Optimizing resources: financial evaluation of flow diverters versus stent assisted coiling in large and giant cerebral aneurysm management in Brazil public health system.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral aneurysms, especially large and giant aneurysms, pose challenges in neurointerventional surgery. Treatment choices involve clinical presentation, aneurysm details, and global resource variations. Neurointerventional methods, while innovative, may be cost restrictive in certain regions. In public healthcare, cost is crucial, notably in countries like Brazil. This study examines the device specific cost estimation of flow diverters (FD) and traditional stent assisted coiling (SAC) for large and giant cerebral aneurysms, providing insights into optimizing neurosurgical interventions within the Brazilian public health system's unique challenges. METHODS: A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted at our medical center of cases of large and giant aneurysms treated between 2013 and 2023. Determination of the estimated number of coils for aneurysms previously treated with FDs at our center was made, with the cost of each case, and the difference between both treatments was calculated. RESULTS: We investigated the profiles of 77 patients: 40 had large aneurysms (51.9%) and 37 had giant aneurysms (48.1%). Large aneurysms had a mean cost difference of US$274 (standard deviation (SD) $2071), underscoring the device specific cost estimation of FDs over SAC in their treatment. For giant aneurysms, the mean cost difference increased to $6396 (SD $2694), indicating FDs as the more economically sound choice. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that, for the treatment of giant aneurysms and some large aneurysms, the FD intervention was more economical than SAC.

Hormetic Effect Caused by Sublethal Doses of Glyphosate on Toona ciliata M. Roem.

This study aimed to evaluate the response of Toona ciliata seedlings to sublethal doses of glyphosate. The increasing use of glyphosate in agriculture concerns the scientific community, as the drift of this pollutant into aquatic systems or atmospheric currents can affect non-target species. Therefore, we need to understand how non-target species respond to small doses of this herbicide. T. ciliata seedlings (clone BV-1110) were exposed to sublethal doses of glyphosate (0, 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8 g ae ha-1). Anatomical, physiological, and photochemical analyses were performed 60 days after herbicide application, and growth assessments were carried out after 160 days of cultivation. We found that sublethal doses of glyphosate above 19.2 g ae ha-1 induced toxicity symptoms in Toona ciliata leaves. These symptoms were mild in some cases, such as chlorosis, but severe in other cases, such as tissue necrosis. We observed a positive relationship between increased plant height and photochemical yield with plant exposure to sub-doses 9.6 and 19.2 g ae ha-1. A sublethal dose of 38.4 g ae ha-1 improved the photosynthetic rate and carboxylation efficiency. Thus, we confirmed the hypothesis of a hormetic effect when T. ciliata was exposed to sub-doses of glyphosate equal to or lower than 38.4 g ae ha-1. However, the sublethal dose of 76.8 g ae ha-1 must be considered toxic, impacting photosynthetic activity and, consequently, the height of T. ciliata. The stem diameter of T. ciliata responded positively to increasing glyphosate doses. This occurs to compensate for the negative effect of glyphosate on water absorption. Further research will provide valuable information for harnessing the potential benefits of hormesis to improve the productivity of T. ciliata.

Perfil, prevalência e fatores de risco a lesões em corredores amadores do Rio Grande do Sul / profile, prevalence and risk factors for injuries in recreational runners in Rio Grande do Sul / Perfil, prevalencia y factores de riesgo de lesiones en corredores aficionados de Rio Grande do Sul

