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1.
Artículo en Inglés | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-58452

RESUMEN

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. The DoTT (Decreasing Time to Therapy) project aimed to minimize the interval between fever onset and medical interventions for children with febrile neutropenia. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of implementing the DoTT project on the hospital time to antibiotic (TTA) and patient time to arrival (PTA) at the hospital in children with febrile neutropenia admitted to the emergency department. Methods. The DoTT project was implemented at a Peruvian hospital and followed the World Health Organi‐ zation (WHO) multimodal improvement strategy model. Components included creating a healthcare delivery bundle and antibiotic selection pathways, training users of the bundle and pathways, monitoring patient outcomes and obtaining user feedback, encouraging use of the new system, and promoting the integration of DoTT into the institutional culture. Emergency room providers were trained in the care delivery for children with cancer and fever and taught to use the bundle and pathways. DoTT was promoted via pamphlets and posters, with a view to institutionalizing the concept and disseminating it to other hospital services. Results. Admission data for 129 eligible patients in our registry were analyzed. The TTA and PTA were compared before and after the DoTT intervention. The median TTA was 146 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 97–265 minutes) before the intervention in 99 patients, and 69 minutes (IQR 50–120 minutes) afterwards in 30 patients (p<0.01). The median PTA was reduced from 1483 minutes at baseline to 660 minutes after the intervention (p<0.01). Conclusions. Applying the WHO multimodal improvement strategy model to the care of children with febrile neutropenia arriving at the hospital had a positive impact on the PTA and TTA, thus potentially increasing the survival of these patients.


[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. El proyecto DoTT (Disminuyendo el tiempo a la terapia, sigla en inglés) busca minimizar el intervalo entre el inicio de la fiebre y las intervenciones médicas en la población infantil con neutropenia febril. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la implementación del proyecto DoTT sobre el tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de la fiebre hasta la llegada del paciente (TLP) al hospital y el tiempo transcurrido en el hospital hasta la administración del antibiótico (TAA) en niños con neutropenia febril ingresados en el servicio de urgencias. Métodos. El proyecto DoTT se puso en marcha en un hospital peruano, según el modelo de estrategia multimodal de mejora de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Entre sus componentes se encontraban crear un conjunto de servicios de atención de salud y de algoritmos para la selección de antibióticos; capacitar a los usuarios en la utilización del conjunto de servicios y de los algoritmos; realizar un seguimiento de los resultados de los pacientes y recabar la opinión de los usuarios; fomentar el uso del nuevo sistema; y promover la integración del proyecto en la cultura institucional. Se capacitó al personal de la sala de urgencias en la atención de pacientes pediátricos con cáncer y fiebre, y en el uso del conjunto de servicios y de los algoritmos. Se informó sobre el proyecto DoTT mediante folletos y carteles, con vistas a institucionalizar el concepto y difundirlo a otros servicios hospitalarios. Resultados. Se analizaron los datos de ingreso de 129 pacientes de nuestro registro que cumplían con los requisitos. Se compararon el TAA y el TLP al hospital antes y después de la intervención con las pautas del proyecto DoTT. La mediana del TAA fue de 146 minutos (intervalo intercuartílico [II]: 97‐265 minutos) en 99 pacientes antes de la intervención y de 69 minutos (II: 50‐120 minutos) en 30 pacientes después de ella (p <0,01). La mediana del TLP disminuyó de 1 483 minutos en el momento de la evaluación inicial a 660 minutos después de la intervención (p <0,01). Conclusiones. La aplicación del modelo de estrategia multimodal de mejora de la OMS a la atención de la población infantil con neutropenia febril que acude al hospital tuvo un efecto positivo sobre el TLP y el TAA, lo que podría aumentar la supervivencia de estos pacientes.


[RESUMO]. Objetivo. O projeto DoTT (Redução do Tempo para o Tratamento, na sigla em inglês) tem como objetivo reduzir ao máximo o intervalo entre o início da febre e as intervenções médicas em crianças com neutropenia febril. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da implementação do projeto DoTT no tempo desde o início da febre até a chegada do paciente (TCP) ao hospital e no tempo no hospital até a administração de antibióticos (TAA) em crianças com neutropenia febril admitidas no departamento de emergência. Métodos. O projeto DoTT foi implementado em um hospital do Peru e seguiu o modelo de estratégia de melhoria multimodal da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Os componentes incluíram a criação de um pacote de prestação de serviços de saúde e de protocolos de seleção de antibióticos, o treinamento de usuários no pacote e nos protocolos de seleção, o monitoramento da evolução dos pacientes e obtenção de feedback dos usuários, o incentivo ao uso do novo sistema e a promoção da integração do DoTT à cultura institucional. Os profissionais do pronto socorro foram capacitados na prestação de cuidados a crianças com câncer e febre e no uso do pacote e dos protocolos de seleção. O DoTT foi divulgado por meio de panfletos e pôsteres, com o objetivo de institucionalizar o conceito e disseminá‐lo para outros serviços hospitalares. Resultados. Foram analisados os dados de internação de 129 pacientes elegíveis em nosso registro. O TAA e o TCP foram comparados antes e depois da intervenção DoTT. O TAA mediano era de 146 minutos (intervalo interquartil: 97‐265 minutos) antes da intervenção em 99 pacientes e de 69 minutos (intervalo interquartil: 50‐120 minutos) depois da intervenção em 30 pacientes (p < 0,01). O TCP mediano diminuiu de 1483 minutos na linha de base para 660 minutos após a intervenção (p < 0,01). Conclusão. A aplicação do modelo de estratégia multimodal de melhoria da OMS ao atendimento de crianças com neutropenia febril que chegam ao hospital teve um impacto positivo no TCP e no TAA, potencialmente aumentando a sobrevida desses pacientes.


