reflected sensing channel of the RO-ISAC system, both a point source model and an area source model are proposed according to the two main types of light sources that are widely used. Detailed theoretical and experimental results are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed channel models and evaluate the communication and sensing performance of the considered RO-ISAC system.

Enhanced FRER Mechanism in Time-Sensitive Networking for Reliable Edge Computing.

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and edge computing are promising networking technologies for the future of the Industrial Internet. TSN provides a reliable and deterministic low-latency communication service for edge computing. The Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability (FRER) mechanism is important for improving the network reliability of TSN. It achieves high reliability by transmitting identical frames in parallel on two disjoint paths, while eliminating duplicated frames at the destination node. However, there are two problems with the FRER mechanism. One problem is that it does not consider the path reliability, and the other one is that it is difficult to find two completely disjoint path pairs in some cases. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a method to find edge-disjoint path pairs considering path reliability for FRER in TSN. The method includes two parts: one is building a reliability model for paths, and the other one is computing a working path and a redundant path with the Edge-Disjoint Path Pairs Selection (EDPPS) algorithm. Theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed method effectively improves path reliability while reducing the delay jitter of frames. Compared with the traditional FRER mechanism, the proposed method reduces delay jitter by 15.6% when the network load is 0.9.

Estradiol Upregulates the Expression of the TGF-ß Receptors ALK5 and BMPR2 during the Gonadal Development of Schizothorax prenanti.

TGF-ß receptors play important roles in mediating TGF-ß signals during gonadal development. To identify the functions of TGF-ß receptors, including the type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5) and type II receptor (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, BMPR2), during the gonadal development of S. prenanti, the full-length cDNA sequences of ALK5 and BMPR2 were isolated and characterized. Their expression patterns in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous estradiol (E2) -fed fish were analyzed. The cDNAs of ALK5 and BMPR2 were 1925 bp and 3704 bp in length and encoded 501 and 1070 amino acid residues, respectively. ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly expressed in gonads, particularly in cortical alveoli stage ovaries and mid-spermatogenic stage testes; however, the overall level of BMPR2 mRNA was higher than that of ALK5 during gonadal development. Furthermore, immunohistochemical signals of ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly detected at chromatin nucleolar oocytes and perinuclear oocytes in ovaries and at spermatocytes and spermatogonia in testes. Exogenous E2 induces the gonadal expression of ALK5 and BMPR2, and BMPR2 is more responsive to E2 than ALK5. These results suggest that ALK5 and BMPR2 might play a potentially vital role in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.

Expression patterns and oestradiol regulation of growth differentiation factor 9 in Schizothorax prenanti.

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) plays pivotal roles in regulating follicular development in many mammalian species. In the present study, the full-length Schizothorax prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence was isolated and characterized, and its expression pattern in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous oestradiol (E2)-fed fish were analysed. The S. prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence consisted of 1958 base pairs (bp), encoded a 413 amino acid, and showed high sequence similarity with Carassius gibelio and Cyprinus carpio. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that gdf9 was mainly expressed in the gonads, with particularly high expression in the cortical alveoli stage ovary and late-spermatogenic stage testis. Immunohistochemical signals for Gdf9 were mainly detected in chromatin nucleolar oocytes, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Furthermore, the gonadal expression of gdf9 induced by exogenous E2 was related to the feeding time and dose. Taken together, these findings were helpful to gain a better understanding of the role of Gdf9 in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.

Expression and regulation of Smad2 by gonadotropins in the protogynous hermaphroditic ricefield eel (Monopterus albus).

Smad2, a receptor-activated Smad, plays a critical role in regulating gametogenesis. In this study, a smad2 homologue was identified and sequenced from ricefield eel ovary cDNA, and its mRNA and protein expression levels were analysed during oocyte development. The cDNA sequence of ricefield eel smad2 consisted of 1863 bp encoding a 467-amino acid protein that had high sequence homology with Smad proteins in other teleosts, especially in Poeciliopsis prolifica. The results of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that smad2 is expressed in the ovary during gonad development, increased continuously until the early vitellogenic stage in the ovaries, and then decreased with ovary maturation. Smad2 protein immunoreactivity was localized in the cytoplasm of follicular cells, oogonia, and primary growth stage oocytes. In vitro experiments revealed that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) promoted smad2 expression in ovary tissue in a time- and dose-dependent manner, respectively. In summary, Smad2 plays a potentially vital role in ricefield eel ovary development.

Characterization and expression profiles of cyp19a1a in the schizothoracine fish Schizothorax prenanti.

Aromatase plays a central role in ovarian differentiation and development in teleosts. In the present study, we identified a cyp19a1a homologue from the ovary of Schizothorax prenanti and analysed its expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Cyp19a1a of S. prenanti showed high homology with that of other teleosts, especially S. kozlovi. The ovary and testis were the main sites of cyp19a1a expression in S. prenanti, and cyp19a1a transcript levels peaked in the mid-vitellogenic (MVG)-stage ovary and the mid-spermatogenic (MS)-stage testis. Signals of Cyp19a1a immunopositivity were detected in the spermatocytes and follicular cells of cortical alveolar-stage and MVG oocytes but not in spermatogonia or spermatids. Taken together, these findings indicate that Cyp19a1a may play an important role in oocyte vitellogenesis as well as spermatocyte development in S. prenanti.

[Retrospective analysis and discussion on 74 cases of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injection].

As a modern dosage form drug with rapid effect, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection has been more and more used in clinical practice. Meanwhile the safety of TCM injection has attracted more and more attention. The retrospective analysis on 74 cases of adverse reaction of TCM injections collected from 2007 to 2016 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine showed that the proportion of men and women with adverse reactions was 0.54:1; the average age was 62.5 years old; 21 kinds of TCM injections were involved. Among them, the most reported were blood-regulating agents. The top four kinds of TCM injections with highest adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were Tanreqing injection, Danhong Injection, Shuxuening Injection and Xuesaitong for injection. The top three clinical manifestations of adverse reactions were lesions of skin and its appendages, damage of circulatory system and damage of nervous system. The potential causes of the adverse reactions of TCM injections were analyzed, and it was believed that individual difference, medicine, pharmaceutical excipients, solvent and TCM syndrome differentiation may be the main five causes for the adverse reactions of TCM injections. In order to reduce the adverse reactions of TCM injections, it is suggested that the clinical pharmacists should participate in the application management of TCM injections in the hospital; the production enterprises shall strengthen the whole life cycle management of the drugs; and at the same time, the drug control and administration authorities should improve the drug management methods constantly and encourage the development of TCM injections to the high quality level.

The complete mitochondrial DNA of Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus and comparative mitogenomic analyses of the Gymnocypris species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus was sequenced and compared with others Gymnocypris species. The mitochondrial genome, consisting of 16,680 base pairs (bp), encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding control region, as those found in other Gymnocypris species. These results can provide useful data for further studies on taxonomic status, molecular systematics and stock evaluation.

The complete mitochondrial DNA of Gymnocypris potanini Herzensten and comparative mitogenomic analyses in Gymnocypris species.

In the study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Gymnocypris potanini Herzensten was sequenced and compared with other Gymnocypris species. The mitochondrial genome, consisting of 16,749 base pairs (bp), encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a noncoding control region, similar as that found in other Gymnocypris species. These results can provide useful information for further studies on taxonomic status, molecular systematics, and stock evaluation.