Irritable bowel syndrome and basal serum tryptase: correlation between subtype, severity, and comorbidities. A pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: the activation of mast cells causes alterations in epithelial and neuromuscular function and is involved in visceral hypersensitivity and dysmotility in gastrointestinal functional disorders. OBJECTIVES: primary: to evaluate differences in basal serum tryptase (BST) between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. Secondary: BST depending on IBS subtype (diarrhea: IBS-D; constipation: IBS-C), comorbidities and correlation with IBS severity and quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a prospective control-case study in IBS patients (Rome IV criteria). BST (ImmunoCAP-Phadia, Sweden®), IBS Severity Score (IBSSS), pain, bloating and flatulence analogue scales, IBS quality of life (IBSQOL), and patient health status (PHQ-9) were determined. BST is the primary variable to achieve the primary endpoint. RESULTS: thirty-two patients were included, 21 (65.6 %) with IBS-D and 11 (34.4 %) with IBS-C; 32 controls were also included. Mean IBSSSS: 326.6 (± 71.4), IBSQOL: 76 (± 20.3), and PHQ9: 10.2 (± 5.9). BST was 4.8 ± 2.6 in IBS and 4.7 ± 2.6 in controls (p = 0.875). There were no differences in BST between IBS subtypes (4.7 ± 2.9 in IBS-D and 5 ± 1.8 in IBS-C; p = 0.315) or IBS severity (p = 0.662). However, BST was higher in patients with IBS and extraintestinal comorbidities compared to other patients and controls (p = 0.029). This subgroup also has more severe bloating (p = 0.021). There was no correlation between BST, quality of life (p = 0.9260), and health status (p = 0.3985). CONCLUSION: BST does not discriminate between IBS patients and controls. However, BST was higher in patients with IBS with extraintestinal comorbidities, which had more severe bloating. This finding is worthy of investigation.

Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the management of obstructive defecation.

Chronic constipation is a very common disease in daily clinical practice with a significant deterioration in quality of life that increases when associated with obstructive defecation. For this reason, we believe that the case presented here can improve our knowledge of these problems.

Esophageal motor disorders are frequent during pre and post lung transplantation. Can they influence lung rejection?

Background: lung transplantation (LTx) is a viable option for most patients with end-stage lung diseases. Esophageal motor disorders (EMD) are frequent in candidates for LTx, but there is very little data about changes in esophageal motility post-LTx. Aim: the aim of our study was to assess esophageal motor disorders by high resolution manometry (HRM) both pre-LTx and six months post-LTx in patients with and without organ rejection. Study: HRM (Manoscan(r)) was performed in 57 patients both pre-LTx and six months post-LTx. HRM plots were analyzed according to the Chicago classification 3.0. Results: EMD were found in 33.3% and in 49.1% of patients pre-LTx and post-LTx, respectively, and abnormal peristalsis was more frequently found post-LTx (p = 0.018). Hypercontractile esophagus was frequently found post-LTx (1.8% and 19.3% pre-LTx and post-LTx, respectively). Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology changed significantly pre-LTx and post-LTx; type I (normal) was more frequent post-LTx (63-2% and 82.5% respectively, p = 0.007). EMD were more frequent post-LTx in both the non-rejection and rejection group, although particularly in the rejection group (43.2% and 69.2% respectively, p = 0.09). EMD such as distal spasm, hypercontractile esophagus and EGJ outflow obstruction were also observed more frequently post-LTx in the rejection group. Conclusion: significant changes in esophageal motility were observed pre-LTx and particularly post-LTx; hypercontractile esophagus was a frequent EMD found post-LTx. EMD were more frequent in the group of patients that experienced organ rejection compared to the non-rejection group. EMD leading to an impaired esophageal clearance should be considered as an additional factor that contributes to LTx failure

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Esophageal motor disorders are frequent during pre and post lung transplantation. Can they influence lung rejection?

