Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of pesticide mixtures: analysis of the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations on the aquatic environment.

In this study, we investigate the toxicity of commercial formulations based on glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid, and iprodione, in isolation and mixed, on Allium cepa. The mixtures consisted of combinations in the lowest (M1), intermediate (M2), and highest concentrations (M3) of each pesticide. We measured physiological (germination rate, germination speed, and radicular length) and cyto-genotoxic (mitotic index and frequency of aberrant cells) parameters. In addition, we analyzed the cell cycle progression and cell death induction by flow cytometry. When applied in isolation, the pesticides changed the parameters evaluated. M1 and M2 inhibited root length and increased the frequency of aberrant cells. Their genotoxic effect was equivalent to that of pesticides applied in isolation. Furthermore, M1 and M2 caused cell death and M2 changed the cell cycle progression. M3 had the greatest deleterious effect on A. cepa. This mixture inhibited root length and promoted an additive or synergistic effect on the mitotic index. In addition, M3 changed all parameters analyzed by flow cytometry. This research clearly demonstrates that the pesticides tested, and their mixtures, may pose a risk to non-target organisms.

Associação entre estado nutricional, indicadores socioeconômicos e quesito raça/cor em gestantes do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brasil / Association between nutritional status, socioeconomic indicators and race/color question in pregnant women in the Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil

O estado nutricional gestacional adequado constitui-se como elemento essencial para a saúde materna e fetal. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a associação entre determinantes sociais, quesito raça/cor e estado nutricional, em gestantes do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, com dados extraídos do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no ano de 2020, referente ao estado nutricional de gestantes adultas e adolescentes dos 19 municípios do Recôncavo da Bahia. Foi utilizada a regressão quantílica para a análise do desfecho do estado nutricional de gestantes, variável exposição principal, raça/cor autorreferida e covariáveis Coeficiente de Gini (CG) e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDHM). Foram acompanhadas 4.061 gestantes (14,35% eram adolescentes) com predominância daquelas que se autodeclararam pretas ou pardas (62,34%). Houve prevalência de excesso de peso em 53,36% das gestantes. Identificou-se associação positiva do excesso de peso com a raça/cor preta ou parda e inversamente ao CG. Este estudo revelou que o estado nutricional de gestantes é influenciado pela raça/cor preta e/ou parda e pelo CG. Tais resultados podem contribuir para o planejamento de programas e/ou projetos que incluam ações de alimentação e nutrição e visam o acompanhamento nutricional de gestantes, principalmente dos grupos socialmente vulnerabilizados.

Adequate gestational nutritional status is an essential element for maternal and fetal health. The objective of this study was to identify the association between social determinants, race/color and nutritional status in pregnant women from Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil. This ecological study, utilized data extracted from the 2020 Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, focusing on the nutritional status of adults and adolescents pregnant women across the 19 municipalities in the Recôncavo da Bahia. Quantile Regression was employed to analyze the nutritional status of pregnant women, considering the main exposure variable as self-reported race/color and covariates such as the Gini Coefficient and Human Development Index. In 2020, a total of 4,061 pregnant women were followed, with 14.35% being adolescents. The majority of pregnant women self-identified as black or brown (62.34%). The prevalence of overweight among pregnant women was 53.36%. The analysis revealed a positive association between overweight and black or brown race/color, while an inverse association was observed with the Gini Coefficient. These findings have implications for planning programs and projects that encompass food and nutrition interventions aimed at monitoring and improving the nutritional status of pregnant women, particularly those belonging to socially vulnerable groups.

