Association between phase angle and adverse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A systematic review.

Phase angle, obtained by bioelectrical impedance, is an indicator of cellular integrity and has been proposed as a prognostic parameter in patients who are critically ill. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between phase angle and adverse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). An extensive literature search was performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, with interest in observational studies evaluating the association between phase angle and adverse clinical outcomes in individuals aged ≥18 years hospitalized with COVID-19. Studies were independently selected by two reviewers, according to eligibility criteria. Subsequently, data were extracted and presented in a qualitative synthesis. The evaluation of the quality of the studies was performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The full methodology was published in PROSPERO (ID CRD42022306177). A total of 392 articles were identified, resulting in seven selected studies, of which six were prospective cohorts and one was retrospective. In the quality assessment, six studies obtained scores equal to or greater than seven, indicating a low risk of bias. A total of 750 participants composed the samples of the selected studies. Five studies reported an independent association between phase angle and adverse clinical outcomes during hospitalization for COVID-19, with emphasis on prolonged hospitalization and mechanical ventilation and higher mortality in patients with a lower phase angle. Thus, phase angle measurement can be useful in the early identification of risks in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, for the purpose of adequacy of clinical management.

Reproducibility of an endurance test for master swimmers

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to verify the reproducibility of an endurance test for master swimmers. Methods: Seventeen male swimmers, aged from 30 to 50 years (35.06 ± 5.36), weight (78.71 ± 13.06 kg), height (174.35 ± 0.07 cm), participated in this study. The participants underwent the Progressive Swim Test (PSwT), which corresponds to swimming progressively to exhaustion in a 25-meter pool, guided by the recording of sound signals indicating the swimming rhythm. We verified the following variables: heart rate before the test (BHR) and right after the end of the test (AHR), followed by the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and a total of laps performed (SN - swimming number). For comparison between the three days of tests, the one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's Post-Hoc was performed. Relative reproducibility was performed by the r test and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Absolute reproducibility was determined using the coefficient of variation (CV) and the confidence interval (CI). Results: The results showed high reproducibility in (PSwT) in master swimmers in the analyzed variables of intergroup and intragroup with relative reproducibility of r > 0.60 and ICC > 0.70 and absolute reproducibility with CI 95% (lower −1.10 and upper 0.99) and CV < 10%. Most of the cases were within the limits of agreement of the Bland-Altman tests, all variables were considered a level of significance with (p <0.05). Conclusion: The Progressive Swim Test (PSwT) is a reproducible instrument in the assessment of endurance in master swimmers.

Effect of physical training in obese patients with low back pain: a systematic review / Efeito do treinamento físico em obesos com lombalgia: revisão sistemática / Efecto del entrenamiento físico en pacientes obesos con dolor de la región lumbar: revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the hypoalgesic effect of exercises in obese patients with low back pain. Methods: From the methodological point of view, this is a systematic review study supported by the PRISMA guidelines (2020). Only clinical trials with defined eligibility criteria were included and the methodological evaluation was carried out using the Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool. Results: Four clinical trials were found, which underwent an assessment of risk of bias and were mostly categorized as moderate risk of bias or with some concerns. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and total resistance or lumbar spine extension exercises were shown to be effective for pain control, quality of life, and functional performance in obese individuals. On the other hand, the exercises alone did not produce a decrease in body composition. Level of evidence I; Systematic review.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer o efeito hipoalgésico dos exercícios em pessoas obesas com lombalgia. Métodos: Do ponto de vista metodológico, é um estudo de revisão sistemática amparado pelas diretrizes do PRISMA (2020). Foram incluídos apenas estudos clínicos com critérios de elegibilidade definidos e a avaliação metodológica foi realizada com a ferramenta Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0). Resultados: Foram encontrados quatro estudos clínicos que passaram por avaliação de risco de viés, sendo a maior parte dos estudos categorizada como risco moderado de viés ou some concerns. Conclusões: Os exercícios do tipo moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) e resistência total ou extensão de coluna lombar mostram eficácia no controle da dor, na qualidade de vida e no desempenho funcional de indivíduos obesos. Por outro lado, os exercícios de forma isolada não apresentaram diminuição da composição corporal. Nível de evidência I; Revisão sistemática.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer el efecto hipoalgésico de los ejercicios en pacientes obesos con dolor en la región lumbar. Métodos: Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática respaldado por las directrices PRISMA (2020). Sólo se incluyeron ensayos clínicos con criterios de elegibilidad definidos y la evaluación metodológica se realizó con la herramienta Risk Of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0). Resultados: Se encontró que cuatro ensayos clínicos fueron sometidos a la evaluación de riesgo de sesgo, y la mayoría de los estudios fueron categorizados como de riesgo de sesgo moderado o some concerns. Conclusiones: Los ejercicios tipo moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) y de resistencia total o de extensión de la columna lumbar muestran eficacia en el control del dolor, la calidad de vida y el desempeño funcional de individuos obesos. Por otro lado, los ejercicios aislados no mostraron una disminución en la composición corporal. Nivel de evidencia I; Revisión sistemática.

