A Comprehensive Review of Deep-Learning-Based Methods for Image Forensics.

Seeing is not believing anymore. Different techniques have brought to our fingertips the ability to modify an image. As the difficulty of using such techniques decreases, lowering the necessity of specialized knowledge has been the focus for companies who create and sell these tools. Furthermore, image forgeries are presently so realistic that it becomes difficult for the naked eye to differentiate between fake and real media. This can bring different problems, from misleading public opinion to the usage of doctored proof in court. For these reasons, it is important to have tools that can help us discern the truth. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of the image forensics techniques with a special focus on deep-learning-based methods. In this review, we cover a broad range of image forensics problems including the detection of routine image manipulations, detection of intentional image falsifications, camera identification, classification of computer graphics images and detection of emerging Deepfake images. With this review it can be observed that even if image forgeries are becoming easy to create, there are several options to detect each kind of them. A review of different image databases and an overview of anti-forensic methods are also presented. Finally, we suggest some future working directions that the research community could consider to tackle in a more effective way the spread of doctored images.

Melanocytic Matricoma With Consumption of the Epidermis: An Atypical Histologic Attribute or a Malignant Variant?

Melanocytic matricoma is a recently described cutaneous adnexal tumor composed of matrical and supramatrical cells admixed with pigmented dendritic melanocytes, thought to recapitulate the anagen bulb of the hair follicle. We report a case of a 75-year-old white man, which demonstrates consumption of the epidermis that is defined as thinning of the epidermis with attenuation of the basal and suprabasal layers and loss of the normal rete architecture in areas of direct contact with neoplastic cells. It has been associated with aggressive histologic features in melanoma and likely represents an early phase of ulceration due to attenuation. Epidermal consumption has not been previously reported in nonmelanocytic tumors and it is uncertain whether this atypical histologic feature represents a sign of malignant behavior in this rare tumor.

Injection therapy for the management of superficial subcutaneous lipomas.

Superficial subcutaneous lipomas are common benign tumors of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Removal of superficial subcutaneous lipomas is achieved with simple surgical excision for the purposes of improved cosmesis, removing painful lipomas, or for the removal of a lipoma affecting function through mass effect. As research in localized fat reduction has improved, therapies successful in this domain have been applied to the management of lipomas as a surgical alternative. In this review article, the authors review the basic science of injection therapies used in the management of lipomas as well as their potential efficacy and limitations.

Inflammatory nodules following soft tissue filler use: a review of causative agents, pathology and treatment options.

Nodule development is a common complication following the use of fillers for soft tissue augmentation and is commonly categorized as inflammatory or non-inflammatory in nature. Inflammatory nodules may appear anywhere from days to years after treatment, whereas non-inflammatory nodules are typically seen immediately following implantation and are usually secondary to improper placement of the filler. Although inflammatory nodules are more common with permanent fillers such as silicone, inflammatory nodule development following administration of temporary fillers such as hyaluronic acid and collagen has also been reported. Treated many times with corticosteroids due to their anti-inflammatory properties, inflammatory nodules may be secondary to infection or biofilm formation, warranting the use of alternative agents. Appropriate and prompt diagnosis is important in avoiding delay of treatment or long-term complications for the patient. This paper addresses the etiology, development, and studied treatment options available for inflammatory nodules secondary to each of the major classes of fillers. With this knowledge, practitioners may expeditiously recognize and manage this common side effect and thus maximize functional and aesthetic benefit.

Chronic rhinitis: a manifestation of leprosy.

Leprosy, or Hansen disease, is an infection that affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and may manifest with nasal symptoms of chronic rhinitis, including nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and intermittent epistaxis. We present a case of a woman diagnosed with leprosy as an incidental finding from a biopsy obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery for the management of chronic rhinitis. The diagnosis of leprosy should be considered in patients with nasal symptoms and presumptive chronic rhinitis who do not respond adequately to standard therapies.

Fatal cutaneous Strongyloidiasis as a side effect of Pemphigus foliaceus treatment with mycophenolate mofetil.

Strongyloidiasis is caused by the roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis). It is uncommon in the Unites States, and most cases are brought by travelers who have visited or lived in South America or Africa. Individuals with an intact immune system may experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms or none at all. In contrast, those with a compromised immune system may develop a rapidly fatal infection, commonly referred to as hyperinfection syndrome or disseminated Strongyloidiasis. We present a 66-year-old inmunocompromised male with Pemphigus Foliaceus who was admitted to the intensive care unit in critical condition and in whom a skin biopsy prove to be the main tool in the diagnosis of Strongyloidiasis.

Síndrome de Doege Potter y derrame pericárdico, como manifestaciones iniciales de neoplasia pulmonar / Doege-Potter syndrome and pericardic effusion as lung carcinoma early manifestations

Comunicamos el caso de un paciente de 52 años que ingresa a nuestro hospital por presentar derrame pericárdico masivo y manifestaciones de hipoglicemia de manera repetitiva, sin antecedentes de tabaquismo, diabetes mellitus, ni consumo de fármacos. Fue sometido a pericardiocentesis, obteniéndose 1 430 mL de líquido de aspecto serosanguinolento, el mismo que se remitió para estudio, demostrándose un exudado polimorfonuclear, adenosina deaminasa (ADA) positivo y presencia de células compatibles con adenocarcinoma metastático. Se observó en la radiografía de tórax y tomografía axial computarizada pulmonar la presencia de una masa en la región parahiliar izquierda compatible con una neoplasia maligna, con derrame pleural y pericárdico. Se trató de una presentación poco frecuente de neoplasia maligna pulmonar, con metástasis pericárdica, derrame pleural izquierdo y un síndrome paraneoplásico endocrino, caracterizado por hipoglicemia a repetición, como manifestación inicial.

A 52 year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of large pericardial effusion and symptoms of recurrent hypoglycaemia. He had no history of smoking or diabetes mellitus and was taking no medication. Diagnostic pericardiocentesis was performed and 1430 mL of bloody-stained fluid was obtained. The exudate showed neutrophils positive to adenosin deaminase (ADA) test. Chest X-ray and computed tomography showed a left lung hilar mass resembling a lung neoplasm, with pleural and pericardial effusion. It was a lung cancer of unusual presentation, with pleural and pericardial metastasis and a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by recurrent hypoglycaemia as initial manifestation.

Obtención y conservación del jugo de naranja. Citrus ssp.

El estudio tuvo por finalidad elaborar y conocer los resultados de conservación del jugo de naranja con diferentes tratamientos (conservantes) que se realizó, como también el mejoramiento de la economía de los agricultores que se dedican a la producción del cultivo de cítricos en nuestro pais, elaborando proyectos de factibilidad y al mismo tiempo hacer que la ciudadanía tenga todo el año a disposición la valiosa vitamina C mediante el jugo de naranja. Los resultados mostraron que no existieron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos y repeticiones (tres tratamientos y tres repeticiones con el diseño fctorial, completamente al azar utilizando las combinaciones posibles entre la acidez y los conservantes), estos resultados fueron obtenidos en la degustación que se realizó después de 25 días de conservación del jugo de naranja. La degustación se realizó en una puntuación de 1 - 5 según el grado de aceptación del producto (1 Malo, 2 Regular, 3 Bueno, 4 Muy bueno y 5 Excelente)