[Cardiometabolic disease patterns among elderly patients with colorectal cancer in China].

Objective: To explore the distribution patterns of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) in elderly patients with colorectal cancer, and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular metabolic diseases in these patients. Methods: Clinical data of 3 894 elderly patients with colorectal cancer from January 2008 to March 2018 admitted in the Chinese PLA General Hospital were recruited and the incidence rate of CMD was retrospectively analyzed. The influence factors of elderly patients with colorectal cancer combined with CMD were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model. Results: The morbidity rate of CMD in elderly patients with colorectal cancer is 33.4% (1 301/3 894), among them, the morbidity rate of the male was 31.9% (768/2 409), and that of the female was 35.9% (533/1 485). There was not significant difference between these two sex (P=0.074). The morbidity rates of CMD in patients of 65-74 years, 75-84 years and ≥85 years were 30.6% (754/2 462), 37.0% (479/1 294) and 49.3% (68/138), respectively, with significant differences (P<0.001). Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that female (OR=1.213, 95%CI: 1.056-1.394), age (75-84 years group: OR=1.344, 95%CI: 1.164-1.552; ≥85 years group: OR=2.345, 95%CI: 1.651-3.331) and body mass index (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) group: OR=1.319, 95%CI: 1.065-1.638; ≥25 kg/m(2) group: OR=2.041, 95%CI: 1.627-2.561) were independent risk factors for elderly colorectal cancer patients with CMD. Conclusion: The morbidity rate of CMD in elderly patients with colorectal cancer increases with age and it is urgent to strengthen multidisciplinary cooperation and develop reasonable treatment plans to extend the survival and life quality of these patients.

[Distribution characteristics of blood pressure in Hainan centenarians].

Objective: To explore the blood pressure levels and the influencing factors of hypertension among Hainan centenarians, and provide basic data for the further blood pressure related studies of the centenarian population. Methods: The baseline data were from China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study (CHCCS). This cross-sectional data, based on the community population, was a complete sample study of centenarians, including questionnaire survey, physical examination and physiological index detection. A total of 1 002 centenarians were recruited to describe the blood pressure level. According to the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in Chinese adults in 2018, the prevalence of hypertension was analyzed. Results: The median levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure and pulse pressure were 152.0, 76.0 and 76.5 mmHg, respectively. Blood pressure level was higher in females than in males. The prevalence of hypertension was 71.9%, mainly in isolated systolic hypertension with the prevalence of 60.1%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk of hypertension in women was higher than that in men (OR=1.624, 95%CI: 1.155-2.283), and the risk of hypertension in the northern (OR=0.625, 95%CI: 0.434-0.901) and central areas (OR=0.586, 95%CI: 0.346-0.993) was lower than that of the Eastern. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension, mainly in isolated systolic hypertension, showing gender and regional distribution differences.

[Association between serum albumin level and health-related quality of life in Hainan centenarians: a cross-sectional study].

Objective: To investigate the association between serum albumin levels and health-related quality of life in centenarians in Hainan province, China. Methods: We conducted a full sample centenarian cohort study in a community population in Hainan from 2014 to 2016, which included 1 002 centenarians for questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and biological tests. The EQ-5D-VAS scale was used to evaluate health-related quality of life, and multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association between serum albumin levels and health-related quality of life. Results: There was a positive linear relationship between serum albumin levels and EQ-5D/VAS score. The normalized ß values in the fully adjusted model was 0.156 (P<0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, after fully adjusting the covariates, the risk of health related life quality impairment in the lower albumin group was 2.369 times(95%CI: 1.424-3.939) than that in the higher albumin group. Gender stratified analyses showed that the OR was 4.406 (95%CI: 1.537-12.631) in male centenarians and 2.035 (95%CI: 1.125-3.680) in female centenarians. Conclusion: Lower serum albumin level was associated with impaired health-related quality of life in centenarians in Hainan.

[Distribution characteristics of blood lipid profile in Hainan centenarians].