Asunto(s)
Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Neutropenia Febril , Salud Infantil , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente , Perú , Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Neutropenia Febril , Salud Infantil , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente , Perú , Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Salud Infantil , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente
2.
Artículo en Inglés | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-58449

RESUMEN

[ABSTRACT]. The Pan American Journal of Public Health draws readers’ attention to an error in the following article, pointed out by the authors: Mendieta A, Rios Lopez L, Vargas Arteaga M, Maradiegue E, Delgadillo Arone W, Rueda Bazalar C, et al. A multimodal strategy to improve health care for pediatric patients with cancer and fever in Peru. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2023;47:e140. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.140 In page 4, figure 1 the word Lorem ipsum should be Vancomycin


[RESUMEN]. La Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública llama la atención a los lectores sobre un error en el siguiente artículo, señalado por los autores: Mendieta A, Rios Lopez L, Vargas Arteaga M, Maradiegue E, Delgadillo Arone W, Rueda Bazalar C, et al. A multimodal strategy to improve health care for pediatric patients with cancer and fever in Peru. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2023;47:e140. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.140


[RESUMO]. A Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública chama a atenção dos leitores para um erro no artigo a seguir, apontado pelos autores: Mendieta A, Rios Lopez L, Vargas Arteaga M, Maradiegue E, Delgadillo Arone W, Rueda Bazalar C, et al. A multimodal strategy to improve health care for pediatric patients with cancer and fever in Peru. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2023;47:e140. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.140


Asunto(s)
Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Neutropenia Febril , Salud Infantil , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente , Perú , Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Neutropenia Febril , Salud Infantil , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente , Perú , Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Salud Infantil , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente
3.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 47: e140, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37799822

RESUMEN

Objective: The DoTT (Decreasing Time to Therapy) project aimed to minimize the interval between fever onset and medical interventions for children with febrile neutropenia. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of implementing the DoTT project on the hospital time to antibiotic (TTA) and patient time to arrival (PTA) at the hospital in children with febrile neutropenia admitted to the emergency department. Methods: The DoTT project was implemented at a Peruvian hospital and followed the World Health Organization (WHO) multimodal improvement strategy model. Components included creating a healthcare delivery bundle and antibiotic selection pathways, training users of the bundle and pathways, monitoring patient outcomes and obtaining user feedback, encouraging use of the new system, and promoting the integration of DoTT into the institutional culture. Emergency room providers were trained in the care delivery for children with cancer and fever and taught to use the bundle and pathways. DoTT was promoted via pamphlets and posters, with a view to institutionalizing the concept and disseminating it to other hospital services. Results: Admission data for 129 eligible patients in our registry were analyzed. The TTA and PTA were compared before and after the DoTT intervention. The median TTA was 146 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 97-265 minutes) before the intervention in 99 patients, and 69 minutes (IQR 50-120 minutes) afterwards in 30 patients (p < 0.01). The median PTA was reduced from 1 483 minutes at baseline to 660 minutes after the intervention (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Applying the WHO multimodal improvement strategy model to the care of children with febrile neutropenia arriving at the hospital had a positive impact on the PTA and TTA, thus potentially increasing the survival of these patients.

4.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 47, 2023. Cáncer infantil en las Américas
Artículo en Inglés | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-58109

RESUMEN

[ABSTRACT]. The Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) aims to increase the cure rate for children with cancer globally by improving healthcare access and quality. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (St. Jude), and collaborators have joined efforts to improve outcomes of children with cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the CureAll framework. In this article, we describe the process of developing regional resources aimed at accelerating the GICC implementation in LAC. In March 2021, PAHO formed regional working groups to develop core projects aligned with CureAll pillars and enablers. Seven working groups emerged from regional dialogues: early detection, nursing, psychosocial, nutrition, supportive care, treatment abandonment, and palliative care. PAHO arranged regular online meetings under the mentorship and support of St. Jude regional/transversal programs and international mentors. Between April and December 2021, 202 multidisciplinary experts attended 43 online meetings to promote the dialogue between stakeholders to improve childhood cancer outcomes. Fourteen technical outputs were produced: four regional snapshots, four technical documents, two virtual courses, one set of epidemiological country profiles, one educational content series for parents/caregivers, and two communication campaigns. The ongoing dialogue and commitment of PAHO, St. Jude, LAC working committees, and international collaborators are essential foundations to successfully accelerate GICC implementation. This is achievable through the development of materials of regional and global relevance. Further research and evaluation are needed to deter- mine the impact of these strategies and resources on childhood cancer outcomes in LAC and other regions.


[RESUMEN]. La Iniciativa Mundial contra el Cáncer Infantil tiene como objetivo aumentar a nivel mundial la tasa de curación del cáncer infantil mediante la mejora del acceso a la atención de salud y de su calidad. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), el St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital y los colaboradores han aunado esfuerzos para mejorar los resultados en la población infantil con cáncer en América Latina y el Caribe valiéndose del marco CureAll. En este artículo describimos el proceso de elaboración de recursos regionales destinados a acelerar la aplicación de la Iniciativa Mundial en América Latina y el Caribe. En marzo del 2021, la OPS formó grupos de trabajo regionales para elaborar proyectos básicos que estuvieran en consonancia con los pilares y los elementos facilitadores del CureAll. De los diálogos regionales surgieron siete grupos de trabajo: detección temprana, enfermería, aspectos psicosociales, nutrición, tratamientos de apoyo, abandono del tratamiento y cuidados paliativos. La OPS organizó con regularidad reuniones virtuales en las que se contó con la tutoría y el apoyo de programas regionales o transversales del St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital y de mentores internacionales. Entre abril y diciembre del 2021 hubo 43 reuniones virtuales a las que asistieron 202 expertos multidisciplinarios, con el objetivo de promover el diálogo entre las partes interesadas para mejorar los resultados en materia de cáncer infantil. Se elaboraron catorce productos técnicos: cuatro panoramas regionales, cuatro documentos técnicos, dos cursos virtuales, un conjunto de perfiles epidemiológicos de países, una serie con contenidos educativos para padres y cuidadores y dos campañas de comunicación. El diálogo y el compromiso constantes de la OPS, el St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, los comités de trabajo de América Latina y el Caribe y los colaboradores internacionales son las bases fundamentales para conseguir que se acelere la aplicación de la Iniciativa Mundial. Esto se puede lograr mediante la elaboración de materiales que resulten pertinentes a nivel regional y mundial. Son necesarias más investigaciones y evaluaciones para determinar el impacto que tienen estas estrategias y recursos en los resultados que se obtienen en el cáncer infantil en América Latina y el Caribe y en otras subregiones.