O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico, a prevalência e os fatores de risco a lesões em corredores amadores do Rio Grande do Sul. O método de coleta utilizado foi um questionário disponibilizado online. Como critérios de inclusão da pesquisa, foi estabelecido que os sujeitos devessem ser moradores do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, estar praticando corrida de rua nos últimos 12 meses, ser maior de 18 anos e ter aceitado participar do estudo após leitura dos termos. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética da instituição. No total participaram da pesquisa 288 corredores, sendo que 53,5% eram homens, com idade média de 38,6±10,4 anos. Dos 288, 80,5% possuíam curso superior, 66% buscavam qualidade de vida, 54,9% relataram treinar de três a quatro vezes na semana, 28,8% percorreram um volume de treino semanal de 10 a 20 km, sendo 52,1% orientados por um profissional de Educação Física. Quanto a prevalência de lesões a amostra do estudo trouxe um número bastante expressivo, onde 46,5% dos corredores tiveram algum tipo lesão. Dessas lesões, a sua maioria afetou membros inferiores, dentre as mais prevalentes 28,1% foram musculares (panturrilha 30,9% e tibial anterior/canela 23,5%) e 35,8% articulares (joelhos 53,4% e tornozelos/pés 36,9%). Os fatores de risco significativamente associados a ocorrência de lesões (p<0,05) foram ser do sexo masculino, ter uma estatura maior, não possuir doença crônica, maior tempo de prática de corrida, maior quantidade de dias de treino, um maior volume semanal, maior velocidade média, seguir planilha pronta da internet e sentir dor ou desconforto pós treino. Concluiu- se que, por meio da identificação do perfil destes corredores e um controle desses dados, pode ser possível um melhor direcionamento de ações de planejamento para prevenir a ocorrência dessas lesões na modalidade.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the sociodemographic profile, prevalence and risk factors for injuries in amateur runners in Rio Grande do Sul. The collection method used was a questionnaire available online. As research inclusion criteria, it was established that the subjects should be residents of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, be practicing street running in the last 12 months, be over 18 years old and have accepted to participate in the study after reading the terms. The study was approved by the institution's ethics committee. In total, 288 runners participated in the research, 53.5% of which were men, with a mean age of 38.6±10.4 years. Of the 288, 80.5% had a college degree, 66% were looking for quality of life, 54.9% reported training three to four times a week, 28.8% covered a weekly training volume of 10 to 20 km, with 52 .1% guided by a Physical Education professional. As for the prevalence of injuries, the study sample brought a very expressive number, where 46.5% of the runners had some type of injury. Of these injuries, most affected lower limbs, among the most prevalent, 28.1% were muscular (calf 30.9% and tibialis anterior/shin 23.5%) and 35.8% were articular (knees 53.4% and ankles/feet 36.9%). The risk factors significantly associated with the occurrence of injuries (p<0.05) were being male, having a higher stature, not having chronic disease, longer running practice, more training days, a greater volume of week, higher average speed, following a ready-made worksheet from the internet and feeling pain or discomfort after training. It was concluded that, through the identification of the profile of these runners and a control of this data, it may be possible to better target planning actions to prevent the occurrence of these injuries in the modality.

El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el perfil sociodemográfico, la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de lesiones en corredores aficionados de Rio Grande do Sul. El método de recogida utilizado fue un cuestionario disponible en línea. Como criterios de inclusión de la investigación, se estableció que los sujetos debían ser residentes del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, estar practicando carreras de calle en los últimos 12 meses, tener más de 18 años y haber aceptado participar en el estudio después de leer los términos. El estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética de la institución. En total, 288 corredores participaron en la investigación, siendo el 53,5% hombres, con una edad media de 38,6±10,4 años. De los 288, el 80,5% tenía titulación universitaria, el 66% buscaba calidad de vida, el 54,9% decía entrenar de tres a cuatro veces por semana, el 28,8% realizaba un volumen de entrenamiento semanal de 10 a 20 km, siendo el 52,1% guiado por un profesional de la Educación Física. En cuanto a la prevalencia de las lesiones, la muestra del estudio arrojó una cifra muy expresiva, ya que el 46,5% de los corredores tuvo algún tipo de lesión. De estas lesiones, la mayoría afectó a los miembros inferiores, entre las más prevalentes el 28,1% fueron musculares (pantorrilla 30,9% y tibia anterior/espinilla 23,5%) y el 35,8% articulares (rodillas 53,4% y tobillos/pies 36,9%). Los factores de riesgo asociados significativamente a la aparición de lesiones (p<0,05) fueron ser varón, ser más alto, no tener una enfermedad crónica, llevar más tiempo corriendo, más días de entrenamiento, mayor volumen semanal, mayor velocidad media, seguir una hoja de entrenamiento preparada en Internet y sentir dolor o molestias después del entrenamiento. Se concluye que, por medio de la identificación del perfil de estos corredores y un control de estos datos, puede ser posible una mejor dirección de las acciones de planificación para prevenir la aparición de estas lesiones en la modalidad.