BACKGROUND: lung transplantation (LTx) is a viable option for most patients with end-stage lung diseases. Esophageal motor disorders (EMD) are frequent in candidates for LTx, but there is very little data about changes in esophageal motility post-LTx. AIM: the aim of our study was to assess esophageal motor disorders by high resolution manometry (HRM) both pre-LTx and six months post-LTx in patients with and without organ rejection. STUDY: HRM (Manoscan®) was performed in 57 patients both pre-LTx and six months post-LTx. HRM plots were analyzed according to the Chicago classification 3.0. RESULTS: EMD were found in 33.3% and in 49.1% of patients pre-LTx and post-LTx, respectively, and abnormal peristalsis was more frequently found post-LTx (p = 0.018). Hypercontractile esophagus was frequently found post-LTx (1.8% and 19.3% pre-LTx and post-LTx, respectively). Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology changed significantly pre-LTx and post-LTx; type I (normal) was more frequent post-LTx (63-2% and 82.5% respectively, p = 0.007). EMD were more frequent post-LTx in both the non-rejection and rejection group, although particularly in the rejection group (43.2% and 69.2% respectively, p = 0.09). EMD such as distal spasm, hypercontractile esophagus and EGJ outflow obstruction were also observed more frequently post-LTx in the rejection group. CONCLUSION: significant changes in esophageal motility were observed pre-LTx and particularly post-LTx; hypercontractile esophagus was a frequent EMD found post-LTx. EMD were more frequent in the group of patients that experienced organ rejection compared to the non-rejection group. EMD leading to an impaired esophageal clearance should be considered as an additional factor that contributes to LTx failure.

Aspectos prácticos para la manometría esofágica de alta resolución / Practical aspects of high resolution esophageal manometry

La manometría esofágica de alta resolución (MAR) está en fase de desarrollo, como se evidencia por las diferentes clasificaciones de Chicago. Con el fin de unificar criterios en algunos aspectos prácticos con limitada evidencia científica se llevó a cabo la Primera Reunión Nacional de Consenso en Manometría de Alta Resolución del Grupo Español de Motilidad Digestiva, en la que participaron un amplio grupo de expertos. Las propuestas se basaron en una encuesta previa con 47 preguntas, la exhaustiva revisión de la bibliografía disponible y la experiencia de los participantes. Se plantearon aspectos metodológicos sobre criterios de análisis poco definidos de algunos nuevos parámetros de alta resolución y otros aspectos no considerados, como la actividad espontánea o las ondas secundarias, elaborándose conclusiones finales con utilidad práctica (AU)

High resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) is currently under development as can be seen in the various Chicago classifications. In order to standardize criteria in certain practical aspects with limited scientific evidence, the First National Meeting for Consensus in High Resolution Manometry of the Spanish Digestive Motility Group took place, bringing together a wide group of experts. The proposals were based on a prior survey composed of 47 questions, an exhaustive review of the available literature and the experience of the participants. Methodological aspects relating to the poorly defined analysis criteria of certain new high resolution parameters were discussed, as well as other issues previously overlooked such as spontaneous activity or secondary waves. Final conclusions were drawn with practical application (AU)

Practical aspects of high resolution esophageal manometry.

High resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) is currently under development as can be seen in the various Chicago classifications. In order to standardize criteria in certain practical aspects with limited scientific evidence, the First National Meeting for Consensus in High Resolution Manometry of the Spanish Digestive Motility Group took place, bringing together a wide group of experts. The proposals were based on a prior survey composed of 47 questions, an exhaustive review of the available literature and the experience of the participants. Methodological aspects relating to the poorly defined analysis criteria of certain new high resolution parameters were discussed, as well as other issues previously overlooked such as spontaneous activity or secondary waves. Final conclusions were drawn with practical applications.

