The mental health impacts of human-ecosystem-animal relationships: A systematic scoping review of Eco-, Planetary, and One Health approaches.

The threats to human and animal health, biodiversity conservation, and our living planet's future are ever-present and increasingly more severe due to climate change and environmental degradation. There is an emerging discourse exploring the mental health dimensions contained within these changes. To better understand and respond to these impacts requires novel and creative methodological approaches built on conceptual frameworks that integrate perspectives from the social and natural sciences. Three of the most influential interdisciplinary frameworks at the human-animal-ecosystem interface include: One Health, EcoHealth, and Planetary Health. These frameworks report mental health as an integral component within overall health-related outcomes. However, a comprehensive synthesis of the state of the literature that examines how mental health is explored within these approaches does not currently exist. A systematic scoping review was therefore conducted to obtain clear understandings of patterns, gaps, and broad themes, and to highlight future research needs and considerations. Standardized PRISMA guidelines, including explicitly defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and dual screening/extractions, were used. 13 papers were included: seven using the One Health Framework, with Planetary and EcoHealth each represented by three. Trends observed include a predominate focus on companion animals as interventions, "sense of place" used as a component of mental well-being, and non-physical health-related measurements of animal well-being as an outcome within One Health research. The lack in retrieved studies also highlight the dearth in literature on mental health as a pillar of these three well established frameworks. Compiling what is known in the evidence-base as a launching point for scientific engagement, this review describes guidance for investigators on how to conduct mental health research within these framework parameters so that future studies can elucidate mechanisms underpinning the intersections between the biosphere and human mental-health and data-driven interventions and policy recommendations that simultaneously address mental health and global change can be proposed and enacted.

Global nutrition security: the role of Veterinary Services.

Disparities in nutrition security and the harmful health effects of malnutrition are pronounced as the world's population continues to rise and nutrition-related development falls short of targets. This paper discusses the importance of animal source foods (ASFs) in global nutrition security and the roles that Veterinary Services play in enhancing availability of and equitable access to ASFs. The first section of this paper reviews the nutritional value of ASFs and disparities in global consumption patterns. It also presents the biological basis for ASF-derived nutrition, its importance throughout the human lifecycle and the negative effects of both under- and overnutrition. The second section discusses the various roles of Veterinary Services along the pathway from terrestrial livestock production to positive outcomes in nutrition security. It addresses the importance of Veterinary Services in improving production efficiencies in extensive livestock systems as well as the contributions of Veterinary Services to integrated approaches for improved human and livestock health and security. Gaps between ASF availability and nutrition security are then discussed along with the importance of closing these gaps by targeting smallholders and women. The paper concludes with recommendations for incorporating targeted, nutrition-sensitive approaches in Veterinary Services to help populations vulnerable to nutrition insecurity gain more equitable access to ASFs as part of sustainable healthy diets.

A mesure que la population mondiale s'accroît, les disparités d'accès à la sécurité nutritionnelle et les effets nocifs pour la santé de la malnutrition s'accentuent, tandis que les évolutions en lien avec la nutrition demeurent en deçà des objectifs. Les auteurs examinent l'importance des denrées alimentaires d'origine animale pour la sécurité nutritionnelle mondiale ainsi que le rôle joué par les Services vétérinaires pour garantir une meilleure disponibilité et un accès équitable à ces denrées. Dans la première partie de leur article, les auteurs soulignent la valeur nutritionnelle des denrées alimentaires d'origine animale et font le point sur les disparités des structures de consommation dans le monde. Ils expliquent également la base biologique de l'apport nutritionnel des denrées d'origine animale ainsi que l'importance de ces dernières à chaque étape de la vie humaine, en analysant les effets négatifs induits tant par la sous-nutrition que par la surnutrition. Dans la deuxième partie, ils examinent les divers rôles des Services vétérinaires le long du processus allant de la production d'animaux d'élevage terrestres à l'obtention de résultats favorables en termes de sécurité nutritionnelle. Leur analyse souligne l'importance des Services vétérinaires dans l'amélioration des performances des systèmes d'élevage extensifs ainsi que leur contribution à la mise en oeuvre de méthodes intégrées visant à améliorer la santé et la sécurité des populations humaines et des cheptels. Les auteurs examinent ensuite les écarts entre la disponibilité des denrées alimentaires d'origine animale et la sécurité nutritionnelle, ainsi que l'importance de résorber ces écarts au moyen d'interventions ciblées visant spécifiquement les petits exploitants et les femmes. Les auteurs concluent en recommandant que les Services vétérinaires intègrent des méthodes ciblées et axées sur les priorités nutritionnelles afin que les populations exposées à l'insécurité nutritionnelle puissent accéder de manière plus équitable aux denrées alimentaires d'origine animale, dans le cadre d'une alimentation saine et durable.