[RESUMO]. A Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil tem como objetivo aumentar a taxa de cura de crianças com câncer no mundo todo, melhorando o acesso a cuidados e a qualidade da assistência médica. A Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), o St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (St. Jude) e colaboradores uniram esforços para melhorar o desfecho de crianças com câncer na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) no âmbito do marco CureAll. Neste artigo, descrevemos o processo de desenvolvimento de recursos regionais com o objetivo de acelerar a implementação da Iniciativa na ALC. Em março de 2021, a OPAS formou grupos de trabalho regionais para desenvolver projetos centrais alinha- dos com os pilares e facilitadores do CureAll. A partir das reuniões de diálogo regionais, foram criados sete grupos de trabalho: detecção precoce, enfermagem, atenção psicossocial, nutrição, cuidados de suporte, abandono do tratamento e cuidados paliativos. A OPAS organizou reuniões virtuais regulares sob a orientação e o apoio dos programas regionais e transversais do St. Jude e de mentores internacionais. Entre abril e dezembro de 2021, 202 especialistas multidisciplinares participaram de 43 reuniões virtuais para promover o diálogo entre as partes interessadas a fim de melhorar os desfechos do câncer infantil. Foram produzidos 14 materiais técnicos: quatro panoramas regionais, quatro documentos técnicos, dois cursos virtuais, um conjunto de perfis epidemiológicos nacionais, uma série de conteúdo educacional para pais e cuidadores e duas campanhas de comunicação. O diálogo e o compromisso contínuos da OPAS, do St. Jude, dos comitês de trabalho da ALC e dos colabora- dores internacionais são bases essenciais para acelerar com sucesso a implementação da Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil. Isso é possível por meio do desenvolvimento de materiais de relevância regional e mundial. São necessárias mais pesquisas e avaliações para determinar o impacto dessas estratégias e recursos nos resultados do câncer infantil na ALC e em outras regiões.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Salud Infantil , Colaboración Intersectorial , Planes y Programas de Salud , América Latina , Región del Caribe , Neoplasias , Salud Infantil , Colaboración Intersectorial , Planes y Programas de Salud , América Latina , Región del Caribe , Salud Infantil , Colaboración Intersectorial , Planes y Programas de Salud , Región del Caribe
5.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 47, 2023. Cáncer infantil en las Américas
Artículo en Inglés | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-58108

RESUMEN

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. The DoTT (Decreasing Time to Therapy) project aimed to minimize the interval between fever onset and medical interventions for children with febrile neutropenia. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of implementing the DoTT project on the hospital time to antibiotic (TTA) and patient time to arrival (PTA) at the hospital in children with febrile neutropenia admitted to the emergency department. Methods. The DoTT project was implemented at a Peruvian hospital and followed the World Health Organi‐ zation (WHO) multimodal improvement strategy model. Components included creating a healthcare delivery bundle and antibiotic selection pathways, training users of the bundle and pathways, monitoring patient out‐ comes and obtaining user feedback, encouraging use of the new system, and promoting the integration of DoTT into the institutional culture. Emergency room providers were trained in the care delivery for children with cancer and fever and taught to use the bundle and pathways. DoTT was promoted via pamphlets and posters, with a view to institutionalizing the concept and disseminating it to other hospital services. Results. Admission data for 129 eligible patients in our registry were analyzed. The TTA and PTA were com‐ pared before and after the DoTT intervention. The median TTA was 146 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 97–265 minutes) before the intervention in 99 patients, and 69 minutes (IQR 50–120 minutes) afterwards in 30 patients (p<0.01). The median PTA was reduced from 1483 minutes at baseline to 660 minutes after the intervention (p<0.01). Conclusions. Applying the WHO multimodal improvement strategy model to the care of children with febrile neutropenia arriving at the hospital had a positive impact on the PTA and TTA, thus potentially increasing the survival of these patients. This article has been corrected https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.163


[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. El proyecto DoTT (Disminuyendo el tiempo a la terapia, sigla en inglés) busca minimizar el intervalo entre el inicio de la fiebre y las intervenciones médicas en la población infantil con neutropenia febril. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la implementación del proyecto DoTT sobre el tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de la fiebre hasta la llegada del paciente (TLP) al hospital y el tiempo transcurrido en el hospital hasta la administración del antibiótico (TAA) en niños con neutropenia febril ingresados en el servicio de urgencias. Métodos. El proyecto DoTT se puso en marcha en un hospital peruano, según el modelo de estrategia mul‐ timodal de mejora de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Entre sus componentes se encontraban crear un conjunto de servicios de atención de salud y de algoritmos para la selección de antibióticos; capacitar a los usuarios en la utilización del conjunto de servicios y de los algoritmos; realizar un seguimiento de los resultados de los pacientes y recabar la opinión de los usuarios; fomentar el uso del nuevo sistema; y promover la integración del proyecto en la cultura institucional. Se capacitó al personal de la sala de urgencias en la atención de pacientes pediátricos con cáncer y fiebre, y en el uso del conjunto de servicios y de los algoritmos. Se informó sobre el proyecto DoTT mediante folletos y carteles, con vistas a institucionalizar el concepto y difundirlo a otros servicios hospitalarios. Resultados. Se analizaron los datos de ingreso de 129 pacientes de nuestro registro que cumplían con los requisitos. Se compararon el TAA y el TLP al hospital antes y después de la intervención con las pautas del proyecto DoTT. La mediana del TAA fue de 146 minutos (intervalo intercuartílico [II]: 97‐265 minutos) en 99 pacientes antes de la intervención y de 69 minutos (II: 50‐120 minutos) en 30 pacientes después de ella (p <0,01). La mediana del TLP disminuyó de 1 483 minutos en el momento de la evaluación inicial a 660 minutos después de la intervención (p <0,01). Conclusiones. La aplicación del modelo de estrategia multimodal de mejora de la OMS a la atención de la población infantil con neutropenia febril que acude al hospital tuvo un efecto positivo sobre el TLP y el TAA, lo que podría aumentar la supervivencia de estos pacientes. Este artículo ha sido corregido por https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.163