Associação entre estado nutricional, indicadores socioeconômicos e quesito raça/cor em gestantes do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brasil / Association between nutritional status, socioeconomic indicators and race/color question in pregnant women in the Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil

O estado nutricional gestacional adequado constitui-se como elemento essencial para a saúde materna e fetal. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a associação entre determinantes sociais, quesito raça/cor e estado nutricional, em gestantes do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, com dados extraídos do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no ano de 2020, referente ao estado nutricional de gestantes adultas e adolescentes dos 19 municípios do Recôncavo da Bahia. Foi utilizada a regressão quantílica para a análise do desfecho do estado nutricional de gestantes, variável exposição principal, raça/cor autorreferida e covariáveis Coeficiente de Gini (CG) e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDHM). Foram acompanhadas 4.061 gestantes (14,35% eram adolescentes) com predominância daquelas que se autodeclararam pretas ou pardas (62,34%). Houve prevalência de excesso de peso em 53,36% das gestantes. Identificou-se associação positiva do excesso de peso com a raça/cor preta ou parda e inversamente ao CG. Este estudo revelou que o estado nutricional de gestantes é influenciado pela raça/cor preta e/ou parda e pelo CG. Tais resultados podem contribuir para o planejamento de programas e/ou projetos que incluam ações de alimentação e nutrição e visam o acompanhamento nutricional de gestantes, principalmente dos grupos socialmente vulnerabilizados. (AU)

Adequate gestational nutritional status is an essential element for maternal and fetal health. The objective of this study was to identify the association between social determinants, race/color and nutritional status in pregnant women from Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil. This ecological study, utilized data extracted from the 2020 Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, focusing on the nutritional status of adults and adolescents pregnant women across the 19 municipalities in the Recôncavo da Bahia. Quantile Regression was employed to analyze the nutritional status of pregnant women, considering the main exposure variable as self-reported race/color and covariates such as the Gini Coefficient and Human Development Index. In 2020, a total of 4,061 pregnant women were followed, with 14.35% being adolescents. The majority of pregnant women self-identified as black or brown (62.34%). The prevalence of overweight among pregnant women was 53.36%. The analysis revealed a positive association between overweight and black or brown race/color, while an inverse association was observed with the Gini Coefficient. These findings have implications for planning programs and projects that encompass food and nutrition interventions aimed at monitoring and improving the nutritional status of pregnant women, particularly those belonging to socially vulnerable groups. (AU)

Programa de resistência muscular para membros inferiores melhora sarcopenia urêmica / Muscular resistance program for lower limbs improves uremic sarcopenia

Insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) é caracterizada pela deterioração irreversível dos néfrons, que causa uma condição crônica com prejuízo do desempenho físico dos indivíduos, principalmente de membros inferiores (MMII), devido a sarcopenia urêmica e déficit de vitamina D. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficiência de um programa de resistência muscular para MMII de pacientes com IRC. Métodos: Cinco pacientes com IRC participaram do programa de reabilitação que ocorreu 30 minutos antes do início da hemodiálise (HD), duas vezes por semana, cada sessão teve duração de 20 minutos, totalizando 14 sessões, sendo a primeira e última, destinadas a avaliação. A intervenção consistiu de circuito funcional e exercícios resistidos, isotônicos de cadeia cinética aberta e fechada. Foi avaliado o teste de sentar e levantar em 30 segundos e teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM). Resultados: Após a aplicação, foi verificado que a força muscular pós (2,92 ± 1,10) foi estatisticamente maior que a pré (1,90 ± 1,29, p= 0,02), além de evidenciar que as variáveis da progressão da carga e força muscular pós, estão diretamente correlacionadas (r² 0,976, p= 0,005). O desempenho no teste de sentar e levantar em 30 segundos obteve diferença significativa pré (6,8 ± 2,28) e pós intervenção (10,4 ± 1,67, p= 0,004). Conclusão: O programa de resistência muscular de MMII foi eficaz, visto que aumentou o desempenho físico funcional com ganho de força e resistência muscular em pacientes em HD

