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This study aimed to assess acute and residual changes in sprint-related hamstring injury (HSI) risk factors after a football (soccer) match, focusing on recovery within the commonly observed 72-h timeframe between elite football matches. We used a multifactorial approach within a football context, incorporating optical and ultrastructural microscopic analysis of BFlh (biceps femoris long head) muscle fibres, along with an examination of BFlh fibre composition. Changes in sprint performance-related factors and HSI modifiable risk factors were examined until 3 days after the match (MD +3) in 20 football players. BFlh biopsy specimens were obtained before and at MD +3 in 10 players. The findings indicated that at MD +3, sprint-related performance and HSI risk factors had not fully recovered, with notable increases in localized BFlh fibre disruptions. Interestingly, match load (both external and internal) did not correlate with changes in sprint performance or HSI risk factors nor with BFlh fibre disruption. Furthermore, our study revealed a balanced distribution of ATPase-based fibre types in BFlh, with type-II fibres associated with sprint performance. Overall, the results suggest that a 72-h recovery period may not be adequate for hamstring muscles in terms of both HSI risk factors and BFlh fibre structure following a football match.
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Traumatismos en Atletas , Músculos Isquiosurales , Fútbol , Humanos , Fútbol/lesiones , Fútbol/fisiología , Músculos Isquiosurales/lesiones , Factores de Riesgo , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Factores de Tiempo , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/fisiología , Adulto , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Recuperación de la Función , Carrera/fisiología , Carrera/lesionesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Autoantibodies targeting intracellular proteins are common in various autoimmune diseases. In the context of myositis, the pathologic significance of these autoantibodies has been questioned due to the assumption that autoantibodies cannot enter living muscle cells. This study aims to investigate the validity of this assumption. METHODS: Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy was employed to localise antibodies and other proteins of interest in myositis muscle biopsies. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to examine the transcriptomic profiles of 669 samples, including those from patients with myositis, disease controls and healthy controls. Additionally, antibodies from myositis patients were introduced into cultured myoblasts through electroporation, and their transcriptomic profiles were analysed using RNA sequencing. RESULTS: In patients with myositis autoantibodies, antibodies accumulated inside myofibres in the same subcellular compartment as the autoantigen. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed that muscle biopsies from patients with autoantibodies targeting transcriptional regulators exhibited transcriptomic patterns consistent with dysfunction of the autoantigen. For instance, in muscle biopsies from patients with anti-PM/Scl autoantibodies recognising components of the nuclear RNA exosome complex, an accumulation of divergent transcripts and long non-coding RNAs was observed; these RNA forms are typically degraded by the nuclear RNA exosome complex. Introducing patient antibodies into cultured muscle cells recapitulated the transcriptomic effects observed in human disease. Further supporting evidence suggested that myositis autoantibodies recognising other autoantigens may also disrupt the function of their targets. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that, in myositis, autoantibodies are internalised into living cells, causing biological effects consistent with the disrupted function of their autoantigen.
