Changes in metal contents in shrimp cultured in NW Mexico (2000-2010).

This study shows the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the muscle and hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimps, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultured during 2010 in 26 commercial farms of the three main producer states of the Mexican NW, Sonora, Sinaloa, and Nayarit and compares the results to those obtained in 2000 using samples collected in16 farms of the same states. No significant changes were detected in Cd concentrations, but the 2010 Zn levels were significantly higher in all states in the hepatopancreas and in Sinaloa in the case of the muscle. Cu showed a tendency to higher hepatopancreas values in 2010, but differences were significant only in Sonora and for the global mean value. In contrast, Pb was one order of magnitude lower in both organs in 2010, possibly because of the almost 15 years since leaded gasoline was discontinued in Mexico.

Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations in female and embryonic Pacific sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon longurio) tissues.

In this work we compared the cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) contents of muscle, liver and placenta of gestating females of the viviparous shark Rhizoprionodon longurio and of muscle, liver and umbilical cord of their respective embryos. The higher values of the essential Cu and Zn were in embryonic or embryo-related tissues (placenta and umbilical cord). Maternal muscle and liver had the highest values of Pb and Cd, respectively. There were significant direct correlations between the Zn and Cd concentrations of placenta and umbilical cord, as well as between maternal muscle and embryonic livers for Pb and Cd, but the relation between these tissues was inverse in the case of Zn. All correlations between the metal content of embryonic tissues and size of the embryos were negative, suggesting an inverse relation between the rate of mother-to-embryo metal transfer and embryonic growth.

Metal discharges by Sinaloa Rivers to the coastal zone of NW Mexico.

The aim of this work was to survey the discharges of dissolved and particulate Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn of the eight main rivers of Sinaloa State to the Mexican coastal environment. Zn was the most abundant dissolved metal and Fe was the most abundant particulate (8.02-16.90 and 51.8-1,140.3 µg/L, respectively). Only particulate Mn had significantly (p = 0.028) higher values in summer-fall (rainy season), whereas the significantly (p = 0.036) higher values of dissolved Zn were observed in winter and spring. The highest annual total discharges to Sinaloa coastal waters were those of the rivers San Lorenzo and Piaxtla (>2 × 10(3) m.t.) and the lowest those of rivers Baluarte and El Fuerte (349 and 119 m.t., respectively). Pb concentrations may become of concern, because they are higher than the value recommended for the welfare of aquatic communities of natural waters.

Prevalencia de caries en el primer molar permanente en niños VIH (+) vs VIH (-) / Prevalence of caries in the first permanent molar in HIV (+) vs HIV (-)

La caries dental es una enfermedad crónica, infecciosa, transmisible y de etiología multifactorial que produce un efecto destructivo sobre el diente. Comparar la presencia de caries en primeros molares permanentes de los niños VIH (+) y VIH (-) todos hijos de madres VIH (+) que acudieron a el Centro de Atención a Pacientes con Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas de Facultad de Odontología de Universidad Central de Venezuela (CAPEI). Revisión retrospectiva durante el año 2006 de 52 historias clínicas de los niños que presentaban en boca el primer molar permanente de 26 niños VIH (+) y 26 niños VIH (-) hijos de madres VIH (+); durante el periodo 2006 la metodología estadística empleada fue la prueba de Pearson. Al comparar la presencia de caries en los niños VIH (+) se encontró un 57,6% de dientes afectados mientras que solo el 11,5% se observó en los VIH (-), al aplicar la prueba de Pearson arrojo un valor p=0,01 y or= 7.3* lo que representa un alta significancia estadística. Queda bien establecida la importancia del odontopediatra dentro del equipo interdisciplinario que maneja al niño VIH (+), sobre quien recaerá la responsabilidad de controlar los factores predisponentes de la caries extremando las medidas preventivas y educativas odontológicas y factores locales sistémicos consecuencia de la infección

Dental caries is a disease chronic, infectious and multifactorial etiology that produces a destructive effect on the tooth. Compare the presence of caries in permanent molars first HIV children and HIV (+) all children of mothers HIV (-) attended the service to patients with diseases Infectocontagiosas faculty dentistry Venezuela Central University Centre. review retrospective 52 records in children presented in mouth's first molar permanent 26 children HIV (+) and 26 children HIV (-) children of mothers HIV (+); the period 2006 la statistical methodology was proof of Pearson. when comparing the presence of caries in children HIV (+) found affected teeth 57,6 % while that only 11.5 % I note in the HIV (-), when you apply the Pearson test weeding a value p = 0, 01 and or = 7.3 * what represents a high statistical significance. Is well established the importance of the pediatric dentist in the interdisciplinary team that handles the HIV children, on who will bear responsibility for control of decay, predisposing factors, dental preventive and educational measures and systemic local factors result of the infection

Prevalencia de caries en el primer molar en niños vih positivo versus vih negativo / Prevalence of caries in the first molar in children hiv hiv positive versus negative