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is characterized by the irreversible deterioration of the nephrons, which causes a chronic condition with impaired physical performance of individuals, mainly of the lower limbs (LL), due to uremic sarcopenia and vitamin D deficit. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of a muscular resistance program for the lower limbs of patients with CRF. Methods: Five patients with CRF participated in the rehabilitation program that took place thirty minutes before the beginning of hemodialysis (HD), twice a week, each session lasted 20 minutes, totaling 14 sessions, the first and last ones were destinated for evaluation. The intervention consisted of functional circuit and resistance exercises, isotonic with open and closed kinetic chain. The 30-second sit-and-stand test and the one maximum repetition test (1MR) were evaluated. Results: After application, it was found that post muscle strength (2.92 ± 1.10) was statistically higher than pre (1.90 ± 1.29, p= 0.02), in addition to showing that the variables of load progression and post muscle strength are directly correlated (r² 0.976, p= 0.005). The performance in the 30-second sit and stand test showed a significant difference pre (6.8 ± 2.28) and post intervention (10.4 ± 1.67, p= 0.004). Conclusion: The lower limbs muscular resistance program was effective, as it increased functional physical performance with gains in muscle strength and endurance in hemodialysis patients

From species descriptions to diversity patterns: the validation of taxonomic data as a keystone for ant diversity studies reproducibility and accuracy.

Research findings in natural sciences need to be comparable and reproducible to effectively improve our understanding of ecological and behavioural patterns. In this sense, knowledge frontiers in biodiversity studies are directly tied to taxonomic research, especially in species-rich tropical regions. Here we analysed the taxonomic information available in 470 studies on Brazilian ant diversity published in the last 50 years. We aimed to quantify the proportion of studies that provide enough data to validate taxonomic identification, explore the frequency of studies that properly acknowledge their taxonomic background, and investigate the primary resources for ant identification in Brazil. We found that most studies on Brazilian ant diversity (73.6%) explicitly stated the methods used to identify their specimens. However, the proportion of papers that provide complete data for the repository institutions and vouchered specimens is vanishingly small (5.8%). Additionally, only 40.0% of the studies consistently presented taxon authorities and years of description, rarely referencing taxonomic publications correctly. In turn, the number of specialists and institutions consulted for ant identification in Brazil has increased in the last years, along with the number of studies that explicitly provide their taxonomic procedures for ant identification. Our findings highlight a shift between generations regarding the recognition of taxonomy as fundamental science, deepening our understanding of biodiversity.

Low urinary selenium levels are associated with iodine deficiency in Brazilian schoolchildren and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Selenium (Se) and iodine (Io) are important micronutrients for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, as they are crucial for the synthesis and activation of the thyroid hormones (TH) triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Se and Io nutritional status among schoolchildren. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted in 982 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years from public schools in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, as well as urinary Se (USC) and Io concentrations (UIC) using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from filter paper blood collection, were evaluated. RESULTS: The median USC and UIC were 38.7 and 210.0 (IQR: 26.8-52.9 and 129.3-334.1 µg/L, respectively). The prevalence of iodine deficiency and excessive UIC were observed in 17.1% and 30.9% of schoolchildren, respectively. Concomitant low USC and IoD was found in 3.9% of schoolchildren. There was a positive correlation between USC and UIC (r = 0.60; p = 0.00). The median TSH was 0.95 (IQR: 0.69-1.30 µUI/L). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that USC is a good biomarker for assessing Se status, meantime more studies are needed to establish cutoff USC in child population. Despite adequate median intake, a subgroup of schoolchildren had IoD and low USC. The correlation between UIC and USC point at the importance of two micronutrients, raising the question whether measuring Se should be included in monitoring programs that address the prevention of nutritional disturbances.

Association of Salt Iodization and Urine Iodine Concentration in Schoolchildren from Public Schools in Northeast of Brazil.