How the Body Position Can Influence High-resolution Manometry Results in the Study of Esophageal Dysphagia and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The body position can influence esophageal motility data obtained with high-resolution manometry (HRM). To examine whether the body position influences HRM diagnoses in patients with esophageal dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: HRM (Manoscan) was performed in 99 patients in the sitting and supine positions; 49 had dysphagia and 50 had GERD as-sessed by 24-hour pH monitoring. HRM plots were analyzed according to the Chicago classification. RESULTS: HRM results varied in the final diagnoses of the esophageal body (EB) in patients with dysphagia (P = 0.024), the result being more distal spasm and weak peristalsis while sitting. In patients with GERD, the HRM diagnoses of the lower esophageal sphinc-ter (LES), the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology, and EB varied depending on the position; (P = 0.063, P = 0.017, P = 0.041 respectively). Hypotensive LES, EGJ type III (hiatal hernia), and weak peristalsis were more frequently identified in the sitting position. The reliability (kappa) of the position influencing HRM diagnoses was similar in dysphagia and GERD ("LES diagnosis": dysphagia 0.32 [0.14-0.49] and GERD 0.31 [0.10-0.52], P = 0.960; "EB diagnosis": dysphagia 0.49 [0.30-0.69] and GERD 0.39 [0.20-0.59], P = 0.480). The reliability in "EGJ morphology" studies was higher in dysphagia 0.81 (0.68-0.94) than in GERD 0.55 (0.37-0.73), P = 0.020. CONCLUSIONS: HRM results varied according to the position in patients with dysphagia and GERD. Weak peristalsis was more frequently diagnosed while sitting in dysphagia and GERD. Hypotensive LES and EGJ type III (hiatal hernia) were also more frequently diagnosed in the sitting position in patients with GERD.

Divertículos epifrénicos y medio esofágicos: una causa poco frecuente de disfagia esofágica. Hallazgos en la manometría esofágica de alta resolución / Epiphrenic and middle esophageal diverticula: A rare cause of esophageal dysphagia. Esophageal high resolution manometry findings

Los divertículos esofágicos (DE) constituyen una patología poco frecuente siendo en su mayoría asintomáticos. Cuando ocasionan síntomas, la disfagia suele ser el más frecuente como consecuencia del tamaño del divertículo y de las alteraciones de la motilidad concomitantes. La manometría de alta resolución (MAR) permite diagnosticar con mayor precisión los trastornos motores subyacentes que se asocian con los DE y comprender su mecanismo fisiopatogénico. Se presentan seis pacientes con disfagia que fueron diagnosticados de DE asociado a un trastorno motor esofágico en la MAR

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How useful is esophageal high resolution manometry in diagnosing gastroesophageal junction disruption: causes affecting this disruption and its relationship with manometric alterations and gastroesophageal reflux.

BACKGROUND: High-resolution manometry (HRM) is a breakthrough in the morphological study of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and its degrees of disruption. OBJECTIVES: a) Assessment of risk factors involved in the disruption of the GEJ in patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms; b) the relationship between the type of GEJ and GER demonstrated by 24 hours pH-monitoring; and c) identification of the alterations in the manometric parameters related to the morphology of the GEJ. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen patients with symptoms of GER studied with HRM and classified by the type of GEJ (type I: Normal; type II: Sliding; type III: Hiatal hernia). Twenty four hour pH-monitoring without proton pump inhibitors was performed in all of them. Epidemiological aspects, manometric parameters (Chicago 2012 classification) and the pH-monitoring results were evaluated. RESULTS: Age (OR 1.033 [1.006-1.060]; p = 0.16), BMI (OR 1.097 [1.022-1.176]; p = 0. 01) and abdominal perimeter (OR 1.034 [1.005-1.063]; p = 0.0215) were independent risk factors for the GEJ type III (area under the curve 0.70). Disruption of the GEJ was associated with a lower resting pressure (p = 0.006), greater length (p < 0.001) and greater esophageal shortening (p < 0.001). Abnormal acidic reflux was found in the total period (p = 0.015), standing (p = 0.022) and supine (p = 0.001) in patients with GEJ type II and III with respect to type I. CONCLUSIONS: Increased age, overweight and central obesity pose a higher risk of GEJ type III (hiatal hernia). The greater disruption of the GEJ is associated with lower resting pressure, esophageal shortening, and higher acid exposure in the pH-monitoring.