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Objectives: Myositis is a heterogeneous family of autoimmune muscle diseases. As myositis autoantibodies recognize intracellular proteins, their role in disease pathogenesis has been unclear. This study aimed to determine whether myositis autoantibodies reach their autoantigen targets within muscle cells and disrupt the normal function of these proteins. Methods: Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy was used to localize antibodies and other proteins of interest in myositis muscle biopsies. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to study the transcriptomic profiles of 668 samples from patients with myositis, disease controls, and healthy controls. Antibodies from myositis patients were introduced into cultured myoblasts by electroporation and the transcriptomic profiles of the treated myoblasts were studied by bulk RNA sequencing. Results: In patients with myositis autoantibodies, antibodies accumulated inside myofibers in the same subcellular compartment as the autoantigen. Each autoantibody was associated with effects consistent with dysfunction of its autoantigen, such as the derepression of genes normally repressed by Mi2/NuRD in patients with anti-Mi2 autoantibodies, the accumulation of RNAs degraded by the nuclear RNA exosome complex in patients with anti-PM/Scl autoantibodies targeting this complex, and the accumulation of lipids within myofibers of anti-HMGCR-positive patients. Internalization of patient immunoglobulin into cultured myoblasts recapitulated the transcriptomic phenotypes observed in human disease, including the derepression of Mi2/NuRD-regulated genes in anti-Mi2-positive dermatomyositis and the increased expression of genes normally degraded by the nuclear RNA exosome complex in anti-PM/Scl-positive myositis. Conclusions: In myositis, autoantibodies are internalized into muscle fibers, disrupt the biological function of their autoantigen, and mediate the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still a public health issue. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) creates, in society, stigmatizing attitudes, fear, and discrimination against infected people; even health professionals do not feel trained enough to adequately take care of these patients, which affects the quality of care provided to such patients. The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' attitudes and other related factors toward people with HIV/AIDS, as well as their evolution in subsequent academic years. A cross-sectional study was performed with students in four academic years from four Spanish health sciences institutions (n = 384). Data were collected voluntarily and on an anonymous basis, utilizing the "Nursing students' attitudes toward AIDS" (EASE) validated scale. The students' attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS were relatively positive, with a total mean EASE value of 85.25 ± 9.80. Statistically significant differences were observed according to the academic year (p = 0.041), in 4 out of 21 items of the scale and among students with no religious beliefs. By adjusting every variable, only the weak association with religion was maintained (p = 0.045).
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Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Infecciones por VIH , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , VIH , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The World Health Organization estimates that more than one million people acquire a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) every day, compromising quality of life, sexual and reproductive health, and the health of newborns and children. It is an objective of this study to identify the factors related to a Sexually Transmitted Infection diagnosis in the province of Granada (Spain), as well as those better predicting the risk of acquiring such infections. In this study, 678 cases were analyzed on a retrospective basis, which were treated at the Centre for Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Orientation in Granada, between 2000-2014. Descriptive statistics were applied, and by means of binary logistic regression, employing the forward stepwise-likelihood ratio, a predictive model was estimated for the risk of acquiring an STI. Sex, age, occupation, economic crisis period, drug use, number of days in which no condoms were used, number of sexual partners in the last month and in the last year, and number of subsequent visits and new subsequent episodes were associated with an STI diagnosis (p < 0.05). The risk of being diagnosed with an STI increased during the economic crisis period (OR: 1.88; 95%-CI: 1.28-2.76); during the economic crisis and if they were women (OR:2.35, 95%- CI: 1.24-4.44); and if they were women and immigrants (OR: 2.09; 95%- CI:1.22-3.57), while it decreased with age (OR: 0.97, 95%-CI: 0.95-0.98). Identification of the group comprised of immigrant women as an especially vulnerable group regarding the acquisition of an STI in our province reflects the need to incorporate the gender perspective into preventive strategies and STI primary health care.
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Salud Pública , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Conducta Sexual , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trabajadores Sexuales , Parejas Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , España/epidemiología , Poblaciones VulnerablesRESUMEN
The satisfaction of women with the birth experience has implications for the health and wellness of the women themselves and also of their newborn baby. The objectives of this study were to determine the factor structure of the Women's Views of Birth Labor Satisfaction Questionnaire (WOMBLSQ4) questionnaire on satisfaction with the attention received during birth delivery in Spanish women and to compare the level of satisfaction of pregnant women during the birth process with that in other studies that validated this instrument. A cross-sectional study using a self-completed questionnaire of 385 Spanish-speaking puerperal women who gave birth in the Public University Hospitals of Granada (Spain) was conducted. An exploratory factor analysis of the WOMBLSQ4 questionnaire was performed to identify the best fit model. Those items that showed commonalities higher than 0.50 were kept in the questionnaire. Using the principal components method, nine factors with eigenvalues greater than one were extracted after merging pain-related factors into a single item. These factors explain 90% of the global variance, indicating the high internal consistency of the full scale. In the model resulting from the WOMBLSQ4 questionnaire, its nine dimensions measure the levels of satisfaction of puerperal women with childbirth care. Average scores somewhat higher than those of the original questionnaire and close to those achieved in the study carried out in Madrid (Spain) were obtained. In clinical practice, this scale may be relevant for measuring the levels of satisfaction during childbirth of Spanish-speaking women.