Iodine deficiency (ID) is recognized as a leading risk factor for child development. Universal salt iodization (USI) is an effective and well-established intervention strategy for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). To evaluate the levels of iodine in household salt samples and the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 years in public schools in Bahia, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1231 students (6 to 14 years old) from 17 public schools in Bahia. The iodine concentration was evaluated in salt and UIC samples. The adapted Sandell-Kolthoff reaction was used to determine urinary iodine levels. A spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) was used to examine the reduction of ceric ammonium sulfate. A standard iodine solution using a potassium iodate was used to extrapolate the iodine concentrations. The total of 665 salt samples had a median iodine concentration of 24 mg/kg (25th-75th percentile 17.0 to 28.5 mg/kg). The largest proportion (79.6%) of salt samples had iodine concentration in the recommended range, 17.6% of the samples presented iodine at a salt concentration below the established level (<15 mg/kg) and a small proportion was above it (2.8%). The general mean urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 217.53 ± 28.30 µg/L and median was 205.50 µg/L. The students evaluated and the salt samples analyzed showed satisfactory results, as recommended by Brazilian legislation and nutritional recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Assessing Cassava Flour Consumption Impact on Iodine Nutritional Status in Schoolchildren from Public Schools in Brazil.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important food source in many developing countries. This root contains cyanoglucosides, which can aggravate iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). To analyze the impact of cassava flour consumption (CFC) on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among schoolchildren from public schools in Bahia, Brazil. Cross-sectional study was conducted on 1231 schoolchildren (ages 6-14 years old). Anthropometric parameters, household food insecurity, UIC, and CFC were evaluated. CFC prevalence was 90.8%. The mean UIC indicated adequate iodine nutrition in group A (CFC positive) and group B (CFC negative) (203.29 ± 81.08 µg/L versus 225.98 ± 76.59 µg/L, respectively). We found that daily cassava flour intake did not significantly raise the risk of iodine deficiency (ID) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43 [confidence interval (CI) 0.72-2.82]; p = 0.29), nor did it significantly protect against excessive iodine intake (EII) (OR = 0.70[CI 0.39-1.26]; p = 0.24). The prevalence of iodine deficiency (ID) (12.6% versus 8.9%) and EII (9.6% versus 15%) did not significantly differ between both groups. The results of this study suggest that the cyanides present in cassava flour have very little influence on iodine metabolism, which is probably justified by cassava processing methods.

Influence of Religiousness and Spirituality on Remission Rate, Mental Health, and Quality of Life of Patients With Active Crohn's Disease: A Longitudinal 2-Year Follow-up Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Studies on inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] have shown that religiousness and spirituality [R/S] were associated with better mental health and quality of life [QOL]. However, longitudinal studies assessing the impact of R/S on long-term clinical outcomes of Crohn's disease [CD] are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of R/S on the course of CD after a 2-year follow-up and to determine whether these R/S beliefs were associated with mental health and QOL. METHODS: A longitudinal 2-year follow-up study was conducted at a referral centre for IBD, including patients with moderately to severely active CD. Clinical data, disease activity [Harvey-Bradshaw Index], QOL [Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire-IBDQ], depression and anxiety [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-HADS], and R/S [Duke Religion Index-DUREL, Spirituality Self-Rating Scale-SSRS, and Spiritual/Religious Coping-SRCOPE scale] were assessed at baseline and at the end of the 2-year follow-up. Linear and logistic regression models were employed. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients [88.2%] were followed up for 2 years. On logistic regression, baseline levels of spirituality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.309; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.104-1.552, p = 0.002) and intrinsic religiousness [OR = 1.682; 95% CI = 1.221-2.317, p = 0.001] were predictors of remission at 2 years. On linear regression, the different dimensions of R/S did not significantly predict IBDQ or anxiety and depression scores after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: R/S predicted remission of CD patients after a 2-year follow-up. However, these beliefs failed to predict mental health or QOL. Health professionals who treat CD should be aware of the religious and spiritual beliefs of their patients, given these beliefs may impact on the disease course.

Abordagem e tratamento do tabagismo / Approach and treatment of smoking

O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) tem papel fundamental no auxílio às pessoas que desejam parar de fumar. Para tanto, é muito importante que os profissionais atuantes na atenção básica e assistência à saúde estejam preparados para oferecer esse auxílio. Considerando esse contexto, a Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina (DIVE/SES/SC), por meio de sua Gerência de Análises Epidemiológicas e Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis (GADNT) e a Escola de Saúde Pública de Santa Catarina (ESPSC) disponibilizam o curso "Abordagem e Tratamento do Tabagismo".