[RESUMO]. Objetivo. O projeto DoTT (Redução do Tempo para o Tratamento, na sigla em inglês) tem como objetivo reduzir ao máximo o intervalo entre o início da febre e as intervenções médicas em crianças com neutropenia febril. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da implementação do projeto DoTT no tempo desde o início da febre até a chegada do paciente (TCP) ao hospital e no tempo no hospital até a administração de antibióticos (TAA) em crianças com neutropenia febril admitidas no departamento de emergência. Métodos. O projeto DoTT foi implementado em um hospital do Peru e seguiu o modelo de estratégia de melhoria multimodal da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Os componentes incluíram a criação de um pacote de prestação de serviços de saúde e de protocolos de seleção de antibióticos, o treinamento de usuários no pacote e nos protocolos de seleção, o monitoramento da evolução dos pacientes e obtenção de feedback dos usuários, o incentivo ao uso do novo sistema e a promoção da integração do DoTT à cultura institucional. Os profissionais do pronto‐socorro foram capacitados na prestação de cuidados a crianças com câncer e febre e no uso do pacote e dos protocolos de seleção. O DoTT foi divulgado por meio de panfletos e pôsteres, com o objetivo de institucionalizar o conceito e disseminá‐lo para outros serviços hospitalares. Resultados. Foram analisados os dados de internação de 129 pacientes elegíveis em nosso registro. O TAA e o TCP foram comparados antes e depois da intervenção DoTT. O TAA mediano era de 146 minutos (inter‐ valo interquartil: 97‐265 minutos) antes da intervenção em 99 pacientes e de 69 minutos (intervalo interquartil: 50‐120 minutos) depois da intervenção em 30 pacientes (p < 0,01). O TCP mediano diminuiu de 1483 minutos na linha de base para 660 minutos após a intervenção (p < 0,01). Conclusão. A aplicação do modelo de estratégia multimodal de melhoria da OMS ao atendimento de crianças com neutropenia febril que chegam ao hospital teve um impacto positivo no TCP e no TAA, potencialmente aumentando a sobrevida desses pacientes. Este artigo foi corrigido https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.163


Asunto(s)
Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Neutropenia Febril , Salud Infantil , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente , Perú , Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Neutropenia Febril , Salud Infantil , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente , Perú , Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Salud Infantil , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente
6.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol ; 45(7): e798-e809, 2023 10 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37526415

RESUMEN

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of mortality among pediatric oncology patients in resource-limited settings. Effective, innovative strategies are needed to improve care and survival. In a pediatric oncology unit in Mexico, we retrospectively analyzed the risk factors for mortality related to BSI and the results of using a care-bundle intervention. The care-bundle consisted of a swift clinical evaluation, initial fluid-resuscitation support, obtaining blood cultures, and administration of effective empirical antibiotic therapy for suspected BSI. The outcomes of patients who received the care-bundle during a 12-month period were compared with those of patients treated with standard care during the 12 months preceding its implementation. The primary outcomes were BSI diagnosis, choice of antibiotics, and mortality. Of the 261 suspected BSIs treated with standard care, 33 (12.6%) infections were confirmed, and of the 308 treated with the care-bundle, 67 (21.7%) BSIs were confirmed. Thus, after implementation of the care-bundle, significantly more BSIs were diagnosed ( P =0.004), and BSI-related mortality was significantly reduced by 22.2% ( P = 0.035). Surgical resection and mechanical ventilation support were independently associated with BSI-related mortality, and receiving effective initial empirical antibiotic therapy was protective against mortality (odds ratio, 0.013; 95% CI: 0.002-0.105; P =0.001), which comprising cefepime plus amikacin or meropenem in 44 (80.0%) of the cases alive. Consistent use of a care-bundle with initial fluid resuscitation, obtaining a blood culture, and administering effective antibiotics to children with cancer and suspected BSI can decrease mortality.


Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia , Neoplasias , Sepsis , Humanos , Niño , Estudios Retrospectivos , Configuración de Recursos Limitados , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/terapia , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico
7.
Viruses ; 15(5)2023 05 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37243222

RESUMEN

Soon after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Institute for Health Sciences Research (IICS) of the National University of Asunción, Paraguay became a testing laboratory (COVID-Lab) for SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-Lab testing performance was assessed from 1 April 2020 to 12 May 2021. The effect of the pandemic on the IICS and how the COVID-Lab contributed to the academic and research activities of the institute were also assessed. IICS researchers and staff adjusted their work schedules to support the COVID-Lab. Of the 13,082 nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs processed, 2704 (20.7%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Of the individuals testing positive, 55.4% were female and 48.3% were aged 21-40 years. Challenges faced by the COVID-Lab were unstable reagent access and insufficient staff; shifting obligations regarding research, academic instruction, and grantsmanship; and the continuous demands from the public for information on COVID-19. The IICS provided essential testing and reported on the progress of the pandemic. IICS researchers gained better laboratory equipment and expertise in molecular SARS-CoV-2 testing but struggled to manage their conflicting educational and additional research obligations during the pandemic, which affected their productivity. Therefore, policies protecting the time and resources of the faculty and staff engaged in pandemic-related work or research are necessary components of healthcare emergency preparedness.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Prueba de COVID-19 , Pandemias , Paraguay/epidemiología , Vacunación
8.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 47: e140, 2023. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1522110