Objective: To explore the prevalence of lipid profile and the influencing factors of dyslipidemia in centenarians in Hainan province, and provide basic data for the study of the lipid profile in centenarians. Methods: The data of this study were from the baseline data of China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study from June 2014 to December 2016. A total of 1 002 centenarians were recruited. According to the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults in 2016, the prevalence of lipid profile were described and the prevalence of dyslipidemia with different clinical classifications were compared, and the main influencing factors were analyzed. Results: The median levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were 4.60 mmol/L, 1.05 mmol/L, 2.77 mmol/L and 1.41 mmol/L, respectively, in centenarians in Hainan. Blood lipid profile level was higher in females than in males. With the increase of BMI, TC, TG and LDL-C increased significantly, while HDL-C decreased significantly. The total prevalence of dyslipidemia was 19.1%. Smoking, BMI and area distribution were the main influencing factors of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in centenarians in Hainan was at a low level compared with other countries, and the blood lipid profile level was higher in females than in males.

[Reference intervals for anemia-related routine blood test indicators in Hainan oldest-old and Hainan centenarians].

Objective: To investigate reference intervals for anemia-related routine blood test indicators in Hainan oldest-old and Hainan centenarians. Methods: A cross-sectional data set of China Hainan Centenarians Cohort Study (CHCCS) was used. Household interview, physical examinations, and blood sample analysis were conducted in accordance with standardized procedures. The hemoglobin level, red blood cell count, and hematocrit were analyzed with automatic biochemical analyzer and the reference intervals were determined following CLSI C28-A3 guidelines using a non-parametric method. Results: A total of 715 centenarians, including 137 males (19.2%), and 767 long-lived individuals aged ≥80 years, including 312 males (40.7%), were surveyed. The reference interval of hemoglobin level was 89.1-173.5 g/L in males and 94.4-146.0 g/L in females, respectively, in long-lived individual group. The reference interval of hemoglobin level was 68.4-145.6 g/L in males and 81.0-140.0 g/L in females, respectively, in centenarian group. Conclusion: The reference intervals of hemoglobin level, red blood cell count, and hematocrit were set for the first time for the oldest-old and centenarians in Hainan, which was lower than that currently used in adults.

[Relationship between obesity related anthropometric indicators and depression risk in Hainan centenarians].

Objective: To analyze the association of waist circumference, BMI, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, calf circumference and waist-calf circumference ratio (WCR) with depression risk in centenarians in Hainan province. Methods: A total of 1 002 centenarians in Hainan were selected by cluster sampling. GDS-15 was used to investigate the depression. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlation between anthropometric indicators and depression risk. Restricted cubic spline was used to analyze and visualize the linear relationship. Results: After adjusting demographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnic group, marital status, educational level and type of residence) and lifestyle (smoking and drinking), the standard ß of BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, calf circumference and WCR associated with GDS-15 were -0.069, -0.032,0.009, -0.009, -0.099 and 0.060, respectively, and the P values of BMI and calf circumference were <0.05. With the increase of calf circumference, the risk of depression decreased, OR value was 0.94 (95% CI:0.90-0.98), and after adjustment, the results were still significant. Classified variable analysis indicated with the decrease of calf circumference and the increase of WCR, the risk of depression increased gradually, the trend P values were 0.038 and 0.042, respectively. Conclusion: Central obesity (waist circumference and WCR) and periphery obesity (calf circumference) have differed effects on depression in centenarians, and increased calf circumference is a protective factor for depression in female centenarians, attention should be paid to the mental health of the elderly women with lower calf circumference.

[Epidemic characteristics and trend analysis of the COVID-19 in Hubei province].

Objective: By describing and analyzing the epidemic characteristics and trends of the attack rate, the crude mortality and relevant indexes in Hubei province during the pandemic of COVID-19 to provide comprehensive evaluations of the epidemic trends and the effects of intervention measures. Methods: Based on the case data reported in Hubei province during the COVID-19 epidemic, combined with the important time of major interventions and event, the cumulative attack rate, the sequential increase rate of new cases, baseline increase rate of new cases, the observation- confirmed case conversion rate, the cumulative crude mortality, the daily severe case rate, and the ratio of death to severe were used to describe and analyze the epidemic characteristics in different phases of the COVID-19 epidemic. Results: The epidemic experienced an outbreak phase from January 10 to February 3 with large amount of case reported, a peak phase from February 4 to February 19 with continuous increasing number of new cases and deaths, a platform phase from February 20 to March 3 with balanced diagnosis and treatment number, and a descending phase from March 4 to March 18 with decreased diagnosis and increased treatment number. Up to March 18, the cumulative attack rate of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei province increased from 0.03/10 000 on January 19 to 11.46/10 000, from 0.04/10 000 on January 10 to 45.13/10 000 in Wuhan city, and from 0.002/ 10 000 on January 20 to 3.70/ 10 000 in other areas of Hubei province other than Wuhan city. The increase rate of new cases fluctuated during the epidemic period and reached the highest at February 12 in Hubei province. The cumulative crude mortality in Hubei Province increased rapidly from 1.01% on January 19 to 5.13% on January 26, then decreased to 2.54% on February 13, and then slowly increased to 4.62% on March 18, and similar trend was also observed in Wuhan city. The daily severe rate in Hubei Province increased from 26.88% on January 27 to 34.27% on March 18. The ratio of death to severe decreased from 7.37% on January 23 to 0.35% on March 18. Conclusions: The epidemic cycle of COVID-19 in Hubei province proposed to be 60 days, which was about 1.76 times of the combination of the longest incubation period or isolation period (14 d) and the average hospitalization time of confirmed patients in Hubei province (20 d). It suggested that the major anti-epidemic decisions made in China were effective.