Disentangling the effects of sampling scale and size on the shape of species abundance distributions.

Many authors have tried to explain the shape of the species abundance distribution (SAD). Some of them have suggested that sampling spatial scale is an important factor shaping SADs. These suggestions, however, did not consider the indirect and well-known effect of sample size, which increases as samples are combined to generate SADs at larger spatial scales. Here, we separate the effects of sample size and sampling scale on the shape of the SAD for three groups of organisms (trees, beetles and birds) sampled in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We compared the observed SADs at different sampling scales with simulated SADs having the same richness, relative abundances but comparable sample sizes, to show that the main effect shaping SADs is sample size and not sampling spatial scale. The effect of scale was minor and deviations between observed and simulated SADs were present only for beetles. For trees, the match between observed and simulated SADs was improved at all spatial scales when we accounted for conspecific aggregation, which was even more important than the sampling scale effect. We build on these results to propose a conceptual framework where observed SADs are shaped by three main factors, in decreasing order of importance: sample size, conspecific aggregation and beta diversity. Therefore, studies comparing SADs across sites or scales should use sampling and/or statistical approaches capable of disentangling these three effects on the shape of SADs.

Effectiveness of additional deep-water running for disability, lumbar pain intensity, and functional capacity in patients with chronic low back pain: A randomised controlled trial with 3-month follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Aquatic exercise (AQE) programme is commonly used as an alternative to the chronic low back pain (CLBP) treatment. The addition of aquatic aerobic exercises to AQE may be beneficial to patients with CLBP. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of AQE with the addition of aerobic exercise - deep-water running (DWR) - compared to exclusive AQE in improving disability, lumbar pain intensity, and functional capacity in patients with CLBP. METHODS: Fifty-four adult patients with CLBP were randomised either to the experimental group (AQE + DWR) or the control group (AQE). An assessor who was blinded to the group allocation performed both pre- and post-interventions assessments. Both treatments lasted 9 weeks, with a 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was disability, as evaluated using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. The secondary outcomes were pain and functional capacity; pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and functional capacity (travelled distance) was measured using the 6-min walk test (6WT). RESULTS: A significant difference in pain was observed between groups after intervention in favour of DWR (mean difference -1.3 cm [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.17 to -0.45], d‾ = 0.80 [95% CI 0.22 to 1.33]). CONCLUSION: Treatment with DWR was effective in the short term for achieving the desired outcome of pain reduction when compared with AQE only but not for disability and functional capacity.

Relations and meanings on students environmental learnings about the rio doce / Apprentissages des élèves concernant lenvironnement du rio doce: rapports et sens / Aprendizaje ambiental de estudiantes sobre el rio doce con un enfoque en las relaciones y sentidos / Aprendizagens ambientais de estudantes sobre o rio doce: relações e sentidos

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study that aims to understand the relations that 9th-grade students establish with the Rio Doce in the context of the Fundão dam rupture. The theoretical and methodological basis is the contributions of Bernard Charlot through a dialogue with the field of environmental education. The data was generated through the inventory of knowledge and interviews. The results indicate the preponderance of affective learning over the school and citizen learning. In turn, it is towards the school that students direct their learning demands, giving them meanings in the context of the socio-technical disaster. The importance of the school for collective decision-making and socially responsible action in the context of the disaster is therefore affirmed.

RÉSUMÉ Ce texte présente les résultats d'une étude visant à comprendre les rapports que des élèves de troisième entretiennent avec le Rio Doce après la rupture du barrage minier du Fundão. Le cadre théorique et méthodologique est basé sur la contribution de Bernard Charlot en dialogue avec le domaine de l'éducation environnementale. Les données ont été obtenues par moyen d'un bilan de la litterature et d'entretiens. Les résultats indiquent que les apprentissages d'ordre affectif prédominent sur les apprentissages scolaires et citoyens. Ce sont les élèves eux-mêmes qui demandent à l'école des enseignements qu'ils considerent significatifs dans le contexte du désastre socio-technique. L'importance de l'école dans la prise de décisions collectives et pour l'action socialement responsable dans le contexte du désastre est soulignée.