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Objective. The DoTT (Decreasing Time to Therapy) project aimed to minimize the interval between fever onset and medical interventions for children with febrile neutropenia. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of implementing the DoTT project on the hospital time to antibiotic (TTA) and patient time to arrival (PTA) at the hospital in children with febrile neutropenia admitted to the emergency department. Methods. The DoTT project was implemented at a Peruvian hospital and followed the World Health Organization (WHO) multimodal improvement strategy model. Components included creating a healthcare delivery bundle and antibiotic selection pathways, training users of the bundle and pathways, monitoring patient outcomes and obtaining user feedback, encouraging use of the new system, and promoting the integration of DoTT into the institutional culture. Emergency room providers were trained in the care delivery for children with cancer and fever and taught to use the bundle and pathways. DoTT was promoted via pamphlets and posters, with a view to institutionalizing the concept and disseminating it to other hospital services. Results. Admission data for 129 eligible patients in our registry were analyzed. The TTA and PTA were compared before and after the DoTT intervention. The median TTA was 146 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 97-265 minutes) before the intervention in 99 patients, and 69 minutes (IQR 50-120 minutes) afterwards in 30 patients (p < 0.01). The median PTA was reduced from 1 483 minutes at baseline to 660 minutes after the intervention (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Applying the WHO multimodal improvement strategy model to the care of children with febrile neutropenia arriving at the hospital had a positive impact on the PTA and TTA, thus potentially increasing the survival of these patients.


RESUMEN Objetivo. El proyecto DoTT (Disminuyendo el tiempo a la terapia, sigla en inglés) busca minimizar el intervalo entre el inicio de la fiebre y las intervenciones médicas en la población infantil con neutropenia febril. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la implementación del proyecto DoTT sobre el tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de la fiebre hasta la llegada del paciente (TLP) al hospital y el tiempo transcurrido en el hospital hasta la administración del antibiótico (TAA) en niños con neutropenia febril ingresados en el servicio de urgencias. Métodos. El proyecto DoTT se puso en marcha en un hospital peruano, según el modelo de estrategia multimodal de mejora de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Entre sus componentes se encontraban crear un conjunto de servicios de atención de salud y de algoritmos para la selección de antibióticos; capacitar a los usuarios en la utilización del conjunto de servicios y de los algoritmos; realizar un seguimiento de los resultados de los pacientes y recabar la opinión de los usuarios; fomentar el uso del nuevo sistema; y promover la integración del proyecto en la cultura institucional. Se capacitó al personal de la sala de urgencias en la atención de pacientes pediátricos con cáncer y fiebre, y en el uso del conjunto de servicios y de los algoritmos. Se informó sobre el proyecto DoTT mediante folletos y carteles, con vistas a institucionalizar el concepto y difundirlo a otros servicios hospitalarios. Resultados. Se analizaron los datos de ingreso de 129 pacientes de nuestro registro que cumplían con los requisitos. Se compararon el TAA y el TLP al hospital antes y después de la intervención con las pautas del proyecto DoTT. La mediana del TAA fue de 146 minutos (intervalo intercuartílico [II]: 97-265 minutos) en 99 pacientes antes de la intervención y de 69 minutos (II: 50-120 minutos) en 30 pacientes después de ella (p <0,01). La mediana del TLP disminuyó de 1 483 minutos en el momento de la evaluación inicial a 660 minutos después de la intervención (p <0,01). Conclusiones. La aplicación del modelo de estrategia multimodal de mejora de la OMS a la atención de la población infantil con neutropenia febril que acude al hospital tuvo un efecto positivo sobre el TLP y el TAA, lo que podría aumentar la supervivencia de estos pacientes.


RESUMO Objetivo. O projeto DoTT (Redução do Tempo para o Tratamento, na sigla em inglês) tem como objetivo reduzir ao máximo o intervalo entre o início da febre e as intervenções médicas em crianças com neutropenia febril. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da implementação do projeto DoTT no tempo desde o início da febre até a chegada do paciente (TCP) ao hospital e no tempo no hospital até a administração de antibióticos (TAA) em crianças com neutropenia febril admitidas no departamento de emergência. Métodos. O projeto DoTT foi implementado em um hospital do Peru e seguiu o modelo de estratégia de melhoria multimodal da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Os componentes incluíram a criação de um pacote de prestação de serviços de saúde e de protocolos de seleção de antibióticos, o treinamento de usuários no pacote e nos protocolos de seleção, o monitoramento da evolução dos pacientes e obtenção de feedback dos usuários, o incentivo ao uso do novo sistema e a promoção da integração do DoTT à cultura institucional. Os profissionais do pronto-socorro foram capacitados na prestação de cuidados a crianças com câncer e febre e no uso do pacote e dos protocolos de seleção. O DoTT foi divulgado por meio de panfletos e pôsteres, com o objetivo de institucionalizar o conceito e disseminá-lo para outros serviços hospitalares. Resultados. Foram analisados os dados de internação de 129 pacientes elegíveis em nosso registro. O TAA e o TCP foram comparados antes e depois da intervenção DoTT. O TAA mediano era de 146 minutos (intervalo interquartil: 97-265 minutos) antes da intervenção em 99 pacientes e de 69 minutos (intervalo interquartil: 50-120 minutos) depois da intervenção em 30 pacientes (p < 0,01). O TCP mediano diminuiu de 1483 minutos na linha de base para 660 minutos após a intervenção (p < 0,01). Conclusão. A aplicação do modelo de estratégia multimodal de melhoria da OMS ao atendimento de crianças com neutropenia febril que chegam ao hospital teve um impacto positivo no TCP e no TAA, potencialmente aumentando a sobrevida desses pacientes.