Differences in Nervous Autonomic Control in Response to a Single Session of Exercise in Bodybuilders Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids.

Considering the role of autonomic nerve activity in blood pressure control, this study aimed to investigate the cardiac autonomic nerve responses after an aerobic exercise session in Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) users. Twenty men (AAS, n = 9; control group, n = 11) performed an aerobic exercise session (60 min, 70 to 80% of HRmax). Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed before and during a 60-min post-exercise recovery period. RMSSD (root mean square successive difference of the RR intervals) and the LF/HF ratio (low frequency/high frequency spectra) were also evaluated. The Student's t-test for independent samples was used to compare differences between initial group characteristics. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare pre- and post-exercise HRV recovery (p < 0.05). AAS had a lower SDNN (standard deviation of the intervals) (40.8 ± 16.8 vs. 71.6 ± 24.7 ms; p = 0.04, d = 1.4) and a higher LF/HF (3.4 ± 2.1 vs. 1.8 ± 0.9%; p = 0.03, d = 0.9) before exercise. AAS and controls had similar RMSSD (14.0 ± 15.8 vs. 18.9 ± 12.1 ms; p = 0.20) and a LF/HF (2.8 ± 1.6 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2 ms; p = 0.41) immediately post-exercise. The between-groups comparison revealed a higher HF/LF at 30 min (4.3 ± 1.4 vs. 2.5 ± 1.3%; p = 0.008, d = 1.3) and 60 min (5.0 ± 2.2 vs. 2.3 ± 0.8%; p = 0.001, d = 1.6) for the AAS group in the recovery time. This study demonstrated impaired parasympathetic activity at rest and immediately after the exercise session as an adverse effect of AAS usage, but similar behavior regarding the restoration of sympathetic activity.

Supplementation with Spirulina platensis Prevents Uterine Diseases Related to Muscle Reactivity and Oxidative Stress in Rats Undergoing Strength Training.

Strength training increases systemic oxygen consumption, causing the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn, provokes oxidative stress reactions and cellular processes that induce uterine contraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Spirulina platensis (SP), an antioxidant blue algae, on the contractile and relaxation reactivity of rat uterus and the balance of oxidative stress/antioxidant defenses. Female Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (CG), trained (TG), and T + supplemented (TG50, TG100) groups. Reactivity was analyzed by AQCAD, oxidative stress was evaluated by the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and the antioxidant capacity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Strength training increased contractile reactivity and decreased the pharmaco-mechanical component of relaxing reactivity in rat uterus. In addition, training decreased oxidation inhibition in the plasma and exercise increased oxidative stress in the uterine tissue; however, supplementation with algae prevented this effect and potentiated the increase in antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this study demonstrated that food supplementation prevents changes in reactivity and oxidative stress induced by strength training in a rat uterus, showing for the first time, that the uterus is a target for this exercise modality and antioxidant supplementation with S. platensis is an alternative means of preventing uterine dysfunction.

Reality and Virtual: Hemodynamic Variables and Rating of Perceived Exertion Between Dance Sessions and Active Videogame Just Dance in Women.

Objective: To analyze the hemodynamic variables and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between an active videogame (AVG) session and a dance session. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 university women between 18 and 30 years of age, physically active and having some kind of experience with dancing. The volunteers participated in the two sessions held on different days, the first with an active dance videogame and the other with a dance instructor, both lasting 50 minutes, with a sequence of songs and moderate intensity. For the evaluation of the two sessions, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and RPE measurements were taken before and every 10 minutes, until the time for each modality (AVG or dance) was completed. The Shapiro-Wilk and Levene test were used for normal data. For the comparison of two sessions, the two-way ANOVA test was used for repeated measures, and were considered to have a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: There were significant differences in HR [F(6, 96) = 2.606, P = 0.02, η2 P = 0.140], from 10 to 50 minutes (P < 0.01), and diastolic BP [F(6, 84) = 1.858, P = 0.10, η2 P = 0.117], as well as, in the 20th minute (P = 0.02) between Just Dance 2016® and a dance session. All the variables analyzed showed an effect size as large in the classification of the degree of magnitude. Conclusion: There are similarities between the virtual and real dance sessions regarding hemodynamic variables and RPE. Thus, AVGs, especially Just Dance®, may be a favorable option for individuals who wish to exercise at home.