Aß Assemblies Promote Amyloidogenic Processing of APP and Intracellular Accumulation of Aß42 Through Go/Gßγ Signaling.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of aggregated species of amyloid beta (Aß) in the brain, which leads to progressive cognitive deficits and dementia. Aß is generated by the successive cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), first by ß-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and subsequently by the γ-secretase complex. Those conditions which enhace or reduce its clearance predispose to Aß aggregation and the development of AD. In vitro studies have demonstrated that Aß assemblies spark a feed-forward loop heightening Aß production. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that oligomers and fibrils of Aß enhance colocalization and physical interaction of APP and BACE1 in recycling endosomes of human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and other cell types, which leads to exacerbated amyloidogenic processing of APP and intracellular accumulation of Aß42. In cells that are overexpressing the mutant forms of APP which are unable to bind Aß or to activate Go protein, we have found that treatment with aggregated Aß fails to increase colocalization of APP with BACE1 indicating that Aß-APP/Go signaling is involved in this process. Moreover, inhibition of Gßγ subunit signaling with ßARKct or gallein prevents Aß-dependent interaction of APP and BACE1 in endosomes, ß-processing of APP, and intracellular accumulation of Aß42. Collectively, our findings uncover a signaling mechanism leading to a feed-forward loop of amyloidogenesis that might contribute to Aß pathology in the early stages of AD and suggest that gallein could have therapeutic potential.

Tolerance of Hymenaea courbaril L. to glyphosate.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the glyphosate on Hymenaea courbaril L. A randomized block design with five replications was implemented. Each experimental unit was composed of one plant in a 5 L container. The treatments were 0 "control"; 96; 240; 480; and 960 g ha-1 "corresponding to 10, 25, 50, and 100% of the commercial dose of glyphosate recommended for Caryocar brasiliense crop, respectively". The evaluations were performed at 24 h and 60 days after application. Visual and anatomical evaluations did not change regardless of the dose, while the histochemical evaluation showed an accumulation of starch grains in leaf tissues. There was an increase in the photosynthetic rate, in the electron transport rate, and in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II at 24 h after application. At 60 days after the application of the treatments, the photosynthetic rate showed a slight decrease and the transpiratory rate showed quadratic behavior. An increase in plant height was observed up to the dose of 480 g ha-1, a linear increase in stem diameter and a decrease in the number of leaves with increasing glyphosate doses. These results show that the cuticle protected the plant, and that the little absorbed glyphosate increased photosynthesis and transpiration to favor the plants. We can conclude that the H. courbaril species is able to survive after contact with glyphosate during the evaluated time, with no visual and/or anatomical damage, showing increases in growth and physiological characteristics for the tested doses.

Rating of Perceived Exertion as a Method to Determine Training Loads in Strength Training in Elderly Women: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of training using loads from a repetition maximum value (%1RM) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in elderly women. Methods: Twenty-five elderly women (60-75 years old) were randomly assigned to a group that trained using loads determined by 1RM test (G%; n = 12) or to a group that trained using loads determined by RPE (GPE; n = 13). Elderly women trained for 12 weeks using five exercises performed with 2-3 sets of 8-15 repetitions. Loads progressed from 45% to 75% of 1RM (G%) and from 13 to 18 from Rating Perceived Exertion of Borg Scale (GPE). The outcome measures, 1RM and maximum repetitions (RMs with 70% 1RM), were assessed before, between and after training programs. Results: Increased 1RM value and RMs were observed in both groups (20-42%, p < 0.001 and 56-76%, p < 0.001, respectively, for %G; and 17-56%, p < 0.001 and 47-106%, p < 0.001, respectively, for GPE), without differences between them. Conclusions: Prescribing loads using the RPE and 1RM might be similarly effective for training elderly women in order to promote strength gains. As a practical application, RPE could be an additional method to determine training loads. In spite of the promising results of the present study, it is not possible to state that the use of RPE is effective in monitoring loads during sub maximal strength training in elderly and more research must be carried out to confirm it.

