Impacto de la formación en pacientes con diabetes y/o hipertensión para la prevención de la enfermedad renal y cardiovascular en el ámbito de Atención Primaria / Impact of training in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension for the prevention of renal and cardiovascular disease in primary care

Introducción: La prevalencia de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) ha aumentado a nivel global (8-16%), debido principalmente a la incidencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y de hipertensión arterial (HTA). La educación o formación de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas se considera una herramienta fundamental para prevenir el empeoramiento de estas. Objetivos: 1) Determinar si la asistencia a la formación de pacientes con hipertensión y/o diabetes, influye en la progresión o el desarrollo del deterioro de la función renal. 2) Valorar la asociación de la función renal con HTA, DM2 y la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares, analizando la influencia del grado de control de la presión arterial (PA) y la hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c). 3) Estudiar la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de cohortes retrospectivo llevado a cabo en un Centro de Salud de Leganés, Madrid, utilizando bases de datos de pacientes con hipertensión, diabetes y ambas patologías a la vez (n = 200), asistentes o no a la formación del equipo médico durante los años 2017 a 2019. Resultados: Recibieron formación 120 de 200 pacientes (67,5% mujeres). Sólo en estos se observó una mejoría de la función renal acompañada de una reducción de las cifras de presión arterial (PA) y HbA1c, donde se apreció un mejor control y seguimiento de la enfermedad, siendo más destacada en pacientes con una sola patología, especialmente aquellos con hipertensión. Conclusiones: La formación de los pacientes resultó beneficiosa para prevenir el deterioro de la función renal, mediante la reducción de las cifras de PA y HbA1c, y fue más evidente en aquellos que partieron de un peor control de ambas. Se demostró la asociación de la evolución de la función renal con HTA y DM2 (AU)

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased globally (8–16%), mainly due to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hypertension (HT). Education or training programs for patients with chronic diseases is considered a fundamental tool to prevent their worsening. Objectives: (1) To determine whether attendance at training for patients with HT and/or diabetes affects the progression of the deterioration of renal function. (2) To assess the association of renal function with HT, DM2 and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, analyzing the influence of the control degree of blood pressure (BP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). (3) To study the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Material and methods: Retrospective analytical observational cohort study carried out in a Primary Care Center in Leganés, Madrid, using databases of patients with HT, diabetes and both pathologies simultaneously (n = 200), attending or not to the training of the medical team during the years 2017–2019. Results: 120 of 200 patients received training (60% women). Only in these patients, an improvement of renal function was observed. This was accompanied by a reduction in BP and HbA1c levels, being more prominent in patients with a single pathology, especially hypertensive patients. Conclusions: Training of patients was beneficial to prevent the deterioration of renal function, by means of the reduction of the BP and HbA1c. It was more evident in those who started from a worse control of both parameters. Association of renal function evolution with HT and DM2 was demonstrated (AU)

[Impact of training in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension for the prevention of renal and cardiovascular disease in primary care]. / Impacto de la formación en pacientes con diabetes y/o hipertensión para la prevención de la enfermedad renal y cardiovascular en el ámbito de Atención Primaria.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased globally (8-16%), mainly due to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hypertension (HT). Education or training programs for patients with chronic diseases is considered a fundamental tool to prevent their worsening. OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine whether attendance at training for patients with HT and/or diabetes affects the progression of the deterioration of renal function. (2) To assess the association of renal function with HT, DM2 and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, analyzing the influence of the control degree of blood pressure (BP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). (3) To study the occurrence of cardiovascular events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analytical observational cohort study carried out in a Primary Care Center in Leganés, Madrid, using databases of patients with HT, diabetes and both pathologies simultaneously (n = 200), attending or not to the training of the medical team during the years 2017-2019. RESULTS: 120 of 200 patients received training (60% women). Only in these patients, an improvement of renal function was observed. This was accompanied by a reduction in BP and HbA1c levels, being more prominent in patients with a single pathology, especially hypertensive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Training of patients was beneficial to prevent the deterioration of renal function, by means of the reduction of the BP and HbA1c. It was more evident in those who started from a worse control of both parameters. Association of renal function evolution with HT and DM2 was demonstrated.

Natural radioactivity in groundwater and estimates of committed effective dose due to water ingestion in the state of Chihuahua (Mexico).

The activity concentration of 222Rn, 226Ra and total uranium in groundwater samples collected from wells distributed throughout the state of Chihuahua has been measured. The values obtained of total uranium activity concentration in groundwater throughout the state run from <0.03 up to 1.34 Bq l-1. Generally, radium activity concentration was <0.16 Bq l-1, with some exceptions; in spring water of San Diego de Alcalá, in contrast, the value reached approximately 5.3 Bq l-1. Radon activity concentration obtained throughout the state was from 1.0 to 39.8 Bq l-1. A linear correlation between uranium and radon dissolved in groundwater of individual wells was observed near Chihuahua City. Committed effective dose estimates for reference individuals were performed, with results as high as 134 microSv for infants in Aldama city. In Aldama and Chihuahua cities the average and many individual wells showed activity concentration values of uranium exceeding the Mexican norm of drinking water quality.

Radon concentrations in ground and drinking water in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico.

This paper reports (222)Rn concentrations in ground and drinking water of nine cities of Chihuahua State, Mexico. Fifty percent of the 114 sampled wells exhibited (222)Rn concentrations exceeding 11Bq/L, the maximum contaminant level (MCL) recommended by the USEPA. Furthermore, around 48% (123 samples) of the tap-water samples taken from 255 dwellings showed radon concentrations over the MCL. There is an apparent correlation between total dissolved solids and radon concentration in ground-water. The high levels of (222)Rn found may be entirely attributed to the nature of aquifer rocks.