Application of γ-PGA as the primary carbon source to bioremediate a TCE-polluted aquifer: A pilot-scale study.

The effectiveness of using gamma poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) as the primary carbon and nitrogen sources to bioremediate trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater was studied in this pilot-scale study. γ-PGA (40 L) solution was injected into the aquifer via the injection well (IW) for substrate supplement. Groundwater samples were collected from monitor wells and IW and analyzed for TCE and its byproducts, geochemical indicators, dechlorinating bacteria, and microbial diversity periodically. Injected γ-PGA resulted in an increase in total organic carbon (TOC) (up to 9820 mg/L in IW), and the TOC biodegradation caused the formation of anaerobic conditions. Increased ammonia concentration (because of amine release from γ-PGA) resulted in the neutral condition in groundwater, which benefited the growth of Dehalococcoides. The negative zeta potential and micro-scale diameter of γ-PGA allowed its globule to distribute evenly within soil pores. Up to 93% of TCE removal was observed (TCE dropped from 0.14 to 0.01 mg/L) after 59 days of γ-PGA injection, and TCE dechlorination byproducts were also biodegraded subsequently. Next generation sequence (NGS) analyses were applied to determine the dominant bacterial communities. γ-PGA supplement developed reductive dechlorinating conditions and caused variations in microbial diversity and dominant bacterial species. The dominant four groups of bacterial communities including dechlorinating bacteria, vinyl chloride degrading bacteria, hydrogen producing bacteria, and carbon biodegrading bacteria.

Emulsified polycolloid substrate biobarrier for benzene and petroleum-hydrocarbon plume containment and migration control - A field-scale study.

The objective of this field-scale study was to assess the effectiveness of applying an emulsified polycolloid substrate (EPS; containing cane molasses, soybean oil, and surfactants) biobarrier in the control and remediation of a petroleum-hydrocarbon plume in natural waters. An abandoned petrochemical manufacturing facility site was contaminated by benzene and other petroleum products due to a leakage from a storage tank. Because benzene is a petroleum hydrocarbon with a high migration ability, it was used as the target compound in the field-scale study. Batch partition and sorption experiment results indicated that the EPS to water partition coefficient for benzene was 232 mg/mg at 25 °C. This suggests that benzene had a higher sorption affinity to EPS, which decreased the benzene concentrations in groundwater. The EPS solution was pressure-injected into three remediation wells (RWs; 150 L EPS in 800 L groundwater). Groundwater samples were collected from an upgradient background well, two downgradient monitor wells (MWs), and the three RWs for analyses. EPS injection increased total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations (up to 786 mg/L) in groundwater, which also resulted in the formation of anaerobic conditions. An abrupt drop in benzene concentration (from 6.9 to below 0.04 mg/L) was observed after EPS supplementation in the RWs due to both sorption and biodegradation mechanisms. Results show that the EPS supplement increased total viable bacteria and enhanced bioremediation efficiency, which accounted for the observed decrease in benzene concentration. The first-order decay rate in RW1 increased from 0.003 to 0.023 d-1 after EPS application. Injection of EPS resulted in significant growth of indigenous bacteria, and 23 petroleum-hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial species were detected, which enhanced the in situ benzene biodegradation efficiency. Results demonstrate that the EPS biobarrier can effectively contain a petroleum-hydrocarbon plume and prevent its migration to downgradient areas, which reduces the immediate risk presented to downgradient receptors.