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Encuestas de Atención de la Salud/normas , Satisfacción del Paciente , Satisfacción Personal , Atención Prenatal/normas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud/métodos , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Trabajo de Parto , Parto , Embarazo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , EspañaRESUMEN
This study aimed to analyse the influence of the economic crisis on the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the immigrant population compared to the native population. A cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing 441 clinical records (329 Spanish nationals and 112 non-Spanish nationals) of individuals who, between 2000 and 2014, visited an STI clinic in Granada and tested positive for an infection. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, and infection rates, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The mean age was 28.06 years (SD = 8.30; range = 16-70). During the period 2000-2014, the risk of being diagnosed with an STI was higher among non-Spanish nationals than among Spanish nationals (odds ratio (OR) = 5.33; 95% CI = 4.78-6.60). Differences between both populations were less marked during the crisis period (2008-2014: OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 2.32-3.73) than during the non-crisis period (2000-2007: OR = 12.02; 95% CI = 10.33-16.17). This may be due to underreporting of diagnoses in the immigrant population. Immigrants visiting the STI clinic in Granada are especially vulnerable to positive STI diagnoses compared to the native population.
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Recesión Económica , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Infecciones por VIH , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , Renta , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , España/epidemiología , Poblaciones VulnerablesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare muscle biopsy findings, as well as clinical and analytical features, with those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of muscle in patients with dermatomyositis. METHODS: All patients from the Longitudinal Myopathy Cohort of the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona were prospectively included in the study from 2009 to 2016. MRI images of muscle and fascial oedema were compared with muscle pathology results using both quantitative and semi-quantitative scores. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant association between the inflammatory infiltrate and both muscle (r2=0.54, p=0.001) and fascial oedema (r2=0.54, p<0.001). In addition, muscle oedema was significantly associated with punched-out vacuoles (p=0.04) and muscle enzymes in serum (r2=0.34, p=<0.01 for CK and r2=0.22, p<0.05 for aldolase). The number of treatment drugs received at the time of MRI was inversely associated with the number of muscle inflammatory cells in the biopsy and with both muscle and fascial oedema (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Key MRI findings correlate with the main features of dermatomyositis muscle biopsy results, suggesting that MRI findings could be used as a surrogate marker of disease activity.
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Dermatomiositis , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Enfermedades Musculares , Biopsia , Dermatomiositis/diagnóstico por imagen , Dermatomiositis/patología , Edema , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/patologíaRESUMEN
The advent of flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) has opened an opportunity to create new added-value services. Even though it is clear that these networks share common features with its predecessors, e.g., with mobile ad hoc networks and with vehicular ad hoc networks, there are several unique characteristics that make FANETs different. These distinctive features impose a series of guidelines to be considered for its successful deployment. Particularly, the use of FANETs for telecommunication services presents demanding challenges in terms of quality of service, energy efficiency, scalability, and adaptability. The proper use of models in research activities will undoubtedly assist to solve those challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we review mobility, positioning, and propagation models proposed for FANETs in the related scientific literature. A common limitation that affects these three topics is the lack of studies evaluating the influence that the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) may have in the on-board/embedded communication devices, usually just assuming isotropic or omnidirectional radiation patterns. For this reason, we also investigate in this work the radiation pattern of an 802.11 n/ac (WiFi) device embedded in a UAV working on both the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. Our findings show that the impact of the UAV is not negligible, representing up to a 10 dB drop for some angles of the communication links.
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New verticals within the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm such as smart cities, smart farming, or goods monitoring, among many others, are demanding strong requirements to the Radio Access Network (RAN) in terms of coverage, end-node's power consumption, and scalability. The technologies employed so far to provide IoT scenarios with connectivity, e.g., wireless sensor network and cellular technologies, are not able to simultaneously cope with these three requirements. Thus, a novel solution known as Low Power - Wide Area Network (LP-WAN) has emerged as a promising alternative to provide with low-cost and low-power-consumption connectivity to end-nodes spread in a wide area. Concretely, the Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology is one of the LP-WAN platforms that is receiving greater attention from both the industry and the academia. For that reason, in this work, a comprehensive performance evaluation of LoRaWAN under different environmental conditions is presented. The results are obtained from three real scenarios, namely, urban, suburban, and rural, considering both dynamic and static conditions, hence a discussion about the most proper LoRaWAN physical-layer configuration for each scenario is provided. Besides, a theoretical coverage study is also conducted by the use of a radio planning tool considering topographic maps and a precise propagation model. From the attained results, it can be concluded that it is necessary to evaluate the propagation conditions of the deployment scenario prior to the system implantation in order to reach a compromise between the robustness of the network and the transmission data-rate.
