Deficiencies in reporting inclusion/exclusion criteria and characteristics of patients in randomized controlled trials of therapeutic interventions in pressure injuries: a systematic methodological review.

Wound care is a complex procedure and the related research may include many variables. Deficiencies in the sample inclusion and exclusion criteria may limit the generalizability of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for wound patients in the real world. This study aimed to evaluate deficiencies in reporting the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the characteristics of patients in RCTs of pressure injuries (PI) therapeutic interventions. We conducted a systematic methodological review in which 40 full text RCTs of PI treatment interventions published in English, from 2008 to 2020, were identified. Data on the general characteristics of the included RCTs and data about inclusion/exclusion criteria and characteristics of patients were collected. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were categorized into five domains (definition of disease, precision, safety, ethical/legal and administrative). Study duration (in weeks) was 8.0 (quartile 1: 2.0; quartile 3: 48.0); only 5.0% of the trials mentioned race, skin colour or ethnicity, and 37.5% reported the duration of the wound. Only 9 (22.5%) studies reported the drugs that the included patients were using and 10 (25.0%) RCTs reported adverse events. The presence of the five domains was observed only in 12.5% of RCTs and only 12 (30.0%) had the precision domain. Much more research is required in systematic assessments of the external validity of trials because there is substantial disparity between the information that is provided by RCTs and the information that is required by clinicians. We concluded that there are deficiencies in reporting of data related to inclusion/exclusion criteria and characteristics of patients of RCTs assessing PI therapeutic interventions.

Incidence of Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injuries and Associated Factors After Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, characteristics, and factors associated with medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS: The sample comprised 136 children in the postoperative period after congenital heart surgery. The study setting was in a 31-bed pediatric surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Patients were followed from admission, with daily skin assessments, until the onset of MARSI or ICU discharge. Outcomes were compared by Fisher's exact test, Pearson's χ2 test, Mann-Whitney test, Brunner-Munzel test, and Welch 2-sample t test. RESULTS: The incidence of MARSI was 60.3%, with 85 injuries in 82 patients. The highest occurrence was on postoperative day 2 (27 wounds; 31.8%). The most frequent medical adhesive associated with MARSI was transparent film dressing (n = 74; 86.6%). Factors associated with MARSI were age (P = .000), number of devices inserted (P = .000), Braden Q Scale score (P = .005), duration of surgery (P = .021), cardiopulmonary bypass duration (P = .000), duration of mechanical ventilation (P = .000), and length of ICU stay (P = .000). Children who developed MARSI received more blood components (P = .039), vasopressors (P = .000), and corticosteroids (P = 0.000); required longer sedation (P = .000); and had more edema (P = .001). CONCLUSION: This high incidence indicates the need for greater awareness and prompt action in response to MARSI. Polyurethane transparent film without concurrent use of a skin barrier product should be avoided.

Incidence of pressure injuries and risk factors in a paediatric surgical intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of, and risk factors for, the occurrence of pressure injuries (PIs) in a paediatric surgical intensive care unit (ICU). METHOD: This is a prospective cohort study of 153 children in the postoperative period. Patients were assessed daily by physical examination and data were collected. All independent variables were included in a logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 2 years, and the incidence of PI was 15.7%. According to the Braden Q Scale, 58.2% of patients were at high risk of developing PI; 79.3% of PIs were related to immobility and 69.0% were at stage 1. Risk factors were ICU length of stay and the number of medical devices used. CONCLUSION: The incidence of PI was high because patients were mostly at a considerable risk of developing a PI. PI was associated with several factors, especially length of ICU stay and number of devices, both of which are indirect indicators of the severity of patient condition and healthcare costs.