Associação entre a força muscular e a capacidade cardiorrespiratória com a fadiga de mulheres / Fatigue in women with different levels of physical fitness

A prática de exercícios físicos é um importante componente na prevenção e tratamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, além disso, parece ser um importante componente na diminuição das sensações de fadiga. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar e correlacionar níveis de sensação de fadiga de mulheres com distintos níveis de aptidão física. Procedimentos metodológicos: a amostra foi constituída de 45 mulheres saudáveis, sendo 15 Insuficientemente ativas (GIAT), 15 mulheres treinadas aerobicamente (GAER) e 15 mulheres treinadas em força (GFOR). A fadiga foi avaliada por meio do Questionário de Fadiga de Chalder, sendo a força máxima de membros superiores e inferiores avaliada por meio do teste de uma repetição máxima estimada (1RM), e a capacidade cardiorrespiratória por meio do teste de milha. Resultados: Os grupos treinados apresentaram valores superiores na aptidão física e valores significativamente inferiores (p<0,05) quanto aos níveis de fadiga quando comparados ao GIAT (13[6] vs 6[6] GFOR, e 5[9] pts GAER). Quando analisados os dados em grupo único (n=45), constatou-se uma moderada correlação negativa entre a variável força de membro superior (r =-0,470; p<0,001) e inferior (r=-0,416; p = 0,004) com os escores de fadiga. Pode-se concluir que mulheres treinadas tendem a ter melhores níveis de força e capacidade cardiorrespiratória, apresentando menores níveis de fadiga comparada à mulheres com prática insuficiente de atividade física.

Physical exercise is an important component in the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases. Additionally, it seems to be an important component in decreasing feelings of fatigue. The aim of this study was to compare and correlate feelings of fatigue in women with different levels of physical fitness. Methodological procedures: The sample consisted of 45 healthy women, with 15 of them being considered insufficiently active (GIAT); 15 aerobically trained women (GAER); and 15 strength trained women (GFOR). Fatigue was evaluated using the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, with the maximal strength of the upper and lower limbs being assessed by the one-repetition maximum (1RM), with cardiorespiratory capacity measured by the mile test. Results: The trained groups presented higher values in physical fitness and significantly lower values (p <0.05) regarding fatigue levels when compared to GIAT (13[6] vs 6[6] GFOR; and 5[9] pts GAER). When analyzing data as a single group (n = 45), a moderate negative correlation was found between the upper limb strength (r = -0.470; p <0.001) and lower limb strength (r = -0.416; p = 0.004) values with fatigue scores. It can be concluded that trained women tend to have better levels of strength and cardiorespiratory capacity, presenting lower levels of fatigue when compared with those with insufficient practice of physical activity.

Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration.

Extensive ecosystem restoration is increasingly seen as being central to conserving biodiversity1 and stabilizing the climate of the Earth2. Although ambitious national and global targets have been set, global priority areas that account for spatial variation in benefits and costs have yet to be identified. Here we develop and apply a multicriteria optimization approach that identifies priority areas for restoration across all terrestrial biomes, and estimates their benefits and costs. We find that restoring 15% of converted lands in priority areas could avoid 60% of expected extinctions while sequestering 299 gigatonnes of CO2-30% of the total CO2 increase in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. The inclusion of several biomes is key to achieving multiple benefits. Cost effectiveness can increase up to 13-fold when spatial allocation is optimized using our multicriteria approach, which highlights the importance of spatial planning. Our results confirm the vast potential contributions of restoration to addressing global challenges, while underscoring the necessity of pursuing these goals synergistically.

Associação entre prevalência de dor musculoesquelética e variáveis do treinamento de força / Association between prevalence of musculoskeletic pain and strength training variables / Asociación entre prevalencia de dolor musculoesquelético y variable del entrenamiento de fuerza

O objetivo foi medir a prevalência de dor musculoesquelética em praticantes de treinamento de força (TF) e sua associação com diferentes variáveis do treino. A amostra foi composta por 175 adultos praticantes de TF. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de avaliação um questionário geral e o Questionário Nórdico de Dor. Os resultados apresentaram que 73,7% da amostra investigada indicaram dor em, pelo menos, um ponto anatômico. Em relação às variáveis do TF, os sujeitos que praticam treinamento há mais tempo (>3 anos) e que utilizaram cargas moderadas ou pesadas apresentaram maior prevalência de dor quando comparado aos seus pares. Conclui-se, portanto, que a prevalência de dor entre praticantes de TF é elevada, uma vez que o tempo de prática e o uso de cargas leves potencializam sua ocorrência.

