RESUMEN
The mouse cochlea emerges from the ventral pole of the otocyst to form a one and three-quarter coil. Little is known about the factors that control the growth of the cochlea. Jackson circler (jc) is a recessive mutation causing deafness resulting from a growth arrest of the cochlea duct at day 13.5 of embryonic development. Here, we identify the vertebrate homolog of the Drosophila Sobp (sine oculis-binding protein) gene (named Jxc1) in the jc locus. Jxc1 encodes a nuclear protein that has two FCS-type zinc finger domains (PS51024) and bears nuclear localization signals and highly conserved sequence motifs. Transiently expressed wild-type protein is targeted to the nucleus, but mutant isoforms were mislocalized in the cytoplasm. In jc mutants, the cellular patterning of the organ of Corti is severely disrupted, exhibiting supernumerary hair cells at the apex, showing mirror-image duplications of tunnel of Corti and inner hair cells, and expressing ectopic vestibular-like hair cells within Kölliker's organ. Jxc1 mRNA was detected in inner ear sensory hair cells, supporting cells, and the acoustic ganglia. Expression was also found in the developing retina, olfactory epithelium, trigeminal ganglion, and hair follicles. Collectively, our data support a role for Jxc1 in controlling a critical step in cochlear growth, cell fate, and patterning of the organ of Corti.
Asunto(s)
Tipificación del Cuerpo/genética , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Cóclea/embriología , Metaloproteínas/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Órgano Espiral/embriología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Linaje de la Célula/genética , Cóclea/citología , Cóclea/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/química , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/química , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/genética , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/citología , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/metabolismo , Metaloproteínas/genética , Metaloproteínas/aislamiento & purificación , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Mutantes Neurológicos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación/genética , Neuronas/citología , Señales de Localización Nuclear/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/aislamiento & purificación , Órgano Espiral/citología , Órgano Espiral/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ganglio Espiral de la Cóclea/citología , Ganglio Espiral de la Cóclea/embriología , Ganglio Espiral de la Cóclea/metabolismoRESUMEN
Specific phenotypic traits of the blood-feeder nematode Haemonchus contortus were characterized on Pelibuey native, cross-breed sheep in a tropical region of Mexico with background of anthelmintic problems. Data were collected on 4-month-old lambs (n= 63) and analyzed weekly in three stages: stage 1 (S1, not infected (0-3 weeks)); S2, first infection with 350 H. contortus infective larvae (L(3)) per kg of body weight by oral route (3-10 weeks); and S3, second infection with 175 H. contortus L(3) per kg of body weight by oral route (10-18 weeks). Once infection took place, sheep grazed in a free-nematode experimental paddock, and hemoncosis-related traits, such as the number of eggs per gram of feces (epg), packed cell volume (%pvc), and eosinophils (%eo), were measured each week. Results were analyzed on specific traits and stages using SAS statistics. Statistical differences of the main phenotypic traits (P < 0.05) were observed throughout S2 on Pelibuey high (hr) and low (lr) responders, respectively: epg mean, 475 +/- 340.5 and 1439 +/- 243.6; %pvc mean, 31 +/- 0.3 and 27 +/- 0.2; and %eo mean, 2.5 +/- 0.3 and 1.99 +/- 0.2. In addition, lr and hr sheep grazed for 3 months on an area infected with Haemonchus, Cooperia, and Strongyloides, and the hr sheep showed a low number of epg after being exposed to multiple infections, so that no further treatment was required. These results showed that the selection of animals resistant to nematodes can be an alternative method of control against anthelmintic resistance problems in order to improve animal health and avoid a negative environmental impact.
Asunto(s)
Haemonchus/patogenicidad , Ovinos/parasitología , Animales , FenotipoRESUMEN
Contiene: Objeto de la economía - La gran ecuación - El problema demográfico - La ley de rendimientos decrecientes - Sujetos de una economía de mercado - La estructura teórica de una economía de mercado - Sistema de motivaciones o incentivos de una economía de mercado - La alternativa de una economía centralmente dirigida - Ventajas de una economía mixta - Problemas actuales de una economía de mercado - Hacia una sociedad post-industrial.
Asunto(s)
EconomíaRESUMEN
Contiene: El crecimiento economico en las escuelas mercantilista y fisiocratica - Enfoque evolutivo del proceso de crecimiento economico - La economia del desarrollo en la obra de Schumpeter - Los terminos del intercambio - El papel de los convenios internacionales sobre productos - La economia espacial - El problema demografico - El papel de la planificacion en el desarrollo - Posibilidades del desarrollo en Latinoamerica.
Asunto(s)
Economía , IndustriasRESUMEN
Contenido:1.Esquemas ideales, tendencias y efectos 2.Sistemas economicos con vigencia real 3.La distribucion de la renta en el escenario internaciona: el problema del subdesarrollo.