Prevalence and associated factors of medical adhesive-related skin injury in cardiac critical care units.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the point prevalence of medical adhesive-related skin injury in patients hospitalized in cardiac Intensive Care Units and demographic and clinical factors associated to their occurrence. METHOD: Cross-sectional study conducted in Intensive Care Units of two public hospitals, reference centers for cardiology, located in São Paulo city, with 123 patients. Demographic and clinical data from patients' medical records were collected and lesions were identified through skin inspection. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate analysis (Classification and Regression Tree). RESULTS: Medical adhesive-related skin injury was presented by 28 patients, which amounts to a 22.7% prevalence. Its main causative agent was transparent polyurethane film (46.9%) and the cervical region was the most affected area (25.1%). From the multivariate analysis, the associated factors were found to be the presence of serum urea higher than or equal to 48.5 mg/dL and platelets lower than 193,500 mm3 or platelets higher than or equal to 193,500 mm3 and systolic blood pressure higher than or equal to 122 mmHg. CONCLUSION: This study has contributed to knowledge related to the epidemiology of this type of injury, favoring preventive care planning.

Prevalence and associated factors of medical adhesive-related skin injury in cardiac critical care units / Prevalencia de lesiones de la piel relacionadas con adhesivos médicos y factores asociados en unidades críticas cardiológicas / Prevalência de lesão de pele relacionada a adesivos médicos e fatores associados em unidades críticas cardiológicas

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze the point prevalence of medical adhesive-related skin injury in patients hospitalized in cardiac Intensive Care Units and demographic and clinical factors associated to their occurrence. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted in Intensive Care Units of two public hospitals, reference centers for cardiology, located in São Paulo city, with 123 patients. Demographic and clinical data from patients' medical records were collected and lesions were identified through skin inspection. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate analysis (Classification and Regression Tree). Results: Medical adhesive-related skin injury was presented by 28 patients, which amounts to a 22.7% prevalence. Its main causative agent was transparent polyurethane film (46.9%) and the cervical region was the most affected area (25.1%). From the multivariate analysis, the associated factors were found to be the presence of serum urea higher than or equal to 48.5 mg/dL and platelets lower than 193,500 mm3 or platelets higher than or equal to 193,500 mm3 and systolic blood pressure higher than or equal to 122 mmHg. Conclusion: This study has contributed to knowledge related to the epidemiology of this type of injury, favoring preventive care planning.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y analizar la prevalencia puntual de las lesiones de la piel relacionadas con adhesivos médicos en pacientes ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos cardiológicos y los factores demográficos y clínicos asociados a su aparición. Método: Estudio transversal realizado en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de dos hospitales públicos, de referencia en cardiología, ubicados en la ciudad de São Paulo, con 123 pacientes. Los datos demográficos y clínicos se recogieron de las historias clínicas de los pacientes y las lesiones se identificaron mediante la inspección de la piel. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas y análisis bivariado y multivariado (Classification and Regression Tree). Resultados: Hubo 28 pacientes con lesiones de la piel relacionadas con adhesivos médicos, con una prevalencia del 22,7%. El principal agente causante fue la película de poliuretano transparente (46,9%) y la región más afectada fue la cervical (25,1%). Mediante un análisis multivariado, los factores asociados fueron la presencia de urea sérica mayor o igual a 48,5 mg/dL y plaquetas menores de 193.500 mm3 o plaquetas mayores o iguales a 193.500 mm3 y presión arterial sistólica mayor o igual a 122 mmHg. Conclusión: El estudio contribuyó al conocimiento relacionado con la epidemiología de este tipo de lesión, favoreciendo la planificación de la atención preventiva.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar a prevalência pontual de lesão de pele relacionada a adesivos médicos em pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva cardiológicas e os fatores demográficos e clínicos associados à sua ocorrência. Método: Estudo transversal conduzido nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de dois hospitais públicos, referência em cardiologia, localizados no município de São Paulo, com 123 pacientes. Foram coletados dados demográficos e clínicos dos prontuários dos pacientes e as lesões foram identificadas por meio de inspeção da pele. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e análises bivariada e multivariada (Classification and Regression Tree). Resultados: Apresentaram lesão de pele relacionada a adesivos médicos 28 pacientes, perfazendo prevalência de 22,7%. O principal agente causador foi o filme de poliuretano transparente (46,9%) e a região mais acometida foi a cervical (25,1%). Pela análise multivariada, os fatores associados foram presença de ureia sérica maior ou igual a 48,5 mg/dL e plaquetas menores que 193.500 mm3 ou plaquetas maiores ou iguais a 193.500 mm3 e pressão arterial sistólica maior ou igual a 122 mmHg. Conclusão: O estudo contribuiu para os conhecimentos relacionados à epidemiologia desse tipo de lesão, favorecendo o planejamento de cuidados preventivos.