The objective was to measure the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in strength training practitioners (ST) and their association with different training variables. The sample consisted of 175 practicing adults. A general questionnaire and the Nordic Pain Questionnaire were used as evaluation instruments. The results showed that 73.7% of the investigated sample indicated pain in at least one anatomic site. In relation to the variables of the ST, those subjects who had trained a longer period of time (> 3 years) and who used moderate or high loads, presented higher prevalence of pain when compared to their peers. It is concluded that the prevalence of pain among ST practitioners is high, where the time of practice and the use of light loads increases its occurrence.

El objetivo fue medir prevalencia de dolor musculoesquelético en practicantes de entrenamiento de fuerza (EF) y asociación con diferentes variables del entrenamiento. Muestra fue compuesta por 175 adultos practicantes de EF. Se utilizaron como instrumentos de evaluación un cuestionario general y el Cuestionario Nórdico de Dolor. Los resultados mostraron que el 73,7% de la muestra indicó dolor en al menos un punto anatómico. En cuanto a las variables del EF, aquellos sujetos que entrenaron hace más tiempo (> 3 años) y que utilizaron cargas moderadas o pesadas, presentaron mayor prevalencia de dolor cuando comparado a sus pares. Se concluye que la prevalencia de dolor entre practicantes de TF es elevada, donde el tiempo de práctica y el uso de cargas leves potencializa su ocurrencia.

Health-risk behavior differences between boarding and non-resident students: Brazilian adolescent National School Health Survey.

BACKGROUND: Studies that evaluated health-risk behaviors with boarding students are scarce. There are no studies with representative samples among adolescents residing in educational institutions in Latin America. To better assess the role of resident status on such behaviors, this study aimed to compare health-risk behaviors between boarding and non-resident students assessed by the Brazilian National Adolescent School Health Survey (PeNSE). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2015 PeNSE database. A sample of 101,788 students (aged 11-19 years) from both public and private schools throughout all the Brazilian states completed the survey. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate multiple health-related behaviors (sociodemographic characteristics; sexual behavior; cigarette use; drug use; and alcohol use). Poisson regression model-based analyses were performed and the effects measured through the prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Boarding residents reported more health-risk behaviors than non-residents: previous sexual intercourse (PR 1.17, 1.10-1.25), smoking experience (PR 1.12, 1.03-1.21), monthly smoking frequency (PR 1.68, 1.42-1.99), monthly alcohol intake (PR 2.12, 1.79-2.50), inebriation (PR 1.51, 1.35-1.71), drug use experience (PR 1.23, 1.10-1.38), and monthly drug use frequency (PR 1.59, 1.31-1.94). CONCLUSIONS: Boarding residents reported more health-risk behaviors than did non-residents. The results provide insights into an under-researched subject, helping to highlight potential points of intervention for supporting public health programs within the boarding-school student population.

Ricinus communis as a phytoremediator of soil mineral oil: morphoanatomical and physiological traits.

Rapid growth in the oil industry has been accompanied concomitant increases in risks of spills or leaks triggered by natural or anthropogenic causes that cause soil changes and plant damage. Bio-scavenging and phytoremediation plants are important tools for identifying pollutants and mitigating environmental damage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis cultivated in soils contaminated with mineral oil, and to determine the possible visual, anatomical and physiological effects. R. communis seeds were pre-germinated in individual pots containing Red Latosol contaminated with Lubrax Essential SL (15W-40) mineral oil at concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 g kg-1. After exposure to treatments, emergency evaluations were performed, and after 45 days of cultivation, visual, morphoanatomical, physiological and oil removal effects were evaluated. There was no difference in emergence showed between treatments. Visual effects were characterized by necrosis and chlorosis formation in R. communis, evidenced on the 45th day of cultivation in all treatments tested, followed by parenchymal tissue alterations with collapsed cell formation and damage to photosynthesis with increasing doses. We found that R. communis removed up to 81% of hydrocarbons in soils, classifying it as potential phytoremediator of contaminated soils. The strong correlation between the variables suggests that R. communis can be used as an indicator of pollutant action.