9.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 47: e144, 2023. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1522113

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT The Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) aims to increase the cure rate for children with cancer globally by improving healthcare access and quality. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (St. Jude), and collaborators have joined efforts to improve outcomes of children with cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the CureAll framework. In this article, we describe the process of developing regional resources aimed at accelerating the GICC implementation in LAC. In March 2021, PAHO formed regional working groups to develop core projects aligned with CureAll pillars and enablers. Seven working groups emerged from regional dialogues: early detection, nursing, psychosocial, nutrition, supportive care, treatment abandonment, and palliative care. PAHO arranged regular online meetings under the mentorship and support of St. Jude regional/transversal programs and international mentors. Between April and December 2021, 202 multidisciplinary experts attended 43 online meetings to promote the dialogue between stakeholders to improve childhood cancer outcomes. Fourteen technical outputs were produced: four regional snapshots, four technical documents, two virtual courses, one set of epidemiological country profiles, one educational content series for parents/caregivers, and two communication campaigns. The ongoing dialogue and commitment of PAHO, St. Jude, LAC working committees, and international collaborators are essential foundations to successfully accelerate GICC implementation. This is achievable through the development of materials of regional and global relevance. Further research and evaluation are needed to determine the impact of these strategies and resources on childhood cancer outcomes in LAC and other regions.


RESUMEN La Iniciativa Mundial contra el Cáncer Infantil tiene como objetivo aumentar a nivel mundial la tasa de curación del cáncer infantil mediante la mejora del acceso a la atención de salud y de su calidad. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), el St. Jude Children's Research Hospital y los colaboradores han aunado esfuerzos para mejorar los resultados en la población infantil con cáncer en América Latina y el Caribe valiéndose del marco CureAll. En este artículo describimos el proceso de elaboración de recursos regionales destinados a acelerar la aplicación de la Iniciativa Mundial en América Latina y el Caribe. En marzo del 2021, la OPS formó grupos de trabajo regionales para elaborar proyectos básicos que estuvieran en consonancia con los pilares y los elementos facilitadores del CureAll. De los diálogos regionales surgieron siete grupos de trabajo: detección temprana, enfermería, aspectos psicosociales, nutrición, tratamientos de apoyo, abandono del tratamiento y cuidados paliativos. La OPS organizó con regularidad reuniones virtuales en las que se contó con la tutoría y el apoyo de programas regionales o transversales del St. Jude Children's Research Hospital y de mentores internacionales. Entre abril y diciembre del 2021 hubo 43 reuniones virtuales a las que asistieron 202 expertos multidisciplinarios, con el objetivo de promover el diálogo entre las partes interesadas para mejorar los resultados en materia de cáncer infantil. Se elaboraron catorce productos técnicos: cuatro panoramas regionales, cuatro documentos técnicos, dos cursos virtuales, un conjunto de perfiles epidemiológicos de países, una serie con contenidos educativos para padres y cuidadores y dos campañas de comunicación. El diálogo y el compromiso constantes de la OPS, el St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, los comités de trabajo de América Latina y el Caribe y los colaboradores internacionales son las bases fundamentales para conseguir que se acelere la aplicación de la Iniciativa Mundial. Esto se puede lograr mediante la elaboración de materiales que resulten pertinentes a nivel regional y mundial. Son necesarias más investigaciones y evaluaciones para determinar el impacto que tienen estas estrategias y recursos en los resultados que se obtienen en el cáncer infantil en América Latina y el Caribe y en otras subregiones.


RESUMO A Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil tem como objetivo aumentar a taxa de cura de crianças com câncer no mundo todo, melhorando o acesso a cuidados e a qualidade da assistência médica. A Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), o St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (St. Jude) e colaboradores uniram esforços para melhorar o desfecho de crianças com câncer na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) no âmbito do marco CureAll. Neste artigo, descrevemos o processo de desenvolvimento de recursos regionais com o objetivo de acelerar a implementação da Iniciativa na ALC. Em março de 2021, a OPAS formou grupos de trabalho regionais para desenvolver projetos centrais alinhados com os pilares e facilitadores do CureAll. A partir das reuniões de diálogo regionais, foram criados sete grupos de trabalho: detecção precoce, enfermagem, atenção psicossocial, nutrição, cuidados de suporte, abandono do tratamento e cuidados paliativos. A OPAS organizou reuniões virtuais regulares sob a orientação e o apoio dos programas regionais e transversais do St. Jude e de mentores internacionais. Entre abril e dezembro de 2021, 202 especialistas multidisciplinares participaram de 43 reuniões virtuais para promover o diálogo entre as partes interessadas a fim de melhorar os desfechos do câncer infantil. Foram produzidos 14 materiais técnicos: quatro panoramas regionais, quatro documentos técnicos, dois cursos virtuais, um conjunto de perfis epidemiológicos nacionais, uma série de conteúdo educacional para pais e cuidadores e duas campanhas de comunicação. O diálogo e o compromisso contínuos da OPAS, do St. Jude, dos comitês de trabalho da ALC e dos colaboradores internacionais são bases essenciais para acelerar com sucesso a implementação da Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil. Isso é possível por meio do desenvolvimento de materiais de relevância regional e mundial. São necessárias mais pesquisas e avaliações para determinar o impacto dessas estratégias e recursos nos resultados do câncer infantil na ALC e em outras regiões.

10.
Front Public Health ; 10: 1007769, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36466535

RESUMEN

Infectious complications remain major contributors to adverse outcomes in patients treated for non-communicable disease, particularly in resource limited settings. We performed a 5-year retrospective study of primary bloodstream infections at a dedicated pediatric oncology center in Guatemala. Two hundred and twelve episodes occurring in 194 unique patients qualified for inclusion. Patients required intensive care unit admission in 55% of episodes and death occurred in 24% of episodes. Despite subspecialty support in infectious diseases, poor outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization and mortality, were frequent. Our findings suggest that investments in laboratory and clinical data collection are critical to understanding the contributors to poor outcomes and therefore to improving the quality of bloodstream infection management in resource limited settings.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Sepsis , Humanos , Niño , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Morbilidad , Neoplasias/complicaciones
11.
Support Care Cancer ; 29(12): 7903-7911, 2021 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34189607

RESUMEN

The management of febrile neutropenia (FN) in pediatrics is evolving. Our objective was to describe current practices for the care of patients with FN in pediatric oncology centers in Latin America and identify areas for practice improvement. We used an online survey to enroll eligible healthcare providers who treat children with cancer in Latin America. The survey addressed respondents' characteristics, the environment of care, and FN care practices, including risk assessment, criteria for hospitalization, initial management of FN, evaluation, antibiotic administration, and discharge. From 220 surveys sent, we received 109 responses and selected 108 from 19 countries for analysis. Most (94%) respondents were working in specialized oncology centers, oncology units within a pediatric or general care hospital. The cohort included oncologists (42%) and infectious diseases physicians (30%). Most (67%) respondents had available guidelines; they used a risk-stratification scoring system (73%) for severe infection; and their guidelines had locally adapted risk stratification (34%) or published risk stratification (51%). The respondents used diverse FN definitions and concepts, including fever definitions, temperature-obtaining methods, neutropenia values for assigning risk, empiric antimicrobials administration, and length of hospitalization. Overall, we detected common practices aligning with standard published recommendations, as well as care variability. These findings can guide further evaluations of care resources and practices to prioritize interventions, and professional networks can be used for FN discussions and consensus in Latin America.