Resumen El texto presenta los resultados de un estudio que tiene como objetivo comprender las relaciones que los estudiantes de noveno año de enseñanza básica establecen con el río Doce en el contexto de la ruptura de la presa de Fundão. Las aportaciones teórica y metodológica vienen dadas por las ideas de Bernard Charlot en diálogo con el área de la educación ambiental. Los datos se generaron a través de un equilibrio entre inventários de saber y entrevistas. Los resultados indican una preponderancia del aprendizaje afectivo sobre el aprendizaje escolar y ciudadano. A su vez, es a la escuela donde los estudiantes dirigen sus demandas de aprendizaje, asignándoles sentidos en el contexto del desastre socio-técnico. Se afirma la importancia de la escuela para la toma de decisiones colectivas y para actuar en el contexto del desastre de una manera socialmente responsable.

Resumo O texto apresenta resultados de um estudo que visa a compreender as relações que estudantes do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental estabelecem com o rio Doce no contexto do rompimento da barragem de Fundão. O aporte teórico e metodológico são as contribuições de Bernard Charlot em diálogo com o campo da educação ambiental. Os dados foram gerados por meio de balanço de saber e de entrevistas. Os resultados indicam preponderância de aprendizagens afetivas sobre as aprendizagens escolares e cidadãs. Por sua vez, é para a escola que os estudantes direcionam suas demandas de aprendizagens, atribuindo-lhes sentidos no contexto do desastre sociotécnico. Afirma-se a importância da escola para a tomada de decisões coletivas e para a atuação no contexto do desastre de forma socialmente responsável.

Hypertension and Salt-Restrictive Diet Promotes Low Urinary Iodine Concentration in High-Risk Pregnant Women: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study Conducted After Salt Iodination Reduction in Brazil.

During pregnancy, the demand for daily iodine increases by 50-70% which occurs to reach around 250 µg/day. Limited information is available on the association of high-risk pregnancy (HRP) with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and variables such as socioeconomic factors. To analyze iodine nutritional status and socioeconomic, demographic and anthropometric characteristics among women with HRP screened at the main referral public health center at Bahia, Brazil, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 241 women with HRP (15-46 years old) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The median UIC (MUIC) was 119 µg/L (25-75th, 58.7-200.4 µg/L), indicating mild iodine deficiency. Low UIC (< 150 µg/L) was detected in 61.8% (n = 149) - 18.3% between 100 and 150 µg/L, 24.5% between 50 and 100 µg/L, and 19.1% with UIC < 50 µg/L. Overall, 53% (n = 128) of our population adhered to a low-salt diet, and 32.5% (n = 77) had hypertension. Among the 73% of hypertensive women adhering to a salt-restricted diet, there was a 112% increased risk of iodine deficiency observed (OR = 2.127; 95% confidence interval [1.178-3.829]; p = 0.011). Adhering to a salt-restricted diet was associated with iodine deficiency (OR = 1.82; 95% confidence interval [1.073-3.088], p = 0,026). Hypertension and salt restriction diet significantly increased susceptibility for iodine deficiency in HRP. Therefore, low-salt diet when prescribed to pregnant women (PW) might be carefully followed by iodine nutritional status assessment or universal preconception iodine supplementation.

The Impact of Spirituality and Religiosity on Mental Health and Quality of Life of Patients with Active Crohn's Disease.

