Abo Blood Group, Atherothrombotic Comorbidities, and COVID-19: A Case-Control Study of their Association in the Mexican Population.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has been associated with negative results in patients with A blood group and with a better evolution in O blood group individuals. AIM: Because the evidence regarding ABO blood groups and COVID was empirically not that clear in our country, we tested the association regarding COVID-19 and blood groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adult patients were enrolled in this prospective, case-control, observational multicenter study. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were assigned to one of three groups based on the clinical presentation of the infection. Age, gender, ABO and Rh blood groups, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure, and smoking were recorded directly or from their clinical charts. ABO blood group was obtained from 5,000 blood donors (50% each gender). Atherothrombotic variables were compared with a nation-wide data collection. RESULTS: A total of 2,416 patients with COVID-19 were included (women:39.6%; men:60.4%). There were no significant differences between cases and controls in terms of age. O blood group was the most frequently found in healthy donors and COVID-19 patients, but this blood group was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients vs. healthy donors. ABO blood group was not associated with the final health status in COVID-19 patients. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking were significantly more frequent among COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: The proposed protective effect of the O blood group in COVID-19 patients could not be reproduced in the Mexican population while some atherothrombotic risk factors had a significant effect on the clinical evolution.

Trombocitopenia inmune primaria. Tratamiento y recomendaciones ante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Primary immune thrombocytopenia. Treatment and recommendations for the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumen La trombocitopenia inmune primaria (TIP) es una trastorno autoinmune adquirido caracterizado por el recuento bajo de plaquetas como resultado de la destrucción de plaquetas y la producción de plaquetas deteriorada. La falta de ensayos aleatorizados sobre el manejo de la TIP ha dado como resultado controversias significativas y gran variación en la práctica clínica para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Aunado a esto, la pandemia actual de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), causada por el nuevo coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), plantea una serie de dilemas para el estudio y tratamiento de los pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune, incluyendo las ventajas y desventajas de las opciones terapéuticas estándar para la TIP de reciente diagnóstico o en recaída y cronicidad, en cada uno de los enfoques de manejo: observación, corticosteroides, inmunoglobulina intravenosa, inmunoglobulina anti-D (anti-DIg), rituximab, esplenectomía y agonistas de los receptores de trombopoyetina, así como el reconocimiento de los desafíos planteados al manejo de pacientes con TIP con manifestaciones hemorrágicas y riesgo trombótico observado en pacientes hospitalizados con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo plasmar y ofrecer recomendaciones y pautas a seguir tanto en niños como en adultos con y sin COVID-19, ante el riesgo y beneficio en cada escenario, basado en consenso de expertos y guías ya establecidas (sobre todo para pacientes adultos) para el manejo, tratamiento y seguimiento de la TIP en el contexto de la actual pandemia.

Abstract Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelet count as a result of platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. The lack of randomized trials on the management of IPT has resulted in significant controversy and great variation in clinical practice for its diagnosis and treatment. In addition to this, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a series of dilemmas for the study and treatment of patients with immune thrombocytopenia, including the advantages and disadvantages of therapeutic options standard for newly diagnosed or relapsed and chronic IPT, in each of the management approaches: observation, corticosteroids, IV immunoglobulin, anti-D immunoglobulin, rituximab, splenectomy and thrombopoietin receptor agonists, as well as recognition of the challenges posed to the management of patients with IPT with hemorrhagic manifestations and thrombotic risk observed in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this reason, the present work aims to capture and offer recommendations and guidelines to follow in both children and adults with and without COVID-19, given the risk and benefit in each scenario, based on consensus of experts and already established guidelines (on all for adult patients) for the management, treatment and follow-up of IPT in the context of the current pandemic.

Splanchnic vein thrombosis as a first manifestation of Primary myelofibrosis / Trombosis venosa esplácnica como manifestación inicial de mielofibrosis primaria

Myeloproliferative neoplasms are chronic disorders of clonal hematopoietic stem cells, characterized by an overproduction of functional granulocytes, red blood cells and / or platelets, and one of the major complications is the occurrence of venous and arterial thrombotic problems caused by increased platelet aggregation and thrombin generation. In this study 11 cases of primary myelofibrosis (PM) were evaluated and 2 debuted with splanchnic venous thrombosis (SVT); so after seeing the results of this study and of world literature, it is suggested that in patients with SVT, diagnostic methods for PM like the JAK2V617F mutation should be included.

Las neoplasias mieloproliferativas (NMP) son alteraciones crónicas de las células madre hematopoyéticas clonales caracterizadas por una mayor producción de granulocitos, glóbulos rojos o plaquetas. Una de las principales complicaciones de las NMP es la aparición de problemas trombóticos venosos y arteriales causados por un aumento en la agregación plaquetaria y la generación de trombina. Se evaluaron 11 casos de mielofibrosis primaria (MP), de los cuales dos debutaron con trombosis venosa esplácnica (TVE). Tras observar los resultados de este estudio y de la literatura mundial, se sugiere que al evaluar pacientes con TVE se incluyan métodos diagnósticos para MP, como la mutación JAK2V617F.