Utilidad de la manometría de alta resolución en el diagnóstico de la disrupción de la unión gastroesofágica: causas que influyen en su disrupción y asociación con reflujo gastroesofágico y alteraciones manométricas / How useful is esophageal high resolution manometry in diagnosing gastroesophageal junction disruption: Causes affecting this disruption and its relationship with manometric alterations and gastroesophageal reflux

Introducción: la manometría de alta resolución (MAR) constituye un gran avance en el estudio morfológico de la unión gastroesofágica (UGE) y en sus grados de disrupción. Objetivos: a) valoración factores de riesgo implicados en la disrupción de la UGE en pacientes con síntomas de reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE); b) la relación entre el tipo de UGE y RGE demostrado por pH-metría; y c) identificación de las alteraciones en los parámetros manométricos vinculados a la morfología de la UGE. Métodos: 115 pacientes con síntomas de RGE, estudiados con MAR y clasificados por el tipo de UGE (tipo I o normal; tipo II o deslizamiento; tipo III o hernia de hiato). En todos ellos se realizó pH-metría de 24 horas sin inhibidores de la bomba de protones. Se evaluaron aspectos epidemiológicos, parámetros manométricos (clasificación de Chicago 2012) y resultados de la pH-metría. Resultados: la edad (OR 1,033 [1,006-1,060]; p = 0,016), IMC (OR 1,097 [1,022-1,176]; p = 0,01) y perímetro abdominal (OR 1,034 [1,005-1,063]; p = 0,0215) fueron factores de riesgo independientes para la UGE tipo III (área bajo la curva 0,70). La disrupción de la UGE se asoció con una menor presión de reposo (p = 0,006), mayor longitud de la misma (p < 0,001) y mayor acortamiento esofágico (p < 0,001). Se encontró RGE patológico en el periodo total (p = 0,015), en bipedestación (p = 0,022) y supino (p = 0,001) en el canal distal en los pacientes con UGE tipo II y III respecto al tipo I. Conclusiones: la mayor edad, el sobrepeso y la obesidad central suponen mayor riesgo de desarrollar UGE tipo III (hernia de hiato). La mayor disrupción de la UGE se asocia con menor presión de reposo, mayor acortamiento esofágico y mayor exposición ácida en la pH-metría (AU)

Background: High-resolution manometry (HRM) is a breakthrough in the morphological study of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and its degrees of disruption. Objectives: a) Assessment of risk factors involved in the disruption of the GEJ in patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms; b) the relationship between the type of GEJ and GER demonstrated by 24 hours pH-monitoring; and c) identification of the alterations in the manometric parameters related to the morphology of the GEJ. Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients with symptoms of GER studied with HRM and classified by the type of GEJ (type I: normal; type II: sliding; type III: hiatal hernia). Twenty four hour pH-monitoring without proton pump inhibitors was performed in all of them. Epidemiological aspects, manometric parameters (Chicago 2012 classification) and the pH-monitoring results were evaluated. Results: Age (OR 1.033 [1.006-1.060]; p = 0.16), BMI (OR 1.097 [1.022-1.176]; p = 0. 01) and abdominal perimeter (OR 1.034 [1.005-1.063]; p = 0.0215) were independent risk factors for the GEJ type III (area under the curve 0.70). Disruption of the GEJ was associated with a lower resting pressure (p = 0.006), greater length (p < 0.001) and greater esophageal shortening (p < 0.001). Abnormal acidic reflux was found in the total period (p = 0.015), standing (p = 0.022) and supine (p = 0.001) in patients with GEJ type II and III with respect to type I. Conclusions: Increased age, overweight and central obesity pose a higher risk of GEJ type III (hiatal hernia). The greater disruption of the GEJ is associated with lower resting pressure, esophageal shortening, and higher acid exposure in the pH-monitoring (AU)

Calidad de vida en pacientes con incontinencia fecal y su relación con la gravedad de la misma / Quality of life and its association with the severity of fecal incontinence

