Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana do alho (Allium sativum Liliaceae) e de seu extrato aquoso / Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of garlic (Liliaceae Allium sativum) and its aqueous extract

Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do alho (Allium sativum Liliaceae), in natura, e do extrato aquoso, frente à Candida albicans (Ca) e a Estreptococos do grupo B (EGB). O alho in natura e os extratos aquosos 30% e 170%, foram submetidos à avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana usando os métodos de Difusão em Ágar pela técnica do disco e do poço. Os resultados mostraram que o alho, in natura, apresentou halo de inibição de 55,3 ± 2,6 milímetros (mm) frente a Ca e de 27,1 ± 2,6 mm frente à EGB, enquanto o halo de inibição do miconazol foi de 24 ± 0,5 mm e o da Penicilina G de 29,8 ± 0,3 mm. O extrato aquoso de alho a 30% não apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente à Ca e à EGB Já o extrato aquoso de alho a 170% apresentou halo de inibição frente a Ca, de 11,3 ± 0,7 mm na técnica do disco e de 14,5 ± 0,9 mm na técnica do poço, porém não inibiu o crescimento da EGB Conclui-se que o alho in natura apresentou melhor efeito inibitório frente às cepas de Ca e de EGB.

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of fresh garlic (Liliaceae Allium sativum) and its aqueous extracts against Candida albicans (Ca) and group B Streptococcus (GBS). Fresh garlic and its aqueous extract in concentrations of 30% and 170% were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion technique. The results showed that fresh garlic showed a halo of inhibition of 55.3 ± 2.6 millimeters (mm) towards Ca and 27.1 ± 2.6 mm towards GBS while the inhibition halo of miconazole was 24 ± 0.5 mm and the inhibition halo of Penicillin G was 29.8 ± 0.3 mm. The aqueous extract of garlic in the concentration of 30% showed no antimicrobial activity towards Ca and GBS The aqueous extract of garlic at 170%, showed a halo of inhibition towards Ca, of 11.3 ± 0.7 mm in the disk technique and 14.5 ± 0.9 mm in the well technique, but did not inhibit the growth OF GBS We conclude that the fresh garlic showed a better inhibitory effect against the strains of Ca and GBS.

Two digestive trypsins occur in three species of neotropical anophelines.

Trypsin activity increases in the midgut of Anopheles aquasalis, Anopheles albitarsis, and Anopheles darlingi after a bloodmeal. The activity returns to basal levels at the time the blood is completely digested. Affinity chromatography, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to sequentially purify the mosquito trypsins found in the midguts at 24 h after feeding. Aminoterminal sequencing of the purified trypsins showed the occurrence of two distinct trypsins in the midgut of each of the mosquitoes studied. The sequences obtained are similar to those of the trypsins of other hematophagous insects.