Effects of a Single Oral Megadose of Vitamin D3 on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress markers in overweight and obese women with deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D. METHODS: Twenty-nine overweight or obese women who had a deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D were placed into two groups according to VD3 intervention. Patients in the supplemented group received a single oral megadose of VD3 (VD3, n=14). Patients in placebo group received a single oral identical capsule without vitamin D (placebo, n = 15). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed at baseline and after 4-weeks intervention. RESULTS: Anthropometric variables (waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio and body mass index) were similar between groups (p > 0.05). VD3 supplementation increased the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p=0.000), malondialdehyde (p=0.021) and C-reactive protein (p=0.043) in overweight and obese women. Additionally, VD3 supplementation reduced the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, p=0.035), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, p<0.0001) in overweight and obese women. Despite this, the serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), fasting glucose (FG), and alpha-1- acid glycoprotein (A1GPA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: In summary, a single oral megadose of VD3 increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels but did not improve oxidative stress and inflammation markers.

Potentially obesogenic diets alter metabolic and neurobehavioural parameters in Wistar rats: a comparison between two dietary models.

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies related to the obesity pandemic have intensified in recent years, being the animal studies are also considered of great relevance. However, despite the fact that many diets have been reported in the literature to induce obesity in animal models, there is still a gap regarding evidence of the efficacy of these models, considering not only changes in somatic parameters, but also the triggering of comorbidities associated with obesity. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of western and cafeteria diets as obesity-inducing protocols, focusing on the evaluation of metabolic, somatic, oxidative, histological and behavioural parameters of Wistar rats. METHODS: The rats were fed a control (CON), western (WTD) or cafeteria (CAF) diet for 16 weeks. RESULTS: The CAF diet caused anxiogenic-like behaviour. Body mass (BMI), Lee and adiposity indices increased in the CAF group. CAF and WTD diets reduced glucose and insulin tolerance, caused dyslipidemia, increased lipid peroxidation and decrease antioxidant capacity in the liver, kidneys and brain. The WTD and CAF groups shows greater IL-6 protein expression in adipose tissue, developed hepatic steatosis and ischaemic neurons, whereas interstitial nephritis was observed only in the CAF group. CONCLUSION: The CAF diet was most effective in inducing obesity, as shown both by the somatic parameters and by the greater number of obesity-related metabolic and neurobehavioural disorders in the evaluated rats.

Association between values of anthropometric indicators, Total Antioxidant Capacity and Malondialdehyde in adults: a population-based study

Background: Research regarding the correlation between obesity and oxidative stress is important due to the health complications they entail and elucidating this association through the waist-to-height ratio is of great interest because it is an important anthropometric indicator of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases’ risk associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the association between waist-to-height ratio and total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde values in adults. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 265 individuals from a municipality in northeastern Brazil. Epidemiological data were collected, and anthropometric and biochemical evaluations were performed. To achieve the objectives proposed by the study, linear regression was performed. Results: In the total sample, more than half of the participants were overweight or obese. The mean value of 54 cm (SD±10) waist-to-height ratio, with the majority of adults (65.28%) presenting with slight elevation waist-to-height ratio. A correlation was found between waist-to-height ratio and BMI with the values of total antioxidant capacity (t= -2.96; p=0.003) and malondialdehyde (t=2.87, p=0.004), as well as LDL (t=3.19, p=0.002), triglycerides (t=3.17; p=0.002). Conclusion: Abdominal obesity, reflected by a slight elevation in the waist-to-height ratio, corroborated by BMI was indicated as an aggravating factor in oxidative stress increase because it was positively related with malondialdehyde values and negatively with total antioxidant capacity values in this adult population. (AU)