Asunto(s)
Neutropenia Febril , Hematología , Niño , Neutropenia Febril/tratamiento farmacológico , Fiebre/tratamiento farmacológico , Fiebre/epidemiología , Fiebre/etiología , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
12.
JCO Glob Oncol ; 7: 659-670, 2021 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33974443

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Time to antibiotic administration (TTA) is a commonly used standard of care in pediatric cancer settings in high-income countries. Effective interventions to improve outcomes in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) often address timely and appropriate antibiotic administration. We assessed the effectiveness of a locally adapted multimodal strategy in decreasing TTA in a resource-constrained pediatric cancer center in Mexico. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study between January 2014 and April 2019. A three-phase (phase I: execution, phase II: consolidation, phase III: sustainability) multimodal improvement strategy that combined system change, FN guideline development, education, auditing and monitoring, mentoring, and dissemination was implemented to decrease TTA in inpatient and ambulatory areas. Sustainability factors were measured by using a validated tool during phases I and III. RESULTS: Our population included 105 children with cancer with 204 FN events. The baseline assessment revealed that only 50% of patients received antibiotics within 60 minutes of prescription (median time: inpatient, 75 minutes; ambulatory, 65 minutes). After implementing our improvement strategy, the percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes of prescription increased to 88%. We significantly decreased median TTA in both clinical areas during the three phases of the study. In phase III (sustainability), the median TTA was 40 minutes (P = .023) in the inpatient area and 30 minutes (P = .012) in the ambulatory area. The proportion of patients with sepsis decreased from 30% (baseline) to 5% (phase III) (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that locally adapted multimodal interventions can reduce TTA in resource-constrained settings. Mentoring and dissemination were novel components of the multimodal strategy to improve FN-associated clinical outcomes. Improving local infrastructure, ongoing monitoring systems, and leadership engagement have been key factors to achieving sustainability during the 5-year period.


Asunto(s)
Neutropenia Febril , Neoplasias , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Neutropenia Febril/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , México , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Prospectivos
14.
JCO Glob Oncol ; 6: 508-517, 2020 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32216650

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Our objective was to provide regionally appropriate, resource-conscious recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia. METHODS: A multinational panel of Central American and Caribbean clinicians who deliver pediatric oncology care prioritized clinically important questions and then used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to provide recommendations on the selected topics. RESULTS: Twenty-two questions and 2 definitions were included in the guideline, which was intended to establish minimum care standards for pediatric patients treated in regional centers. Of all the included studies, 6.9% were conducted in low- and middle-income countries, and no studies were performed in countries represented on the panel. CONCLUSION: The panel made recommendations on the basis of existing evidence but identified important gaps in knowledge from the region and from resource-limited settings that may affect the clinical applicability of these recommendations. These deficiencies suggest a research agenda that will enable future guidelines to be more responsive to the local context.


Asunto(s)
Neutropenia Febril , Neoplasias , Región del Caribe , América Central , Niño , Neutropenia Febril/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Oncología Médica
16.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 20(4): e12913, 2018 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29679436

RESUMEN

Our primary objective was to describe the incidence of proven or probable invasive fungal infections (IFIs), a devastating complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), in HCST in a middle-income country. Secondary objectives were to describe factors associated with IFIs and outcomes. In this single center retrospective study, pediatric patients who underwent a first allogeneic or autologous HSCT from 1998 to 2016 were included. Of the 251 HSCT recipients: 143 transplants were allogeneic and 108 were autologous. Overall, 23 (9%) experienced an IFI, mostly due to yeasts (83%). IFIs were more common in allogeneic HSCT (18/143, 13%) than in autologous HSCT (5/108, 5%; P = .045). Of the 23 patients with IFIs, 14 (61%) died, but only 1 directly from IFI (pulmonary aspergillosis). Overall survival at 3 years was 0.42 ± 0.11 in patients with IFIs and 0.60 ± 0.37 in those without IFIs (P = .049). In Argentina, IFIs during HSCT are common. Recipients of allogeneic HSCT are at higher risk, and IFI is associated with reduced overall survival. Future work should focus on interventions to reduce and improve IFI outcomes in children undergoing transplants in low- and middle-income countries.


Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/efectos adversos , Infecciones Fúngicas Invasoras/epidemiología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Argentina/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/epidemiología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/prevención & control , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Infecciones Fúngicas Invasoras/inmunología , Infecciones Fúngicas Invasoras/prevención & control , Masculino , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/inmunología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Levaduras/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto Joven
17.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 97(9): e0057, 2018 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29489664

RESUMEN

Severe bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization among children younger than 2 years. This study analyzed the prevalence of community-acquired respiratory virus infection and the risk factors for hospitalization of Mexican children with severe bronchiolitis treated in an Emergency department.This retrospective study included 134 children 2 years or younger with severe viral bronchiolitis, and 134 healthy age-matched controls. The study period was September 2012 to January 2015. We determined the viral etiology and coinfections with multiple viruses and compared the risk factors detected in children with severe viral bronchiolitis with those in the control group.A total of 153 respiratory viruses in these 134 patients, single or mixed infections, were identified: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) type A or B was the most frequently detected (23.6% and 17.6%, respectively), followed by rhinovirus (RV; 16.3%) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 3 (12.4%). Coinfections of 2 respiratory viruses were found in 14.2% of cases; all cases had either RSV type A or B with another virus, the most common being parainfluenza virus or rhinovirus. Exposure to cigarette smoking was independently associated with hospitalization for severe bronchiolitis (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.99-6.18; P = .0001), and having completed the vaccination schedule for their age was a protective factor against adverse outcome (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35-0.87; P = .010).RSV is a common infection among young children with severe bronchiolitis; thus, developing a vaccine against RSV is essential. Campaigns to reinforce the importance of avoiding childhood exposure to cigarette smoke are also needed.