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Antecedentes y Objetivo. La lipoatrofia facial es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA, y se asocia al tratamiento antirretroviral. Consiste en una pérdida anómala de la grasa facial, lo que supone un grave problema personal, laboral y social para estos pacientes, pudiendo provocar falta de adherencia al tratamiento. Para corregirla, cuando está establecida, es preciso el tratamiento mediante infiltración de materiales de relleno. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es evaluar la efectividad y seguridad del tratamiento de la lipoatrofia facial con relleno de gel de poliacrilamida. Material y Método. Realizamos un estudio de seguimiento prospectivo de 1 año en 15 pacientes con lipoatrofia facial grados II-III. Recogemos los efectos secundarios presentados. Analizamos la permanencia del relleno facial medido mediante tomografía axial computarizada y la evolución en el grado de lipoatrofia facial, en el grado de afectación del paciente y en la satisfacción de este tras la intervención. Resultados. En el 100% de los pacientes de la muestra no observamos efectos adversos al año de seguimiento. No encontramos un descenso significativo del espesor del relleno facial ni en la satisfacción de los pacientes al mes y al año del tratamiento. Existió una reducción estadísticamente significativa en el grado de afectación de los pacientes y en su grado de lipoatrofia facial tras el tratamiento, al mes y al año de seguimiento con p < 0.0001. Conclusiones. Según nuestros resultados, el gel de poliacrilamida es un material de relleno seguro y efectivo para el tratamiento de la lipoatrofia facial en pacientes VIH+ en situación clínica estable (AU)
Background and Objective. Facial lipoatrophy is a frequent complication of patients with HIV/AIDS associated with antiretroviral therapy. It consists of an abnormal facial fat loss, which poses a serious personal, occupational and social problem for these patients resulting in a lack of adherence to the treatment. Treatment by infiltration of filling materials is required to correct the established facial lipoatrophy. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of the facial lipoatrophy treatment filled with polyacrylamide gel. Methods. A one-year prospective follow-up study is carried out in 15 patients with facial lipoatrophy grades II-III. Side effects are measured. The permanence of the facial filler is analyzed by TAC and the evolution in facial lipoatrophy grades, in the degree of involvement of the patient and its satisfaction after surgery. Results. A 100% of the sample did not portray any side effects in the year of monitoring. A significant decrease in the thickness of the facial filler or in the satisfaction of the patients could not be found a month and a year after the treatment. There is a statistically significant decline in the degree of involvement of the patient and the extent of facial lipoatrophy after treatment with p < 0.0001. Conclusions. Polyacrylamide gel is a safe and effective filling material for the facial lipoatrophy treatment of in HIV+ patients in stable clinical situation (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rellenos Dérmicos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Lipodistrofia/cirugía , Cara/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Administración Cutánea , Técnicas CosméticasRESUMEN
The emergence of low-cost connected devices is enabling a new wave of sensorization services. These services can be highly leveraged in industrial applications. However, the technologies employed so far for managing this kind of system do not fully cover the strict requirements of industrial networks, especially those regarding energy efficiency. In this article a novel paradigm, called Low-Power Wide Area Networking (LP-WAN), is explored. By means of a cellular-type architecture, LP-WAN-based solutions aim at fulfilling the reliability and efficiency challenges posed by long-term industrial networks. Thus, the most prominent LP-WAN solutions are reviewed, identifying and discussing the pros and cons of each of them. The focus is also on examining the current deployment state of these platforms in Spain. Although LP-WAN systems are at early stages of development, they represent a promising alternative for boosting future industrial IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) networks and services.