Pro12Ala Polymorphism on the PPARγ2 Gene and Weight Loss After Aerobic Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene in response of a training program on the body composition. Sixty-nine previously inactive men and women (32.8 ± 8.2 years) were genotyped and underwent a 12-week aerobic (running/walking) training program (3-5 sessions, 40 - 60 min per session, and intensity between the aerobic and anaerobic threshold) (experimental group n = 53) or were part of the control group (n = 16). They were tested for aerobic capacity (ergospirometry), body composition (DXA), abdomen, waist and hip circumferences and nutritional assessment before and 48 h after the experimental protocol. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA test was used to verify possible differences in variables between the experimental vs. control groups or Pro/Pro vs. Pro/Ala groups, and the Chi-squared test was used to verify the distribution of responders and non-responders according to genotype (p < 0.05). Frequencies of 75.5% Pro/Pro (n = 40) and 24.5% Pro/Ala (n = 13) were found, without any occurrence of the recessive homozygote. Body fat reduction was initially confirmed compared to a control group which did not exercise (n = 16; 29.1 ± 8.8 years), so that the exercise group obtained a reduction of -1.3 kg vs. -0.3 kg in the control group (p = 0.03). When they were divided by genotype, there were significant changes in fat mass (-1.3 ± 2.1 kg; p = 0.00), lean mass (0.6 ± 1.5 kg; p = 0.02), fat percentage (-1.3 ± 1.6; p = 0.00), waist circumference (-2.2 ± 2.9 cm; p = 0.00), abdomen circumference (-3.3 ± 3.6 cm; p = 0.00) and hip circumference (-2.7 ± 2.7 cm; p = 0.00) for Pro/Pro genotypes; and fat mass (-1.1 ± 1.7 kg; p = 0.04), fat percentage (-0.9 ± 1.5; p = 0.04), abdomen circumference (-3.9 ± 3.5 cm; p = 0.00) and hip circumference (-1.8 ± 1.8 cm; p = 0.00) for Pro/Ala genotypes, without any group interaction differences. The Chi squared test revealed no differences in the distribution of responders or non-responders according to genotype. It is concluded that an aerobic training program promotes weight loss, but the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ2 gene does not influence the variability of aerobic-induced exercise weight loss.

Relationship of the Pro12Ala Polymorphism on the PPARy2 Gene With the Body Composition of Practitioners of Cyclic Exercises.

This study aimed to verify the association between the genotypic of the receptor gene activated by peroxisome proliferators gamma 2 (PPARy2) and the body composition and the specific indicators of adiposity in practitioners physical exercises, considering nutritional intake, age, and training load as influencing factors. It was conducted a cross-sectional study with 335 adults (47.9 ± 12.7 years, 138 men, body mass index/BMI = 27.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2), practitioners of aerobic exercises in cyclical modalities (running, walking and/or cycling, who spent 328.3 ± 193.6 kcal/day on physical training). The genotyping of the Pro12Ala polymorphism was performed using the PCR-RFLP technique and the body composition measured by bioimpedance (InBody 720). Energy expenditure was based on the compendium of physical activities and caloric intake was measured by 24 h recall questionnaire. The higher prevalence was for the Pro/Pro genotype (76.1% vs. 23.9% of Pro/Ala). Pro/Pro genotypic group showed significant higher mean values for body mass (BM) (p < 0.03 for men and p < 0.02 for women) and BMI (p < 0.00 for men and p < 0.02 for women) and %FAT (p < 0.00), waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p < 0.04), and visceral fat (VF) (p < 0.00) only in men compared to Pro/Ala. Higher frequency of Pro/Pro was observed in the category indicating BMI (p < 0.00 for men and p < 0.03 for women), WRH (p < 0.03 for men and p < 0.00 for women), and %FAT (p < 0.03) (in the latter case, only among men. It was also observed that the frequency of distribution of Pro/Ala in the eutrophic category of the BMI remained independent of all influencers, while WHR and %FAT were independent of the training load, but influenced by nutritional intake and age. In women, the frequency of Pro/Ala distribution at the lowest BMI and WHR values remained independent of all confounding variables. It is concluded that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARy2 gene consistently influences indicators of body composition and adiposity, regardless of the practitioners of physical training, but the relationship needs to be considered according to age and nutritional intake.

