Ablación de fibrilación auricular: primera serie colombiana de crioablación con balón / Atrial fibrillation ablation: first Colombian series of balloon cryoablation

Resumen Introducción: El aislamiento de las venas pulmonares mediante la crioablación con balón es una técnica innovadora para el manejo de la fibrilación auricular con una alta tasa de efectividad. Su reciente introducción y aprobación por el Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos de Colombia en nuestro medio aporta una alternativa al aislamiento tradicional punto a punto con la radiofrecuencia. Métodos: A partir de mayo de 2014, todos los pacientes que fueron llevados a aislamiento de las venas pulmonares con la crioablación fueron registrados de manera prospectiva en un formulario previamente diseñado para tal fin. Resultados: Entre mayo de 2014 y agosto de 2015 se realizaron 31 procedimientos de la crioablación con balón en 31 pacientes (23 hombres, 74%) con una edad promedio de 59 ±11,4 años (rango de 34 a 72 años). La indicación más común fue la fibrilación auricular paroxística (23 pacientes, 74%), con 4 casos de la fibrilación auricular persistente (13%) en presencia de un corazón estructuralmente sano. El procedimiento tuvo una duración total de 152,6 ± 46,1 minutos con un tiempo de la fluoroscopia de 51± 16 minutos, observándose una disminución en los tiempos a medida que se progresó en la curva de aprendizaje. Tres de los 31 pacientes (9,7%) presentaron parálisis diafragmática; dos de ellos recuperaron la motilidad durante el mismo procedimiento y el otro paciente recuperó la motilidad al mes. Conclusiones: La crioablación es una técnica rápida y reproducible para el aislamiento de las venas pulmonares en un servicio de electrofisiología de alta complejidad. Con una curva de aprendizaje corta, es una alternativa valiosa al aislamiento eléctrico punto a punto con la radiofrecuencia, en un grupo con experiencia previa en el aislamiento de venas pulmonares por la técnica convencional de radiofrecuencia. La tasa de complicaciones menores fue comparable a lo reportado en la literatura y no se presentaron complicaciones mayores en este grupo inicial.

Abstract Introduction: Pulmonary vein isolation using balloon cryoablation is a innovative technique for managing atrial fibrillation with a high efficacy rate. Its recent introduction and approval by the Colombian National Institute for Medicine and Food Surveillance in our field offers an alternative to the traditional point-by-point radiofrequency isolation. Methods: Starting May 2014, all patients who underwent pulmonary vein isolation with cryoablation were registered prospectively in a form that had been previously designed specifically for this purpose. Results: Between May 2014 and August 2015, 31 balloon cryoablations were performed in 31 patients (23 men, 74%) with an average age of 59 ± 11.4 years (range from 34 to 72 years). The most frequent indication was paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (23 patients, 74%), with 4 cases of persistent atrial fibrillation (13%) in the presence of a structurally normal heart. The procedure lasted a total of 152.6 ± 46.1 minutes with a fluoroscopy time of 51 ± 16 minutes, observing a decrease in the time as the learning curve progressed. Three of the 31 patients (9.7%) developed diaphragmatic paralysis, two of whom recovered motility during the procedure and the other patient recovered motility after one month. Conclusions: Cryoablation is a fast and reproducible technique for pulmonary vein isolation in a high complexity electrophysiology service. With a short learning curve, it is a valuable alternative to point-by-point radiofrequency isolation, in a group with previous experience in pulmonary vein isolation by means of the traditional radiofrequency technique. Minor complications rate was similar to what was reported in literature and no major complications were developed in this initial group.

Ablación de taquicardia por reentrada intraauricular en paciente con circulación de Fontan / Ablation of tachycardia by intraatrial reentry in patient with Fontan circulation

Introducción y objetivos: La circulación de Fontan incrementa el riesgo de desarrollar arritmias a largo plazo, con importantes repercusiones sobre la morbilidad. La terapia médica es ineficiente en estas arritmias y los procedimientos de mapeo y ablación han tenido resultados variables. Se describe el caso de una paciente con circulación de Fontan quien desarrolló una taquicardia por reentrada intraauricular. Caso clínico: Paciente con antecedente de atresia tricuspídea y circulación de Fontan valorada por síncope, palpitaciones e intolerancia al ejercicio. Se documentó taquicardia por reentrada intraauricular que fue llevada a mapeo tridimensional y ablación exitosa. Discusión: Múltiples mecanismos arrítmicos complejos han sido descritos en los pacientes con circulación de Fontan. Típicamente se desarrolla una macrorreentrada auricular que tiene similitudes con el flutter auricular. El uso de tecnología con mapeo electroanatómico tridimensional ha permitido identificar y tratar de manera exitosa un número reducido de pacientes, como la presentada en este caso. Conclusiones: Las cardiopatías congénitas intervenidas con derivación de Fontan presentan arritmias auriculares de muy difícil manejo con medicamentos y tecnología convencional. El desarrollo tecnológico del mapeo tridimensional ha permitido conocer y entender de mejor manera los mecanismos de las arritmias en este tipo de circulación, lo que a su vez permite lograr el control definitivo mediante ablación.

Introduction and objectives: Fontan circulation increased long-term risk of developing arrhythmias, with significant impact on morbidity. The medical therapy is ineffective in these arrhythmias and mapping and ablation procedures have had varying results. A patient with Fontan circulation who developed tachycardia by intraauricular reentry is described. Case report: Patient with history of tricuspid atresia and Fontan circulation is assessed by syncope, palpitations and exercise intolerance. A tachycardia by intraauricular reentry was documented, and it was mapped and ablated successfully. Discussion: Multiple complex arrhythmic mechanisms have been described in patients with Fontan circulation. Typically, a macro reentrant that has similarities with atrial flutter develops. The use of technology that allow electroanatomical (three-dimensional) mapping has identified and successfully treated a small number of patients, as presented in this case. Conclusions: Congenital heart diseases treated with Fontan circulation have a significant prevalence of atrial arrhythmias very difficult to treat with medications and conventional technology. Technological developments in three-dimensional mapping and ablation have allowed to know and better understand arrhythmia's mechanisms in this type of circulation and as a result got a definitive control trough ablation.

[Endoluminal excision of an esophageal fibrovascular polyp. Report of one case]. / Pólipo fibrovascular esofágico. Estudio por imágenes multimodalidad.

We report a 47-year-old woman presenting with dysphagia. A chest CAT scan and barium swallow showed an endoluminal mass that extended to four vertebrae. An endoluminal sonography localized the pediculum of the mass, that was excised endoscopically. The pathological study disclosed a fibrovascular polyp. After 18 months of follow up, the patient is asymptomatic.

Organizing pneumonia in patients with severe respiratory failure due to novel A (H1N1) influenza.

The authors describe two cases that developed organizing pneumonia (OP) associated with novel influenza A(H1N1) virus. These patients were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) because of severe respiratory failure. After initial clinical improvement, both patients worsened their condition during their second week of ICU stay, presenting fever, increasing in inflammatory parameters and worsening in oxygen exchange and respiratory mechanics. Chest x-rays and computed tomographies showed an increment on lung infiltrates, given by areas of consolidation and ground glass opacification. Although broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered, patients showed no improvement. All cultures, including bronchoalveolar lavage samples, were negative. In both cases, an open lung biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination of the specimen was compatible with OP. Both patients were successfully treated with high-dose corticoids. The aim of this report is to alert about the possibility of OP associated with novel influenza virus in patients with severe respiratory failure.