Incidence of Skin Tears and Risk Factors: A Systematic Literature Review.

Skin tears are traumatic wounds resulting from friction and shearing forces. Clinical practice strongly indicates that skin tears are a prevalent problem but their incidence is not well established in the literature. This systematic literature review identified and evaluated the available literature on the incidence and risk factors for skin tears in adults and the elderly. Inclusion criteria were epidemiological studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese languages from January 1990 through June 2014 and available in full text. Study quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and the Guidelines for Critically Appraising Studies of Prevalence or Incidence of a Health Problem. Five studies reporting incidence of skin tears met the selection criteria. Reported incidence rates of skin tears ranged from 2.23% to 92% in long-term care facilities and varied from 2.1% among men to 4.6% among women living in the community. The most prevalent risk factor for skin tears was old age, followed by impaired mobility, falls and accidental injuries, previous skin tears, cognitive deficit/dementia, dependence in transfers, and upper limbs. Further epidemiological studies on skin tears are necessary to elucidate the cause of these injuries and identify the profile of people at risk for skin tears, contributing to the development and implementation of appropriate preventive interventions.

[Skin tear prevalence and associated factors: a systematic review]. / Prevalência de lesão por fricção e fatores associados: revisão sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyse skin tear prevalence and factors associated with its occurrence. METHOD: Systematic review of literature of studies published until June 2014 including studies published in full in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The studies were analysed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and the Guidelines for Critically Appraising Studies of Prevalence or Incidence of a Health Problem. RESULTS: The analysis of eight studies showed skin tear prevalence of 3.3% to 22% in the hospital setting and 5.5% to 19.5% in homecare. Advanced age, dependence on basic activities of daily life, frail elderly, level of mobility, agitated behavior, non-responsiveness, greater risk for concurrent development of pressure ulcers, cognitive impairment, spasticity and photoaging were cited as risk factors. CONCLUSION: Skin tear prevalence ranged from 3.3% to 22% and is mainly associated with advanced age and dependence on basic activities of daily life.

Skin tear prevalence and associated factors: a systematic review / Prevalencia de lesión por fricción y factores asociados: revisión sistemática / Prevalência de lesão por fricção e fatores associados: revisão sistemática

OBJECTIVETo identify and analyse skin tear prevalence and factors associated with its occurrence.METHODSystematic review of literature of studies published until June 2014 including studies published in full in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The studies were analysed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and the Guidelines for Critically Appraising Studies of Prevalence or Incidence of a Health Problem.RESULTSThe analysis of eight studies showed skin tear prevalence of 3.3% to 22% in the hospital setting and 5.5% to 19.5% in homecare. Advanced age, dependence on basic activities of daily life, frail elderly, level of mobility, agitated behavior, non-responsiveness, greater risk for concurrent development of pressure ulcers, cognitive impairment, spasticity and photoaging were cited as risk factors.CONCLUSIONSkin tear prevalence ranged from 3.3% to 22% and is mainly associated with advanced age and dependence on basic activities of daily life.