We aim to investigate the association among religious/spiritual coping (RSC), quality of life (QOL), and mental health in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). This cross-sectional study included 102 patients with active CD. Religious and spiritual beliefs were common among patients, being positive RSC higher than negative RSC. Negative coping was associated with mood disorders (depressive or anxiety symptoms) through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (ß = 0.260, p < 0.01) but not with QOL (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire) (ß = - 0.105, p = NS) after adjustments. Positive coping and other religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviors were not associated with either QOL or mental health. This study suggests that a negative RSC is associated with worse mental health outcomes. This may detrimentally impact adaptations to deal with CD in the active phase, although patients generally tend to use more common positive strategies. These findings may increase the awareness of health professionals while dealing with spiritual beliefs in patients with CD.

Alexitimia e adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo / Alexithymia and adherence to antihypertensive treatment

Objetivo. Verificar a relação entre a adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo e a presença de alexitimia. Métodos. Estudo transversal, realizado com hipertensos do município de Barbacena ­ Minas Gerais. Foram empregadas duas escalas: Escala de Adesão ao Tratamento Anti-hipertensivo e Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto. Foram utilizados o teste de quiquadrado e o teste t de Student. A correlação entre as duas escalas foi verificada por meio do Coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% Resultados. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por indivíduos do sexo feminino (68,2%), casados (64,6%), com pouca escolaridade (82%) e renda média baixa. Quase a metade dos participantes (46,4%) apresentou escores indicativos da presença de alexitimia. Não foi observada correlação estatisticamente significativa entre adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial e a presença de alexitimia. No entanto, baixa adesão e escores elevados sugestivos de alexitimia foram mais observados em indivíduos com baixa escolaridade e baixa renda. Conclusão. Apesar de não ter sido encontrada correlação entre as duas condições pesquisadas, verificou-se prevalência elevada de alexitimia na amostra estudada, sugerindo a realização de estudos prospectivos com maior tamanho amostral para determinar, de forma mais robusta, a existência de tal relação. (AU)

Objective. To verify the relationship between adherence to antihypertensive treatment and the presence of alexithymia. Methods. Cross-sectional study, conducted with hypertensive in the city of Barbacena - Minas Gerais. Two scales were used, the Antihypertensive Treatment Adherence Scale (QATHAS) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). The existence of the relationship between the variables studied was assessed by the chi-square test and the Student t test. To verify the correlation between the two scales, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. The adopted significance level was 5%. Results.The sample consisted mainly of females (68.2%), married (64.6%), low education (82%) and low average income. Almost half of the participants (46.4%) had scores indicating the presence of alexithymia. Only 5.1% of the individuals assessed me't the criteria of high adherence to hypertension treatment. No statistically significant correlation was observed between adherence to hypertension treatment and the presence of alexithymia. However, low adherence and high scores suggestive of alexithymia were more observed in individuals with low education and low income. Conclusion. Although no correlation was found between the two conditions surveyed, there was a high prevalence of alexithymia in the study sample, suggesting that prospective studies with a larger sample size should be conducted to more robustly determine the existence of such relation. (AU)

Pelvic floor muscle training alone or in combination with oxybutynin in treatment of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis. A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow up.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of the standard urotherapy alone and associated with pelvic floor muscle training alone, and in combination with oxybutynin in treatment of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. METHODS: A total of 38 children aged 5 to 10 years were randomized into three groups: Group I (n=12) that was submitted to standard urotherapy; Group II (n=15), standard urotherapy associated with pelvic floor muscle training; and Group III (n=11), standard urotherapy associated with pelvic floor muscle training and oxybutynin; the treatment lasted 12 weeks. The assessment tools used were playful bladder diary, and a 48-hour bladder diary, before and after treatment. After 2 years, patients were assessed by telephone using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The data of children from the three groups were homogeneous at baseline. After 12-week treatment, all children showed improved symptoms and signs of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, but the differences were not significant among the groups. After 2 years, the three groups showed maintenance of treatment results, but no differences among them. CONCLUSION: All treatment modalities were effective regarding improved enuresis and lower urinary tract symptoms, but the sample was not large enough to show differences among groups.

