RESUMEN
Encephalocele is defined as protrusion of cranial contents beyond the normal confines of the skull. Although most encephalocele cases have a congenital etiology, fractures of the skull base can cause traumatic encephalocele. In most encephalocele cases, the bone defect presents reduced dimensions and the endoscopic treatment is generally performed to reconstruct the area using mucosal and/or fat grafts. This article sought to report on a rare case of traumatic encephalocele associated with an extensive defect of the anterior skull base. This case was treated via transcranial access, and reconstruction was performed using titanium mesh in conjunction with a pericranium flap.
RESUMEN
Lichen planus is a common disorder of the stratified squamous epithelium that affects oral and genital mucous membranes, skin, nails, and scalp. Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) affects middle-aged women and shows distribution patterns and characteristics such as white striations, white plaques or papules, erythema, blisters and erosions, and may be associated with medication and/or dental materials used by the patient. The clinical diagnosis can only be made if the disease presents classical patterns such as concomitant lesions in the oral mucosa and skin. The laboratory diagnosis is histopathologically characterized by the presence of projections of the epithelium in the form of sawtooth and Civatte bodies and allows the exclusion of dysplasia and malignancy. Direct immunofluorescence is used when there is suspicion of other diseases, such as pemphigus and pemphigoid. OLP is treated with anti-inflammatory agents, particularly topical corticosteroids; new agents and techniques have proved effective. The malignant transformation of OLP and its exact incidence remain controversial. This work aims at presenting, through literature review, the etiopathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, laboratory tests, and complications of OLP.
Asunto(s)
Liquen Plano Oral/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Directa , Humanos , Liquen Plano Oral/complicaciones , Liquen Plano Oral/patologíaRESUMEN
O líquen plano é uma desordem comum do epitélio escamoso estratificado que acomete as mucosas oral e genital, a pele, as unhas e o couro cabeludo. O líquen plano oral (LPO) afeta mulheres de meiaidade e apresenta padrões e distribuição característicos, como estriações brancas, pápulas ou placas brancas, eritema, erosões e bolhas, que podem estar associadas a medicações e/ou materiais dentários no paciente. O diagnóstico clínico somente poderá ser feito se a doença apresentar padrões clássicos, como lesões concomitantes na mucosa oral e na pele. O diagnóstico laboratorial por meio do exame histopatológico se caracteriza pela presença de projeções do epitélio em forma de dentes de serra e corpos de Civatte, e possibilita excluir condições de displasia e malignidade. A imunofluorescência direta é utilizada em suspeita de outras doenças, como pênfigo e penfigoide. O LPO é tratado com agentes anti-inflamatórios, principalmente, corticosteroides tópicos, e novos agentes e técnicas têm-se demonstrado eficazes. A transformação maligna do LPO e sua incidência exata permanecem controversas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar, com base na revisão da literatura, a etiopatogenia, o diagnóstico clínico, exames complementares e complicações do LPO.
Lichen planus is a common disorder of the stratified squamous epithelium that affects oral and genital mucous membranes, skin, nails, and scalp. Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) affects middle-aged women and shows distribution patterns and characteristics such as white striations, white plaques or papules, erythema, blisters and erosions, and may be associated with medication and/or dental materials used by the patient. The clinical diagnosis can only be made if the disease presents classical patterns such as concomitant lesions in the oral mucosa and skin. The laboratory diagnosis is histopathologically characterized by the presence of projections of the epithelium in the form of sawtooth and Civatte bodies and allows the exclusion of dysplasia and malignancy. Direct immunofluorescence is used when there is suspicion of other diseases, such as pemphigus and pemphigoid. OLP is treated with anti-inflammatory agents, particularly topical corticosteroids; new agents and techniques have proved effective. The malignant transformation of OLP and its exact incidence remain controversial. This work aims at presenting, through literature review, the etiopathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, laboratory tests, and complications of OLP.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Liquen Plano Oral/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Directa , Liquen Plano Oral/complicaciones , Liquen Plano Oral/patologíaRESUMEN
O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar uma modificação na técnica para moldagem unitária de implantes, com a criação de uma retenção adicional em forma de hélice, realizada em resina acrílica, sobre o transfer quadrado. A transferência com hélice para implantes ou abutments tem a finalidade de aumentar a retenção no material de moldagem e funcionar como um dispositivo anti-rotacional, preservando a posição original do hexágono durante os atos de moldagem, colocação dos análogos e vazamento do gesso.