Introducción La escala de Wexner es una de las más utilizadas para evaluar la gravedad de la incontinencia fecal (IF). El SF-36 y la escala específica, Fecal incontinence quality of life scale (FIQLS) son instrumentos validados en castellano para el estudio de la calidad de vida.ObjetivosEvaluar la correlación entre la gravedad de la IF y la afectación de la calidad de vida mediante las escalas SF-36 y FIQL.Material y métodosSetenta y tres pacientes con IF completaron las escalas de Wexner, SF-36 y FIQL. El punto de corte de gravedad, según lo publicado en estudios previos, fue 9 (Wexner ≥9: IF grave; Wexner <9: IF leve).ResultadosLa puntuación en las subescalas del SF-36 fueron más bajas que en la población general (p<0,001). El componente mental del SF-36 se correlacionó con los dominios «conducta» y «vergüenza» de FIQLS (p<0,05). La puntuación de Wexner se correlacionó con todos los dominios de FIQLS (p<0,01). Los resultados para todos los dominios de FIQLS fueron menores para el grupo Wexner ≥9 comparado con el grupo Wexner <9 (p<0,001). No se encontró correlación entre la puntuación de Wexner y el SF-36. La edad, IF de urgencia, frecuencia diaria, co-morbilidad y cirugía ano-rectal empeoran distintos aspectos de la calidad de vida en la escala FIQL.ConclusionesLos pacientes con IF tienen gran afectación de la calidad de vida medida con las escalas SF-36 y FIQL. La gravedad de la IF se correlaciona con la escala FIQL. Otros factores como la edad, el tipo y la frecuencia de la IF deben considerarse al evaluar la calidad de vida (AU)

Background Wexner's score is widely used to assess the severity of fecal incontinence (FI). The 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) and the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQLS), a disease-specific scale, are instruments measuring quality of life that have been validated into Spanish.AimTo evaluate quality of life in patients with FI by using the FIQL and SF-36 scales to correlate the results with the Wexner's score.MethodsWexner's score, SF-36 and FIQLS were completed by 73 patients. The cut-off point for severity, as previously published, was 9 (Wexner's score <9=mild FI; Wexner's score ≥9=severe FI).ResultsThe scores for all SF-36 sub-scales were lower in patients with FI than in the healthy Spanish population (p<0.001). The mental component of the SF-36 correlated with the subscales of «behavior» and «embarrassment» of the FIQLS (p<0.05). Wexner's score correlated with all the domains of the FIQLS (p<0.01). The results for all the domains of the FIQLS were lower for the Wexner ≥ 9 group than for the Wexner <9 group (p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between Wexner's score and the SF-36. Age, urge and daily FI, comorbidity and anorectal surgery worsened different aspects of quality of life measured by the FIQLS.ConclusionsQuality of life measured by the SF-36 and FIQLS was substantially impaired in patients with FI. The severity of FI correlated with FIQLS. Other factors such as age, type and frequency of FI should be considered when evaluating quality of life (AU)

[Quality of life and its association with the severity of fecal incontinence]. / Calidad de vida en pacientes con incontinencia fecal y su relación con la gravedad de la misma.

BACKGROUND: Wexner's score is widely used to assess the severity of fecal incontinence (FI). The 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) and the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQLS), a disease-specific scale, are instruments measuring quality of life that have been validated into Spanish. AIM: To evaluate quality of life in patients with FI by using the FIQL and SF-36 scales to correlate the results with the Wexner's score. METHODS: Wexner's score, SF-36 and FIQLS were completed by 73 patients. The cut-off point for severity, as previously published, was 9 (Wexner's score <9=mild FI; Wexner's score ≥9=severe FI). RESULTS: the scores for all SF-36 sub-scales were lower in patients with FI than in the healthy Spanish population (p<0.001). The mental component of the SF-36 correlated with the subscales of «behavior¼ and «embarrassment¼ of the FIQLS (p<0.05). Wexner's score correlated with all the domains of the FIQLS (p<0.01). The results for all the domains of the FIQLS were lower for the Wexner ≥ 9 group than for the Wexner <9 group (p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between Wexner's score and the SF-36. Age, urge and daily FI, comorbidity and anorectal surgery worsened different aspects of quality of life measured by the FIQLS. CONCLUSIONS: quality of life measured by the SF-36 and FIQLS was substantially impaired in patients with FI. The severity of FI correlated with FIQLS. Other factors such as age, type and frequency of FI should be considered when evaluating quality of life.