Influência do índice de massa corporal e do nível de atividade física no desenvolvimento motor e aptidão física de crianças / Influence of body mass index and physical activity level on the motor development and physical fitness in children

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se o índice de massa corporal e a atividade física influenciam no desenvolvimento motor e na aptidão física de crianças. Participaram 64 crianças com idade entre 9 e 10 anos de ambos os sexos, sendo avaliados: nível de atividade física, estado nutricional, aptidão física (força, flexibilidade e resistência) e desenvolvimento motor. A amostra foi dividida em quatro grupos, estratificados pelo nível de atividade física e estado nutricional. Os dados foram comparados por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). Os resultados apontaram que 34,4% das crianças apresentaram massa corporal acima dos valores normativos e 50% eram sedentárias. A massa corporal elevada influenciou negativamente na resistência e na habilidade de controle de objetos, apesar que o nível de atividade física diminui o impacto da obesidade na força e na habilidade de locomoção. A flexibilidade não foi influenciada. Conclui-se que atividade física e estado nutricional podem influenciar na aptidão física e no desenvolvimento motor de crianças.

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of body mass index and physical activity levels in the motor development and physical fitness of children. The study had the participation of 64 children aged between 9 and 10 years of both genders: physical activity level, nutritional status, physical fitness (strength, flexibility and endurance), and motor development. The participants were divided into four groups, stratified by level of physical activity and nutritional status. The data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p <0.05). Results: 34.4% of the children had body mass above normative values, ​​and 50% were sedentary. High body mass has negatively influenced the resistance and ability to control objects, although the level of physical activity decreases the impact of obesity on strength and ability to move. Flexibility was not influenced. Conclusion: physical activity and nutritional status may influence the physical fitness and motor development in children.

Differential impact of endurance, strength, or combined training on quality of life and plasma serotonin in healthy older women.

Aging is associated with a progressive decline in physical and neurophysiological functions, and some studies suggest that cerebral serotonin is decreased in older adults. These factors contribute to reduced ability to perform daily activities, influencing quality of life (QoL). Regular physical activity has demonstrated important benefits in reversing ageing effects; however, little is known whether different training protocols might induce differential effects on QoL. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of different types of training on QoL and its relation with plasma serotonin in healthy older women. Forty-eight older women were randomly assigned in four groups: Strength Training (ST), Endurance Training (ET), Combined Training (CT), and Control Group (CG) which was instructed not to engage in any physical exercise during the study time. Participants underwent 12 weeks of training twice a week. Plasma serotonin and a scoring system questionnaire SF-36 for evaluation of QoL were assessed at baseline and after the completion of training protocols. When comparing pre- and post-training periods all trained groups showed improvement in QoL, but the CT improved more domains. Plasma serotonin was significantly lower in the ST and in the CT groups in comparison with controls after the 12-week training. Significant correlations of plasma serotonin with physical functioning, role-physical, general health, vitality, and mental health were observed. CT resulted in higher amelioration in QoL, in comparison with ET or ST only. All training protocols induced significant reductions in peripheral serotonin levels, which were negatively correlated with improvements in QoL.

Avaliação do alinhamento de joelhos e retropés em mulheres com e sem dor patelofemoral durante o exercício de agachamento / Knee and rearfoot alignment´s assessment in womans with and without patellofemoral pain during squat exercise

O agachamento, considerado um movimento biomecânico complexo em função de exigir alinhamento dinâmico, é um exercício frequentemente praticado. Se executado de forma errada, pode tornar-se fator de risco para lesões osteomioarticulares, como a dor patelofemoral. Objetivo: Avaliar o alinhamento dos joelhos e do retropé durante o exercício de agachamento em mulheres com e sem dor patelofemoral. Método: Foram selecionadas 25 mulheres, com idade entre 19 e 37 anos, praticantes de musculação há no mínimo seis meses, que referissem dor no joelho durante atividades funcionais. A amostra foi recrutada em quatro academias do Vale do Taquari. Após a aplicação de um Questionário, que abordou intensidade e comportamento da dor patelofemoral, as voluntárias foram divididas em dois grupos: 14 com dor patelofemoral e 11 sem dor patelofemoral. Foi filmada a execução do exercício de agachamento e do Step Down Test, para avaliar o alinhamento dos joelhos e retropé nestas atividades funcionais. Resultados: Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste t Student e Correlação de Pearson, com um nível de significância de p < 0,05. Não houve diferença entre as variáveis, comparando-se o grupo com e sem dor patelofemoral. As participantes com maiores valores angulares de valgismo estático tendem a apresentar a mesma característica durante o teste Step Down. Conclusão: É necessária uma abordagem avaliativa individualizada, com a divisão em subgrupos, de acordo com a etiologia da dor. Questiona-se a classificação das alterações biomecânicas como causa ou efeito da dor patelofemoral e das compensações realizadas.