OBJETIVOIdentificar y analizar la prevalencia de lesión por fricción y los factores asociados con su ocurrencia.MÉTODORevisión sistemática de la literatura publicada hasta junio de 2014 con la inclusión de estudios publicados integralmente en inglés, español o portugués. Los estudios fueron analizados según el Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology y el Guidelines for Critically Appraising Studies of Prevalence or Incidence of a Health Problem.RESULTADOSLos análisis de ocho estudios mostraron prevalencia de lesión del 3,3% al 22% en el escenario hospitalario y del 5,5% al 19,5% en el domiciliario. Edad avanzada, dependencia para las actividades básicas de vida diarias, anciano frágil, nivel de movilidad, comportamiento agitado, falta de responsividad, mayor riesgo para el desarrollo concomitante de úlcera por presión, afectación cognitiva, espasticidad y fotoenvejecimiento fueron los factores de riesgo citados.CONCLUSIÓNLa prevalencia de lesión varió del 3,3% al 22%, estando asociada principalmente con la edad avanzada y la dependencia para las actividades básicas de vida diarias.

OBJETIVOIdentificar e analisar a prevalência de lesão por fricção e os fatores associados à sua ocorrência.MÉTODORevisão sistemática da literatura publicada até junho de 2014 com a inclusão de estudos publicados na íntegra em inglês, espanhol ou português. Os estudos foram analisados segundo o Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology e o Guidelines for Critically Appraising Studies of Prevalence or Incidence of a Health Problem.RESULTADOSAs análises de oito estudos mostraram prevalência de lesão de 3,3% a 22% no cenário hospitalar e 5,5% a 19,5% no domiciliar. Idade avançada, dependência para as atividades básicas de vida diárias, idoso frágil, nível de mobilidade, comportamento agitado, arresponsividade, maior risco para o desenvolvimento concomitante de úlcera por pressão, comprometimento cognitivo, espasticidade e fotoenvelhecimento foram os fatores de risco citados.CONCLUSÃOA prevalência de lesão variou de 3,3% a 22%, estando associada principalmente à idade avançada e dependência para as atividades básicas de vida diárias.

Incidência de úlceras por pressão em pacientes de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cardiopneumológica / La incidencia de las úlceras por presión en los pacientes de unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiopneumológica / Incidence of pressure ulcers in cardiopulmonary intensive care unit patients

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar e analisar os coeficientes de incidência de úlceras por pressão (UP) e os fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento em pacientes críticos com doenças cardiopneumológicas. Método Estudo de coorte, prospectivo realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) Cardiopneumológica de um hospital de grande porte na cidade de São Paulo, durante os meses de novembro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014. Participaram do estudo 370 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, que não apresentavam UP na admissão e que estavam na UTI há menos de 24 horas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises univariadas e multivariada (Classification And Regression Tree - CART). Resultados Os coeficientes de incidência de UP foram: 11,0% para o total, distribuindo-se em 8,0% entre os homens e 3,0% para as mulheres (p=0,018); 10,0% na raça branca e 6,5% em pessoas com idade igual e superior a 60 anos. Os principais fatores de risco encontrados foram tempo de permanência na UTI igual ou superior a 9,5 dias, idade igual ou superior a 42,5 anos e raça branca. Conclusão O estudo contribui para os conhecimentos relacionados à epidemiologia das UP em pacientes críticos com doenças cardiopneumológicas, favorecendo o planejamento de cuidados preventivos específicos para essa clientela.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar y analizar la incidencia de las úlceras por presión (UP) y los factores de riesgo para su desarrollo en los pacientes críticos con enfermedades cardiopneumológicas. Método Estudio prospectivo de cohorte realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) Cardiopneumológica de un gran hospital en São Paulo, durante los meses de noviembre 2013 hasta febrero de 2014. El estudio incluyó a 370 pacientes mayores de 18 años que no mostraron PU en la admisión a la UCI y que no eran menos de 24 horas. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el análisis univariado y multivariado (regresión y clasificación Tree - CART). Resultados La incidência de UP fue el 11,0% in general; de 8,0% en los hombres y de 3,0% en las mujeres (p=0,018); 10,0% en los caucásicos y 6,5% en personas de 60 años o más. Los principales factores de riesgo fueron la duración de la estancia en la UCI inferior a 9,5 días; edades entre 42,5 años y blancos. Conclusión El estudio contribuye al conocimiento sobre la epidemiología de la UP en pacientes críticamente enfermos con enfermedades cardiopneumológicas ( incidência de 11%), favoreciendo la planificación de la atención preventiva específica para esta clientela.