Asunto(s)
Bronquiolitis Viral/epidemiología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/epidemiología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano , Bronquiolitis Viral/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
18.
Am J Infect Control ; 44(4): 432-7, 2016 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26775931

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The US National Healthcare Safety Network has provided a definition of mucosal barrier injury-associated, laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI) to improve infection surveillance. To date there is little information about its influence in pediatric oncology centers in low- to middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of the definition on the rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and compare the clinical characteristics of MBI versus non-MBI LCBI cases. METHODS: We retrospectively applied the National Healthcare Safety Network definition to all CLABSIs recorded at a pediatric oncology center in Tijuana, Mexico, from January 2011 through December 2014. CLABSI events were reclassified according to the MBI-LCBI definition. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of MBI and non-MBI CLABSIs were compared. RESULTS: Of 55 CLABSI events, 44% (24 out of 55) qualified as MBI-LCBIs; all were MBI-LCBI subcategory 1 (intestinal flora pathogens). After the number of MBI-LCBI cases was removed from the numerator, the CLABSI rate during the study period decreased from 5.72-3.22 infections per 1,000 central line days. Patients with MBI-LCBI were significantly younger than non-MBI-LCBI patients (P = .029) and had a significantly greater frequency of neutropenia (100% vs 39%; P = .001) and chemotherapy exposure (87% vs 58%; P = .020) and significantly longer median hospitalization (34 vs 23 days; P = .008). CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of CLABSI events at our pediatric cancer center met the MBI-LCBI criteria. Our results support separate monitoring and reporting of MBI and non-MBI-LCBIs in low- to middle-income countries to allow accurate detection and tracking of preventable (non-MBI) bloodstream infections.


Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia/epidemiología , Bacteriemia/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Membrana Mucosa/lesiones , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Países en Desarrollo , Femenino , Hospitales Pediátricos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , México , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos
19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29147140

RESUMEN

E-learning has been widely used in the infection control field and has been recommended for use in hand hygiene (HH) programs by the World Health Organization. Such strategies are effective and efficient for infection control, but factors such as learner readiness for this method should be determined to assure feasibility and suitability in low- to middle-income countries. We developed a tailored, e-learning, Spanish-language HH course based on the WHO guidelines for HH in healthcare settings for the pediatric cancer center in Guatemala City. We aimed to identify e-readiness factors that influenced HH course completion and evaluate HCWs' satisfaction. Pearson's chi-square test of independence was used to retrospectively compare e-readiness factors and course-completion status (completed, non-completed, and never-started). We surveyed 194 HCWs for e-readiness; 116 HCWs self-enrolled in the HH course, and 55 responded to the satisfaction survey. Most e-readiness factors were statistically significant between course-completion groups. Moreover, students were significantly more likely to complete the course if they had a computer with an Internet connection (P=0.001) and self-reported comfort with using a computer several times a week (p=0.001) and communicating through online technologies (p=0.001). Previous online course experience was not a significant factor (p=0.819). E-readiness score averages varied among HCWs, and mean scores for all e-readiness factors were significantly higher among medical doctors than among nurses. Nearly all respondents to the satisfaction survey agreed that e-learning was as effective as the traditional teaching method. Evaluating HCWs' e-readiness is essential while integrating technologies into educational programs in low- to middle-income countries.

20.
Eur J Pediatr ; 175(4): 581-5, 2016 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26608932

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: Limited evidence is available about varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection among pediatric cancer patients in developing countries, which raises questions about the generalizability of VZV vaccine recommendations for pediatric cancer patients (derived from developed countries) to these settings. We assessed the incidence and case-fatality of VZV infection at three institutions in developing countries (Argentina, Mexico, and Nicaragua). Individuals eligible for our study were aged <20 years and actively receiving cancer-directed therapy. We estimated a summary incidence rate (IR) and case-fatality risk with corresponding 95 % confidence limits (CL) of VZV infection across sites using random-effects models. Our study population comprised 511 pediatric cancer patients, of whom 64 % were aged <10 years, 58 % were male, and 58 % were diagnosed with leukemia. We observed a total of 10 infections during 44,401 person-days of follow-up across the 3 sites (IR = 2.3, 95 % CL 1.2, 4.2). The summary case-fatality risk was 10 % (95 % CL 1.4, 47 %) based on one death. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest low incidence and case-fatality of VZV infections among pediatric cancer patients in three developing countries. VZV vaccine recommendations for pediatric cancer patients in developed countries may be generalizable to developing countries. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Current recommendations, based on evidence from pediatric cancer patients in developed countries, contraindicate varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccination until completion of cancer-directed therapy and recovery of immune function. • The generalizability of these VZV vaccine recommendations to pediatric cancer patients in developing countries is unknown because of limited information about the incidence and case-fatality of VZV in these settings. What is New: • Our results suggest low incidence and case-fatality of VZV infections among pediatric cancer patients in three developing countries. • VZV vaccine recommendations based on evidence from pediatric cancer patients in developed countries may be generalizable to pediatric cancer patients in developing countries.


Asunto(s)
Varicela/epidemiología , Herpes Zóster/epidemiología , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiología , Varicela/complicaciones , Varicela/mortalidad , Niño , Preescolar , Países en Desarrollo , Femenino , Herpes Zóster/complicaciones , Herpes Zóster/mortalidad , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Nicaragua/epidemiología , Pediatría , Factores de Riesgo
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