The Squatting, considered a complex biomechanical movement due to requiring dynamic alignment, is a frequently practiced exercise. If performed in the wrong way, it can become a risk rese for osteomioarticular lesions, such as patellofemoral pain. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the alignment of the knees and the rearfoot during the squatting exercise in women with and without patellofemoral pain. Method: Twenty-five women, aged between 19 and 37 years, were trained for at least six months, who reported knee pain during functional activities. The sample was recruited in four academies of the Taquari Valley. After the application of a Questionnaire, which addressed the intensity and behavior of patellofemoral pain, the volunteers were divided into two groups: 14 with patellofemoral pain and 11 without patellofemoral pain. The execution of the squat exercise and the Step Down Test were recorded to evaluate the alignment of the knees and rearfoot in these functional activities. Results: The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation, with a significance level of p <0.05. There was no difference between the variables, comparing the group with and without patellofemoral pain. The participants with higher angular values of static valgus tend to resente the same characteristic during the Step Down test. Conclusion: An individualized evaluation approach is necessary, with the subgrouping according to the pain's etiology. It is questioned the classification of biomechanical alterations as cause or effect of patellofemoral pain and compensations performed.

Qualidade de vida, nível de atividade física e mobilidade funcional entre idosos institucionalizados e domiciliados / Quality of Life, Physical Activity Level and Functional Mobility among Institutionalized and Homebound Elderly People

Objetivo: comparar a qualidade de vida, os níveis de atividade física e a mobilidade funcional entre idosos institucionalizados e idosos domiciliados. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e ex-post facto, realizada com 32 idosos, divididos em dois grupos: residentes em instituições (n = 16) e residentes em domicílio (n = 16). A seleção do grupo institucionalizado se deu por meio de sorteio de três das seis instituições existentes de um município do Vale do Taquari-RS, enquanto que os idosos domiciliados foram recrutados por meio de divulgação nos mesmos bairros em que estavam localizadas as instituições escolhidas. Para mensurar a qualidade de vida utilizou-se o Questionário Genérico SF-36, para o nível de atividade física o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física e para a mobilidade funcional o Teste Timed Up-and-Go. Os testes estatísticos Mann- Whitney, Qui quadrado e Teste T independente foram utilizados para análise estatística dos dados. Resultados: tanto a qualidade de vida em seus oito domínios como a mobilidade funcional, foram similares entre os grupos (p>0,05). Quanto ao nível de atividade física, 100% dos idosos institucionalizados e 37,5% dos domiciliados foram considerados sedentários, sendo esta diferença significativa (p<0,05). Conclusão: observou-se que o fato do idoso residir em sua residência ou em instituições específicas, não interfere na sua qualidade de vida e na sua mobilidade funcional. Já quanto ao nível de atividade física, ficou constatado que idosos domiciliados são mais ativos quando comparado aos seus pares. (AU)

Objective: To compare the quality of life, physical activity level and functional mobility among institutionalized and homebound elderly people. Material and Methods: This was a quantitative, descriptive and ex-post facto study developed with 32 elderly people divided into two groups: resident in institutions (n = 16) and resident at home (n = 16). The selection of the institutionalized group was made by drawing lots from three of the six institutions of Vale do Taquari-RS, while the homebound group was recruited through the same districts in which the chosen institutions were located. The SF-36 Generic Questionnaire was used to measure quality of life, while the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity level, and the Timed Upand- Go Test was employed for functional mobility. Mann- Whitney, Chi-square and independent T-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Both quality of life, in its eight domains, and functional mobility, were similar between groups (p> 0.05). Regarding the level of physical activity, 100% of the institutionalized and 37.5% of the homebound elderlies were considered sedentary, with a significant difference (p <0.05). Conclusion: Living in their residence or in specific institutions does not interfere with the elderlies' quality of life and functional mobility. Nevertheless, with regard to physical activity, homebound elderlies were found to be more active as compared to their peers.(AU)