ABSTRACT Objective Identify and analyze the incidence coefficients of pressure ulcers (PU) and the risk factors for PU development in critical patients with cardiopulmonary diseases. Method A prospective cohort study conducted in the cardiopulmonary intensive care unit (ICU) of a large hospital in the city of São Paulo, from November 2013 to February 2014. In total, 370 patients over 18 years old who did not present PU at admission and who had been in the ICU for less than 24 hours were studied. Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses (Classification And Regression Tree - CART). Results The incidence coefficients of PU were: 11.0% for total participants, 8.0% for male and 3.0% for female patients (p=0.018); 10.0% for white patients and 6.5% for patients 60 years or older. The main risk factors were length of stay in the ICU for 9.5 days or more, age 42.5 years or older, and being of the white race. Conclusion This study was related to the epidemiology of PU in critical patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, facilitating the planning of specific preventive care for these patients.

Incidence of pressure ulcers in cardiopulmonary intensive care unit patients. / Incidência de úlceras por pressão em pacientes de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cardiopneumológica.

Objective Identify and analyze the incidence coefficients of pressure ulcers (PU) and the risk factors for PU development in critical patients with cardiopulmonary diseases. Method A prospective cohort study conducted in the cardiopulmonary intensive care unit (ICU) of a large hospital in the city of São Paulo, from November 2013 to February 2014. In total, 370 patients over 18 years old who did not present PU at admission and who had been in the ICU for less than 24 hours were studied. Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses (Classification And Regression Tree - CART). Results The incidence coefficients of PU were: 11.0% for total participants, 8.0% for male and 3.0% for female patients (p=0.018); 10.0% for white patients and 6.5% for patients 60 years or older. The main risk factors were length of stay in the ICU for 9.5 days or more, age 42.5 years or older, and being of the white race. Conclusion This study was related to the epidemiology of PU in critical patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, facilitating the planning of specific preventive care for these patients.

Incidência de úlcera por pressão e de lesão por fricção em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva cardiopneumológica / Incidence of pressure ulcers and skin tears in patients of intensive care unit cardiopneumologic