Hoy, a la vez que la población mundial sigue creciendo y que aún quedan lejos las metas de desarrollo vinculadas a la nutrición, se acentúan las disparidades de seguridad nutricional y las negativas consecuencias sanitarias de la malnutrición. Los autores exponen la importancia que revisten los alimentos de origen animal para la seguridad nutricional mundial y las funciones que cumplen los Servicios Veterinarios a la hora de mejorar la disponibilidad de alimentos de origen animal y potenciar un acceso equitativo a ellos. En la primera sección, los autores exponen el valor nutricional de los alimentos de origen animal y la disparidad existente en el mundo en cuanto a regímenes alimentarios. También presentan la base biológica de una nutrición derivada de alimentos de origen animal, su importancia a lo largo del ciclo vital de las personas y los efectos perjudiciales que tienen tanto la desnutrición como la sobrealimentación. En la segunda sección presentan las diversas funciones que incumben a los Servicios Veterinarios en el proceso que va de la producción de ganado terrestre a la obtención de resultados positivos de seguridad nutricional. Así, destacan la importancia de los Servicios Veterinarios para mejorar la eficiencia productiva de los sistemas de ganadería extensiva, así como su contribución a planteamientos integrados que aporten un mayor grado de salud y seguridad a personas y animales. Después exponen el desfase existente entre la disponibilidad de alimentos de origen animal y la seguridad nutricional, así como la importancia de corregir estas deficiencias, apuntando selectivamente a los pequeños productores y las mujeres. A modo de conclusión, formulan recomendaciones para que los Servicios Veterinarios incorporen lógicas de trabajo por objetivos que tengan en cuenta las cuestiones de nutrición, a fin de ayudar a las poblaciones expuestas a la inseguridad nutricional a lograr un acceso más equitativo a alimentos de origen animal como parte de una alimentación sana sostenible.

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Lateral Malleolus Treated with Intralesional Curettage and Masquelet Technique: A Case Report.

An aneurysmal bone cyst is a locally destructive lesion considered to be a pseudotumor arising from the bone. Although this benign-like lesion is generally considered rare, several approaches for treatment have been presented. We report a case involving a 15-year-old female diagnosed with aneurysmal bone cyst of the lateral malleolus. Applying the Masquelet technique enabled the treatment of the lesion without causing instability to the ankle joint and the prevention of recurrence through the application of polymethylmethacrylate. To our knowledge this is the first documented case in our region and possibly in the Philippines.

Faecal parasites increase with age but not reproductive effort in wild female chimpanzees.

Energy investment in reproduction is predicted to trade off against other necessary physiological functions like immunity, but it is unclear to what extent this impacts fitness in long-lived species. Among mammals, female primates, and especially apes, exhibit extensive periods of investment in each offspring. During this time, energy diverted to gestation and lactation is hypothesized to incur short and long-term deficits in maternal immunity and lead to accelerated ageing. We examined the relationship between reproduction and immunity, as measured by faecal parasite counts, in wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of Kibale National Park, Uganda. While we observed higher parasite shedding (counts of eggs, cysts and larvae) in pregnant chimpanzees relative to cycling females, parasites rapidly decreased during early lactation, the most energetically taxing phase of the reproductive cycle. Additionally, while our results indicate that parasite shedding increases with age, females with higher fertility for their age had lower faecal parasite counts. Such findings support the hypothesis that the relatively conservative rate of female reproduction in chimpanzees may be protective against the negative effects of reproductive effort on health. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.