Rapid growth rate is associated with poor prognosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) represents the most common form of skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma, and can be both locally invasive and metastatic to distant sites. Growth rate (GR) has been poorly evaluated in cSCC, despite clinical evidence suggesting that GR is an important risk factor in cSCC. AIM: To analyse the influence of GR in cSCC prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated GR in a series of 90 cSCCs and tried to correlate GR with prognosis in cSCC. RESULTS: We demonstrated that tumours with a GR of > 4 mm/month exhibit a higher risk of nodal progression and a shorter progression time to lymph node metastasis in cSCC than those with GR of < 4 mm/month. As expected, GR correlated with tumour proliferation, as determined by Ki-67 expression. CONCLUSIONS: We consider a GR of 4 mm/month as the cutoff point that distinguishes between rapid- and slow-progressing tumours and, more importantly, to identify a subset of high-risk cSCCs.

MicroRNA (miR)-203 and miR-205 expression patterns identify subgroups of prognosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most widespread cancer in humans and its incidence is rising. These tumours can evolve as diseases of poor prognosis, and therefore it is important to identify new markers to better predict its clinical evolution. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) at different stages of skin cancer progression in a panel of murine skin cancer cell lines. Owing to the increasing importance of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer, we considered the possibility that miRNAs could help to define the prognosis of CSCC and aimed to evaluate the potential use of miR-203 and miR-205 as biomarkers of prognosis in human tumours. METHODS: Seventy-nine human primary CSCCs were collected at the University Hospital of Salamanca in Spain. We identified differential miRNA expression patterns at different stages of CSCC progression in a well-established panel of murine skin cancer cell lines, and then selected miR-205 and miR-203 to evaluate their association with the clinical prognosis and evolution of human CSCC. RESULTS: miR-205 was expressed in tumours with pathological features recognized as indicators of poor prognosis such as desmoplasia, perineural invasion and infiltrative growth pattern. miR-205 was mainly expressed in undifferentiated areas and in the invasion front, and was associated with both local recurrence and the development of general clinical events of poor evolution. miR-205 expression was an independent variable selected to predict events of poor clinical evolution using the multinomial logistic regression model described in this study. In contrast, miR-203 was mainly expressed in tumours exhibiting the characteristics associated with a good prognosis, was mainly present in well-differentiated zones, and rarely expressed in the invasion front. Therefore, the expression and associations of miR-205 and miR-203 were mostly mutually exclusive. Finally, using a logistic biplot we identified three clusters of patients with differential prognosis based on miR-203 and miR-205 expression, and pathological tumour features. CONCLUSIONS: miR-205 and miR-203 tended to exhibit mutually exclusive expression patterns in human CSCC. This work highlights the utility of miR-205 and miR-203 as prognostic markers in CSCC.

CD133+ cell content correlates with tumour growth in melanomas from skin with chronic sun-induced damage.

BACKGROUND: Melanoma is responsible for almost 80% of the deaths attributed to skin cancer. Stem cells, defined by CD133 expression, have been implicated in melanoma tumour growth, but their specific role is still uncertain. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the phenotypic heterogeneity of human cutaneous melanomas is related to their content of CD133+ cells. METHODS: We compared the percentages of CD133+ cells in 29 tumours from four classic types of melanoma: lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma and acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM). Also, we compared the percentages of CD133+ cells in melanomas with different degrees of exposure to ultraviolet radiation: 16 melanomas from skin with chronic sun-induced damage and 13 melanomas from skin without such damage. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant increase of CD133+ cells in three different contexts: in melanomas arising on skin with signs of chronic sun-induced damage vs. nonexposed skin, in melanomas in situ vs. invasive melanomas, and in LMM vs. ALM. The proportions of CD133+ cells did not differ among samples of normal skin with different degrees of sun exposure. A distinct subpopulation of CD133+CXCR4+ cancer stem cells (CSCs) was identified and shown to be related to the invasive phenotype of the tumours. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we provide evidence showing, for the first time, that an increase in the CD133+ cell content is associated both with melanomas arising on skin with signs of chronic sun-induced damage and in melanomas in situ with better prognosis. Moreover, our study further confirms the existence of a subpopulation of CD133+CXCR4+ CSCs in cutaneous melanomas with invasive phenotype and poor prognosis.

Actinomicosis del labio, una localización excepcional / Actinomycosis of the Lip: An Exceptional Site

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Siringomas eruptivos familiares / Familial eruptive syringomas

Los siringomas eruptivos generalizados son tumores relativamente raros que afectan a la superficie anterior del cuerpo. Generalmente aparecen en lainfancia y son de curso benigno. De forma ocasional regresan espontáneamente y presentan pobre respuesta a los tratamientos.La forma familiar de siringomas eruptivos es una manifestación aún más rara. Es aconsejable tenerlos en cuenta entre los diagnósticos diferencialescuando se observen lesiones papulosas en niños, con el fin de identificarlos e instaurar el tratamiento más adecuado.Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 25 años con siringomas eruptivos familiares en el cuello, pared anterior del tórax y axilas. Las lesiones se iniciaroncon la primera gestación, exacerbándose durante la segunda gestación de forma considerable (AU)

Generalized eruptive syringoma is a relatively rare popular dermatosis, involving anterior surface of the body. Usually arise in childhood, with a benignevolution. Occasionally spontaneous regression is reported as well as a poor response to treatments.Familiar eruptive syringoma is a rare clinical form, differential diagnosis of papular eruptions are observed in childhood.A 25-year-old woman with familial eruptive syringomas on the neck, anterior thorax and axillae is reported. The lesions had appeared after the firstgestation, and during the second gestation its have been increased (AU)

[Spontaneous cutaneous umbilical endometriosis]. / Endometriosis cutánea umbilical espontánea.

Endometriosis consists of extrauterine endometrial growths. Although it is usually located in the pelvis it can also be found in other sites. Endometriosis of the skin is rare and the most frequent form develops over gynecologic or obstetric scars, although it may also appear spontaneously in the umbilical area. We present a 39-years-old woman with an umbilical nodule as a clinically characteristic form of spontaneous cutaneous endometriosis. The histopathological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis.

Endometriosis cutánea umbilical espontánea / Spontaneous cutaneous umbilical endometriosis

La endometriosis consiste en la presencia de tejido endometrial extrauterino. Aunque su localización habitual es intrapélvica, puede localizarse en otros lugares. La localización cutánea es rara, y la forma más frecuente aparece sobre cicatrices ginecológicas u obstétricas, aunque puede manifestarse de forma espontánea en la zona umbilical. Presentamos una mujer de 39 años con un nódulo en la región umbilical como forma clínica característica de la endometriosis cutánea espontánea. El examen histopatológico permitió confirmar el diagnóstico de endometriosis

Endometriosis consists of extrauterine endometrial growths. Although it is usually located in the pelvis it can also be found in other sites. Endometriosis of the skin is rare and the most frequent form develops over gynecologic or obstetric scars, although it may also appear spontaneously in the umbilical area. We present a 39-years-old woman with an umbilical nodule as a clinically characteristic form of spontaneous cutaneous endometriosis. The histopathological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis

Carcinoma basocelular vulvar: una rara localización del cáncer de piel más frecuente / Basocellular cancer of the vulva: a rare location for one of the most frequent types of skin cancer

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