Introdução: As lesões de pele representam um grande desafio para os profissionais de saúde que prestam cuidados a pacientes críticos, especialmente os com alterações cardiopneumológicas, pois é frequente ocorrências de úlceras por pressão e de lesões por fricção nessa clientela com aumento de custos no tratamento e do tempo de internação além de desconforto e impacto negativo sobre a qualidade do serviço prestado e de vida dos pacientes. Objetivos: Este estudo objetivou identificar e analisar os coeficientes de incidência de úlceras por pressão e lesões por fricção e os fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento em pacientes de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) Cardiopneumológica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte, prospectivo, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu durante os meses de novembro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014, com censura de uma semana. O estudo foi realizado em uma UTI destinado a pacientes com doenças cardíacas e pulmonares de um hospital de grande porte na cidade de São Paulo, após aprovação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo e da instituição, de acordo com protocolo número 20780713.4.0000.5392, com parecer consubstanciado publicado na Plataforma Brasil em 24/10/2013. Participaram da amostra 370 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, que não apresentavam úlceras por pressão e lesões por fricção na admissão, que aceitaram participar do estudo (assinando o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido) e que estavam na unidade há menos de 24 horas. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas análises univariadas e a Classification And Regression Tree (CART). Resultados: Incidências globais de 10,80%, 7,02% e 2,16%, respectivamente para úlceras por pressão, lesões por fricção e ambas as lesões simultaneamente foram encontradas nos pacientes críticos.Diferentes fatores de risco foram encontrados, conforme o tipo de lesão, sendo o tempo de permanência na UTI igual ou superior a 9,5 dias e idade igual ou superior a 42,5 anos comuns para as úlceras por pressão e lesões simultâneas. Além desses, raça branca; uso de superfícies de suporte e número de artefatos invasivos na admissão; e uso de transfusão sanguínea foram fatores constatados respectivamente para as úlceras por pressão, lesões por fricção e lesões simultâneas Conclusão: Os coeficientes de incidência e os fatores de risco constatados assemelham-se a alguns estudos da literatura, somente para as úlceras por pressão. Para as lesões por fricção e lesões simultâneas, não foram encontrados estudos desenvolvidos junto a pacientes críticos, sendo, no entanto, corroborados alguns dos fatores de risco descritos em grupos e cenários distintos como idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência e pacientes crônicos hospitalizados. O estudo contribui, portanto, para os conhecimentos relacionados à epidemiologia dessas lesões, recomendando-se a replicação de seus métodos, principalmente para as lesões por fricção em pacientes hospitalizados, isoladamente ou em associação com as úlceras por pressão. Por outro lado, ao favorecerem a maior compreensão do panorama dessas lesões em pacientes cardiopneumológicos críticos, os resultados obtidos poderão favorecer o planejamento de cuidados preventivos específicos para essa clientela.

Introduction: Skin lesions represent a major challenge for health professionals who care for critical patients cardiopneumologics. In clinical practice, have been frequent occurrences of pressure ulcers and skin tears, by rubbing with increased costs in treatment, prolonged hospitalization, in addition to discomfort and negative impact on the quality of service and the quality of life of patients.Goal: This study aimed to identify and analyze the rate of incidence of pressure ulcers and skin tears and the risk factors for its development in patients in the Intensive Care Unit(ICU) Cardiopneumologic. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort which data collection occurred during the months of November 2013 to February 2014, with censorship of a week. The study was conducted in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit Cardiopneumologic of a large hospital in the city of São Paulo, after approval of the Ethics Committee (EC) of the School of Nursing, University of São Paulo and the institution in accordance with protocol number 20780713.4.0000.5392 with sound embodied the EC Platform published in Brazil on 10/24/2013. A sample of 370 patients older than 18 years who did not have any injuries mentioned (pressure ulcers and skin tears) on admission, and who agreed to participate (by signing the Instrument of Consent) and who were in the unit for less than 24 hours. For data analysis were used univariate analyzes and the Classification And Regression Tree (CART).Results: overall incidences of 10.80%, 7,02% and 2.16% respectively for pressure ulcers, skin tears and both lesions simultaneously were found in critically ill patients. Different risk factors were found, depending on the type of injury, and length of stay in ICU less than 9,5 days old and less than 42,5 years common for pressure ulcers and concurrent injuries. Besides these, the white race; Use of support surfaces and the number of invasive devices in entry; and use of blood transfusion were observed factors respectively for pressure ulcers, skin tears and simultaneous injuries Conclusion: The incidence and risk factors observed are similar to some studies in the literature, only for pressure ulcers. For skin tears and simultaneous lesions, no studies have not found together developed the critical patients, however, corroborated some of the risk factors described in groups and different scenarios as seniors residents in long-term hospitalized chronic patients and institutions. The study therefore contributes to the knowledge regarding the epidemiology of these types of injuries, recommending that replication of their methods, especially for lesions friction in acute inpatients and critics, alone or in combination with pressure ulcers. On the other hand, by favoring a greater understanding of these lesions panorama critical cardiopneumologics patients, the results will may facilitate the planning of specific preventive care for these clients.

