Autoimmune and demyelinating optic neuritis. / Neuritis ópticas desmielinizantes y autoinmunes.

The knowledge on demyelinating and autoimmune optic neuropathies has experienced a revolution the last decade since the discovery of anti-aquaporin 4 antibody. Improvements in diagnostic techniques, and the finding of new targets, along with advances in neuro-immunology have led to the detection of antibodies related to demyelinating diseases. A review is presented on the classical and new concepts in optic neuritis. The debate on the classification of demyelinating and autoimmune optic neuritis is presented. Furthermore, the updated diagnostic criteria in multiple sclerosis and neuro-myelitis optics are described. Finally, the latest insights into Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) disorders and chronic-recurring optic neuropathies (CRION) are highlited.

[Quality of care and safety indicators in anticoagulated patients with non-valvular auricular fibrillation and deep venous thromboembolic disease]. / Indicadores de calidad y seguridad en el paciente anticoagulado con fibrilación auricular no valvular y enfermedad tromboembólica venosa profunda.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and prioritise indicators to assess the quality of care and safety of patients with non-valvular auricular fibrillation (NVAF) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) treated with anticoagulants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the consensus conference technique, a group of professionals and clinical experts, the determining factors of the NVAF and DVT care process were identified, in order to define the quality and safety criteria. A proposal was made for indicators of quality and safety that were prioritised, taking into account a series of pre-established attributes. The selected indicators were classified into indicators of context, safety, action, and outcomes of the intervention in the patient. RESULTS: A set of 114 health care and safety quality indicators were identified, of which 35 were prioritised: 15 for NVAF and 20 for DVT. About half (49%) of the indicators (40% for NVAF and 55% for DVT) applied to patient safety, and 26% (33% for NVAF and 20% for DVT) to the outcomes of interventions in the patient. CONCLUSIONS: The present work presents a set of agreed indicators by a group of expert professionals that can contribute to the improvement of the quality of care of patients with NVAF and DVT treated with anticoagulants.

[Dens invaginatus]. / Diente invaginado.

Dens invaginatus is an abnormal enamel growth first described by Salter in 1855. It has an incidence between 0.4 - 10%, and the tooth most frequently affected is the lateral upper incisor. Its etiology is not explained. There are many asymtomatic cases and others with symptoms derived from periapical lesions. Treatment must be as conservative as possible. A bibliographic review has been made and we demonstrate a radiologic sequence of the many cases observed in our Service in the last two years.

La dermatologia galenica. / Galen's dermatology

Galeno escribio la primera obra sobre los padecimientos cutaneos, cuya clasificacion persistio hasta el siglo XVIII. Ofrecio explicaciones racionales de la formacion de los abscesos, de las venas varicosas, de la gangrena y de la calvicie. Aunque Galeno no fue el fundador de la dermatologia, si fue su primer gran expositor