Energy expenditure in strength training: a critical approach / Gastos energéticos nos treinamentos de força: uma aproximação crítica / Gastos energéticos en los entranamientos de fuerza: un enfoque crítico

Energy expenditure in strength training has been the subject of several studies over the last decades. However, the evaluated protocols present important and significant differences, mak-ing it impossible to compare them and reach definitive conclusions. The use of work units (sets x repetitions x load), adding the exercise execution and recovery phase, seems to allow for a better for the understanding of energy expenditure in strength training, being that energy expenditure increases with increasing work level. This, together with the use of observed ab-solute values (kcal or liters of O2) instead of relative values (kcal/min), may allow for a better understanding of the influence on different variables.

El gasto energético en el entrenamiento de resistencia ha sido objeto de varios estudios en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, los protocolos evaluados presentan diferencias importantes y significativas, por lo que es imposible compararlos y llegar a conclusiones definitivas. El uso de unidades de trabajo (conjuntos x repeticiones x carga), sumando la ejecución del ejercicio y la fase de recuperación, parece permitir una mejor comprensión del gasto energético en el entrenamiento de resistencia, siendo que el gasto energético aumenta con el nivel de trabajo.Ello, junto con el uso de valores absolutos observados (kcal o litros de O2) en lugar de valores relativos (kcal/ min), puede permitir una mejor comprensión de la influencia en diferentes variables.

O gasto energético no treinamento de resistência tem sido objeto de vários estudos nas últimas décadas. Todavia, os protocolos avaliados apresentam diferenças importantes e significativas, pelo que é impossível compará-los e chegar a conclusões definitivas. O uso de unidades de trabalho (conjuntos x repetições x carga), somando a execução do exercício e a fase de recu-peração, parece permitir uma melhor compreensão do gasto energético no treinamento de re-sistência, sendo que o gasto energético aumenta com o nível de trabalho. Isso, junto ao uso de valores absolutos observados (kcal ou litros de O2) em lugar de valores relativos (kcal/ min), pode permitir uma melhor compreensão da influência em diferentes variáveis.

Nível de sedentarismo entre estudantes universitários doRio Grande do Sul e os possíveis fatores associados / Level of sedentarism among university students in Rio Grande do Suland possible associated factors

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o nível de sedentarismo entre estudantes universitários do Rio Grande doSul e os possíveis fatores associados. A amostra estudada foi constituída por universitários de 23 cursos, totalizando358 estudantes (199 mulheres e 159 homens), regularmente matriculados em uma instituição de ensino superior do RioGrande do Sul no ano de 2015. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado por meio do Questionário Internacional de AtividadeFísica (IPAQ) versão curta, sendo que para as demais informações foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico. Acomparação entre as proporções de sujeitos ativos e sedentários foi realiza por meio do teste Qui-quadrado com nívelde significância de 5%. O principal resultado do estudo indicou que 41% dos acadêmicos são sedentários, sendo queentre os fatores associados ao sedentarismo está em ser do sexo feminino, ser portador de doença crônica e estudarhá mais de dois anos na instituição. Ainda, entre os homens, estar acima do peso também confere uma associação aosedentarismo. Desta forma, conclui-se que uma grande proporção de estudantes universitários do Rio Grande do Sulencontra-se em nível de sedentarismo, sendo estes resultados similares aos de estudantes de outras regiões do país

The present study aimed to evaluate the level of sedentarism among university students in Rio Grande do Sul and thepossible associated factors. The study sample consisted of university students from 23 courses enrolled in a highereducation institution in Rio Grande do Sul in 2015; totaling 358 students (199 women and 159 men). The level ofphysical activity was assessed through the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ),and for other information, a sociodemographic questionnaire was applied. The comparison between the proportions ofactive and sedentary individuals was performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. The main resultof the study indicated that 41% of the students are sedentary, and some of the factors associated with the sedentarylifestyle are being female, having a chronic disease, and studying for more than two years in the institution. Still, amongmen, being overweight also confers an association with a sedentary lifestyle. Thus, we conclude that a large proportionof university students in Rio Grande do Sul are on a sedentary level, and these results are similar to those in other regions of the country