Predictive validity of the Braden scale for pressure ulcer risk in critical care patients.

This methodological study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity of the Braden scale in critical care patients. The study was conducted in four intensive care units of a general private hospital. After approval of the project by the Hospital Ethics Committee, during six months, adult patients admitted to ICUs with a Braden score <18 and without PU were assessed upon admission and at 48-hours intervals as long as the patient remained at risk or until the development of PU, patients' discharge, death or transfer from the ICU. The cut-off scores of the Braden scale in the first, second and third assessments were 12, 13 and 13, respectively. Sensitivity was 85.7%, 71.4% and 71.4% and specificity was 64.6%, 81.5% and 83.1%, respectively. Areas under the ROC curves revealed very good accuracy for the cut-off scores. The Braden cut-off score 13 in the third assessment showed the best predictive performance in critical care patients.

Predictive validity of the Braden scale for pressure ulcer risk in critical care patients / Validade preditiva da escala de Braden para o risco de desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão, em pacientes críticos / Validez predictiva de la escala de Braden para el riesgo de úlceras por presión en pacientes críticos

This methodological study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity of the Braden scale in critical care patients. The study was conducted in four intensive care units of a general private hospital. After approval of the project by the Hospital Ethics Committee, during six months, adult patients admitted to ICUs with a Braden score <18 and without PU were assessed upon admission and at 48-hours intervals as long as the patient remained at risk or until the development of PU, patients' discharge, death or transfer from the ICU. The cut-off scores of the Braden scale in the first, second and third assessments were 12, 13 and 13, respectively. Sensitivity was 85.7 percent, 71.4 percent and 71.4 percent and specificity was 64.6 percent, 81.5 percent and 83.1 percent, respectively. Areas under the ROC curves revealed very good accuracy for the cut-off scores. The Braden cut-off score 13 in the third assessment showed the best predictive performance in critical care patients.

Este estudo metodológico foi desenvolvido em quatro unidades de terapia intensiva de um hospital geral, com o objetivo de avaliar a validade preditiva da escala de Braden em pacientes críticos. Após aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, da instituição, durante seis meses, pacientes adultos com escore total de Braden <18 e sem úlceras por pressão (UP) foram avaliados na admissão e a cada 48 horas, enquanto permaneceram em risco ou até o desenvolvimento de UP, alta, morte ou transferência da UTI. Os escores de Braden 12, 13 e 13, respectivamente na primeira, segunda e terceira avaliação apresentaram sensibilidade de 85,7, 71,4 e 71,4 por cento e especifidade de 64,6, 81,5 e 83,1 por cento. As áreas sob a curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) revelaram acurácia muito boa para os escores de corte obtidos. O escore de corte da escala de Braden igual a 13, na terceira avaliação, apresentou a melhor performance preditiva em pacientes críticos.

Se tuvo por objetivo evaluar la validez predictiva de la Escala de Braden en los pacientes críticos. Se trata de un estudio metodológico, en cuatro unidades de cuidados intensivos de un hospital general. Después de la aprobación del proyecto por el Comité de Ética de la Institución, durante seis meses, los pacientes adultos con puntuación total de Braden <18 y sin úlceras por presión (UP) fueron evaluados en la admisión y a cada 48 horas, mientras permanecieron en riesgo o hasta: el desarrollo de UP, el alta, la muerte o removidos de la UCI. Las puntuaciones de Braden 12, 13 y 13, respectivamente en la primera, segunda y tercera evaluaciones presentaron sensibilidad de 85,7 por ciento, 71,4 por ciento y 71,4 por ciento y especificidad de 64,6 por ciento, 81,5 por ciento y 83,1 por ciento respectivamente. Las área bajo las curvas ROC muestrearon muy buena precisión de las puntuaciones obtenidas. Se concluye que la puntuación de Braden 13, en la tercera evaluación, presentó el mejor desempeño predictivo en los pacientes críticos.