A Guinea Pig Model of Airway Smooth Muscle Hyperreactivity Induced by Chronic Allergic Lung Inflammation: Contribution of Epithelium and Oxidative Stress.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease of the airways characterized by chronic inflammation associated with bronchial and smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness. Currently, different murine models for the study of asthma show poor bronchial hyperresponsiveness due to a scarcity of smooth muscle and large airways, resulting in a failure to reproduce smooth muscle hyperreactivity. Thus, we aimed to standardize a guinea pig model of chronic allergic lung inflammation mimicking airway smooth muscle hyperreactivity observed in asthmatics (Asth). Animals were randomly divided into a control group (Ctrl), which received saline (0.9% NaCl), and the Asth group, subjected to in vivo sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) nebulization. Morphological analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was evaluated by nebulization time in the fifth, sixth, and seventh inhalations (NT5-7) and tracheal isometric contractions were assessed by force transducer. Total antioxidant capacity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and protein expression by Western blot. Histologically, the Asth group developed peribronchial cellular infiltrate, epithelial hyperplasia and smooth muscle thickening. After the fourth nebulization, the Asth group developed bronchial hyperreactivity. The trachea from the Asth group contracted after in vitro stimulation with OVA, differing from the Ctrl group, which showed no response. Additionally, airway smooth muscle hyperreactivity to carbachol and histamine was observed in the Asth group only in intact epithelium preparations, but not to KCl, and this effect was associated with an augmented production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, lung inflammation impaired the relaxant potency of isoproterenol only in intact epithelium preparations, without interfering with nifedipine, and it was found to be produced by transforming growth factor-ß negative modulation of ß adrenergic receptors and, furthermore, big-conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels. These effects were also associated with increased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases but not extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 or phosphorylation, and augmented α-actin content as well, explaining the increased smooth muscle mass. Furthermore, pulmonary antioxidant capacity was impaired in the Asth group. Therefore, we developed a standardized and easy-to-use, reproducible guinea pig model of lung inflammation that mimics airway smooth muscle hypercontractility, facilitating the investigation of the mechanisms of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma and new therapeutic alternatives.

Influence of menopause on body fat induced by aerobic training

AIMS :to compare the influence of menopause on body fat, induced by a physical training program. METHODS: Twenty-one sedentary women, 10 postmenopausal (MN; 54.6 ± 5.1 years, 42.9 ± 4.1 % body fat) and 11 in the ovulatory state (OS; 35.1 ± 5.4 years, 44.1 ± 5.5 % body fat), performed a training program with aerobic exercise (12 weeks, five times / week, 60 minutes per session). Before and after this program, the following measurements were taken: sum of skin fold (∑D), body fat percentage (%F), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and abdominal circumference (AC). RESULTS: MN and OS significantly reduced ΣD (38.5 ± 25.1 mm and 27.7 ± 19.4 mm, respectively), but without differences between the groups. MN group women obtained relative reduction in the suprailiac fold, significantly greater than OS (25 ± 10 vs. 11.5 ± 12 mm), and also a greater reduction in the %F (13.5 ± 8% vs. 6.6 ± 6%). There were very slight reductions in WHR in both groups (0.009 ± 0.02 and 0.005 ± 0.03 in MN and OS, respectively), as well as AC (reduction of 3.5 ± 3 cm and 3.9 ± 2.9 cm for MN and OS), with no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: The postmenopausal women responded to a training program with a greater reduction of body fat, but in only one of four evaluated body composition variables.(AU)

Influence of resistance training on blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome and menopause.

This study investigated the chronic and acute influence of resistance exercise on blood pressure in women with metabolic syndrome before and after climacteric. Twenty sedentary women, nine non-menopausal (RNM) and 11 menopausal (RM), performed training for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, 23 controls, 11 not menopausal (CNM) and 12 menopausal (CM), remained sedentary. Blood pressure was measured before and after the training period in conditions of rest and after a session of exercise. Training promoted variations in blood pressure at rest from 116±13 to 118±10 mmHg (p=0.73) and from 128±12 mmHg to 120±11mmHg (p=0.12) in RNM and RM, respectively. CNM and CM varied from 115±11 to 116±12 mmHg (p=0.9) and from 115±14 mmHg to 116±13 mmHg (p=0.74). Blood pressure values in one acute session did not differ between groups (p>0.05). Resistance training did not improve blood pressure in women with metabolic syndrome, regardless of climacteric.