O uso do canto como terapêutica na reabilitação respiratória em idosos institucionalizados / The use of singing as a therapeutic in respiratory rehabilitation in institutionalized elderly / El uso del canto como terapéutica en la rehabilitación respiratoria en los ancianos institucionalizados

Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do canto na função respiratória, cardíaca e qualidade de vida em idosos institucionalizados. Método: pesquisa quase experimental e sem grupo controle, com a avaliação de 11 idosos institucionalizados no tempo 0 (pré aplicação) e no tempo 1 (pós aplicação) entre maio a agosto de 2017. As variáveis analisadas foram: função respiratória (capacidade inspiratória, obstrução das vias aéreas, expansibilidade torácica e saturação periférica de oxigênio), função cardíaca (pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca), função neurológica (mini exame do estado mental) e a qualidade de vida (escala de qualidade de vida de Flanagan). Resultados: houve melhora significativa na capacidade inspiratória (p= 0,001) e nos valores de obstrução das vias aéreas (p = 0,008). Conclusão: o canto é uma atividade coadjuvante no tratamento fisioterapêutico para mobilizar volumes, capacidades pulmonares e diminuir obstrução do fluxo aéreo atenuando os efeitos da senescência em idosos institucionalizados.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the effects of singing in respiratory and cardiac functions and quality of life in institutionalized elderly. Method: almost experimental and non-control group, with the evaluation of 11 institutionalized elderly at time 0 (pre-application) and at time 1 (post application) between May and August 2017. The variables analyzed were respiratory function (inspiratory capacity, airway obstruction, thoracic expandability and peripheral oxygen saturation), cardiac function (blood pressure and heart rate), neurological function (mini mental status examination), and quality of life (quality of life scale of Flanagan). Results: there was a significant improvement in the respiratory capacity (p= 0,001) and airways obstruction values (p= 0,008). Conclusion: singing is a supporting activity in the physiotherapy treatment to mobilize volumes, pulmonary capacities and decrease airflow obstruction attenuating senescence's effects in institutionalized elderly.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del canto en la función respiratoria, cardiaca y calidad de vida en ancianos institucionalizados. Método: investigación casi experimental y sin grupo control, con la evaluación de 11 ancianos institucionalizados en el tiempo 0 (pre-aplicación) y en el tiempo 1 (post aplicación) entre mayo a agosto de 2017. Las variables analizadas fueron: función respiratoria (capacidad inspiratoria, obstrucción de las mismas las vías aéreas, la expansibilidad torácica y la saturación periférica de oxígeno), la función cardiaca (presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca), la función neurológica (mini examen del estado mental) y la calidad de vida (escala de calidad de vida de Flanagan). Resultados: hubo una mejora significativa en la capacidad inspiratoria (p = 0,001) y en los valores de obstrucción de las vías aéreas (p = 0,008). Conclusión: el canto es una actividad coadyuvante en el tratamiento fisioterapéutico para movilizar volúmenes y capacidades pulmonares y disminuir obstrucción del flujo aéreo atenuando los efectos de la senescencia en ancianos institucionalizados.(AU)

In vitro and in vivo resistance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG carried by a mixed pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merril) and jussara (Euterpe edulis Martius) juice to the gastrointestinal tract.

This study evaluated the viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and its in vitro and in vivo resistance to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) when carried by a mixed fermented pineapple and jussara juice. The effects of product ingestion on the biochemical characteristics of the blood and on the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Wistar rats were also determined. The LGG viability in probiotic juice was higher than 7.2 log CFU/mL throughout 28 days at 8 °C. The mean count of the probiotic microorganism in the fecal samples of the rats was 5.6 log CFU/g, identical to the count at the end of the in vitro trial (enteric phase II), indicating that the mixed pineapple and jussara juice was an excellent vehicle for LGG. No difference (p > .05) was verified to ACF among the groups. However, the results for the probiotic culture viability and its in vitro and in vivo resistance to the gastrointestinal tract suggest that this juice is an excellent carrier matrix for LGG and contributed to a reduction in the levels of the LDL (low density lipoprotein) fraction of the blood cholesterol, thus being an aid in the control of coronary diseases.