Treinamento aeróbio não altera pressão arterial de mulheres menopausadas e com síndrome metabólica / Aerobic training does not alter blood pressure in menopausal women with metabolic syndrome

FUNDAMENTO: A Hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma condição tanto agravante quanto agravada pela Síndrome Metabólica (SM). A menopausa pode tornar o tratamento da hipertensão mais difícil porque é uma condição que favorece a piora nos componentes da SM. Embora existam evidências de que o treinamento com exercícios físicos reduza a pressão arterial, se as condições da menopausa e da SM afetam os benefícios induzidos pelo exercício é algo ainda não evidenciado. OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio na pressão arterial entre mulheres com SM não menopausadas e menopausadas. MÉTODOS: Foram recrutadas 44 mulheres divididas em quatro grupos experimentais: controle não menopausada (CNM: 39,5 ± 1,1 anos, n = 11); controle menopausada (CM: 54,9 ± 1,7 anos, n = 12); aeróbio não menopausada (ANM: 43,1 ± 2,1 anos, n = 11) e aeróbio menopausada (AM: 52,1 ± 1,6 anos, n = 10). Os grupos de exercício realizaram treinamento aeróbio durante três meses, cinco vezes por semana, com intensidade entre 60% e 70% da frequência cardíaca de reserva. A pressão arterial de repouso e a resposta pressórica clínica após 60 minutos de exercício foram medidas antes e após o período treinamento. O teste de ANOVA de dois fatores foi usado, considerando p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: O programa de treinamento resultou em redução da gordura abdominal, glicemia e melhora do VO2 máx. Em comparação aos valores pré-intervenção, Pressão Arterial Sistólica (PAS) e Pressão Arterial Diastólica (PAD) não se alteraram após o treinamento nos grupos CNM, CM, ANM e AM (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Três meses de treinamento aeróbio melhora componentes da SM, mas não altera a pressão arterial de repouso, nem a resposta pressórica aguda após uma sessão de exercício aeróbio em mulheres com SM.

BACKGROUND: Arterial Hypertension (AH) is an aggravating condition for Metabolic Syndrome (MS), as well as being aggravated by it. Menopause can make hypertension treatment more difficult, as it favors the worsening of MS components. Although there is evidence that exercise training reduces blood pressure, whether menopause and SM affect the exercise-induced benefits is yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of aerobic training on blood pressure in non-menopausal and menopausal women with MS METHODS: A total of 44 women were recruited and divided into four groups: non-menopausal control (NMC: 39.5 ± 3.6 years, n = 11); menopausal control (MC: 54.9 ± 5.9 years, n = 12), non-menopausal aerobics (NMA: 43.1 ± 6.8 years, n = 11) and menopausal aerobics (MA: 52.1 ± 5 years, n = 10). The exercise groups performed aerobic training for three months, five times a week, at an intensity between 60% and 70% of heart rate reserve. The resting blood pressure and blood pressure response after 60 minutes of exercise were measured before and after the training period. The two-way ANOVA test was used, considering a p value < 0.05. RESULTS: The training program resulted in a decrease in abdominal fat, blood glucose and improved VO2 max. Compared to pre-intervention values, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) did not change after training in NMC, MC, MA and NMA groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Three months of aerobic training improved MS components, but did not alter resting blood pressure or the BP response after an acute exercise session in women with MS.

Aerobic training does not alter blood pressure in menopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Arterial Hypertension (AH) is an aggravating condition for Metabolic Syndrome (MS), as well as being aggravated by it. Menopause can make hypertension treatment more difficult, as it favors the worsening of MS components. Although there is evidence that exercise training reduces blood pressure, whether menopause and SM affect the exercise-induced benefits is yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of aerobic training on blood pressure in non-menopausal and menopausal women with MS METHODS: A total of 44 women were recruited and divided into four groups: non-menopausal control (NMC: 39.5 ± 3.6 years, n = 11); menopausal control (MC: 54.9 ± 5.9 years, n = 12), non-menopausal aerobics (NMA: 43.1 ± 6.8 years, n = 11) and menopausal aerobics (MA: 52.1 ± 5 years, n = 10). The exercise groups performed aerobic training for three months, five times a week, at an intensity between 60% and 70% of heart rate reserve. The resting blood pressure and blood pressure response after 60 minutes of exercise were measured before and after the training period. The two-way ANOVA test was used, considering a p value < 0.05. RESULTS: The training program resulted in a decrease in abdominal fat, blood glucose and improved VO2 max. Compared to pre-intervention values, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) did not change after training in NMC, MC, MA and NMA groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Three months of aerobic training improved MS components, but did not alter resting blood pressure or the BP response after an acute exercise session in women with MS.