La caries dental es una enfermedad crónica, infecciosa, transmisible y de etiología multifactorial que produce un efecto destructivo sobre el diente. Objetivo: Comparar la presencia de caries en primeros molares permanentes de los niños VIH (+) y VIH (-) todos hijos de madres VIH (+) que acudieron a el Centro de Atención a Pacientes con Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas de Facultad de Odontología de Universidad Central de Venezuela (CAPEI). Materiales y Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva durante el año 2006 de 52 historias clínicas de los niños que presentaban en boca el primer molar permanente de 26 niños VIH (+) y 26 niños VIH (-) hijos de madres VIH (+); durante el periodo 2006 la metodología estadística empleada fue la prueba de Pearson. Resultados: Al comparar la presencia de caries en los niños VIH (+) se encontró un 57,6% de dientes afectados mientras que solo el 11,5% se observó en los VIH (-), al aplicar la prueba de Pearson arrojo un valor p=0,01 y or= 7.3* lo que representa un alta significancia estadística. Conclusión: Queda bien establecida la importancia del odontopediatra dentro del equipo interdisciplinario que maneja al niño VIH (+), sobre quien recaerá la responsabilidad de controlar los factores predisponentes de la caries extremando las medidas preventivas y educativas odontológicas y factores locales sistémicos consecuencia de la infección

Dental caries is a disease chronic, infectious and multifactorial etiology that produces a destructive effect on the tooth. Objective: Compare the presence of caries in permanent molars first HIV children and HIV (+) all children of mothers HIV (-) attended the service to patients with diseases Infectocontagiosas faculty dentistry Venezuela Central University Centre. Materials and methods: review retrospective 52 records in children presented in mouth's first molar permanent 26 children HIV (+) and 26 children HIV (-) children of mothers HIV (+); the period 2006 la statistical methodology was proof of Pearson. Results: when comparing the presence of caries in children HIV (+) found affected teeth 57,6 % while that only 11.5 % I note in the HIV (-), when you apply the Pearson test weeding a value p = 0, 01 and or = 7.3 * what represents a high statistical significance. Conclusion: Is well established the importance of the pediatric dentist in the interdisciplinary team that handles the HIV children, on who will bear responsibility for control of decay, predisposing factors, dental preventive and educational measures and systemic local factors result of the infection

Enfermedad periodontal en mujeres vih/sida / Periodontal disease in women HIV / AIDS

Desde 1987 se describieron diferentes formas clínicas de enfermedad periodontal y gingivitis en pacientes VIH/SIDA. OBJETIVO: Determinar la presencia de enfermedad periodontal en mujeres VIH/SIDA que acudieron al Centro de Atención a Pacientes con Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas (CAPEI/UCV) durante el periodo 2008-2010. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Estudio prospectivo y transversal de 55 mujeres VIH/SIDA, entre 17-57 años de edad, todas bajo terapia antirretroviral, previo consentimiento informado, se evaluaron clínicamente. Se establecieron rangos inmunológicos de acuerdo al valor en sangre de CD4 por mm 3: sin inmunodeficiencia 500 cel/mm3, moderada: 200-499 cel/mm 3 severa:< 200 cel/mm 3. A cada paciente se le aplicó el índice periodontal de Russell (IP-R). Se consideraron los valores 1 y 2 como gingivitis, y 6-8 como periodontitis. RESULTADOS: De acuerdo al status inmunológico 10 (1,8%) sin inmunosupresión, 15 (27,8%) inmunosupresión moderada y 30 (54,4 %) con inmunosupresión severa. El valor 6 del IP-R se observó en 25 mujeres (43,6 %), seguido del valor 8 en 19 mujeres (34,5 %), y 11 ( 20 %) valor 2. Se apreció una media de 4,36 para las mujeres sin inmunosupresión; inmunosupresión moderada un discreto aumento a 4,71; inmunosupresión severa, se observó la máxima expresión numérica de 5,47. El análisis de varianza demostró una dependencia o asociación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: Se observó una fuerte asociación entre el deterioro del sistema inmune y el estado periodontal de las mujeres estudiadas

Since 1987 were described different clinical forms of periodontal disease and gingivitis in HIV/AIDS patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of periodontal disease in HIV/AIDS women who attended Centro de Atención a Pacientes con Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (CAPEI/UCV) during the period 2008-2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional study of 55 women HIV/AIDS among 17-57 years of age, all under prior informed consent, antiretroviral therapy were evaluated clinically. Settled immunological ranges according to the value in of CD4 blood by 3 mm: without immunodeficiency 500 cel/mm3, mild: 200-499 cel/mm 3 severe: 200 cel/mm 3. Periodontal index of Russell (IP-R) was applied to each patient. We considered the values 1 and 2 as gingivitis and periodontitis 6-8. RESULTS: According to the status immune 10 (1.8%) without immunosuppression, 15 (27.8%) immunosuppression moderate and 30 (54.4%) with severe immunosuppression. The 6 IP-r value was observed in 25 women (43.6%), followed by the value 8 19 women (34.5%), and 11 (20%) value 2. Will appreciate an average of 4.36 for women without immunosuppression; immunosuppression moderate discreet increased to 4,71; severe immunosuppression, note the maximum numerical expression of 5.47. Analysis of variance showed a unit or statistically significant Association (p 0,05). CONCLUSION: There was a strong association between the deterioration of the immune system and the periodontal status of the women studied

Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc contents of the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea corteziensis, of seven coastal lagoons of NW Mexico.

The ranges of concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn of the soft tissues of C. corteziensis collected in seven coastal lagoons of NW Mexico were 1.55-7.45, 17.50-166.36, 4.13-9.49 and 245.34-2,304.12 microg/g (dry weight), respectively. Their distributions were not consistent and there were no seasonal trends, indicating different point sources of the metals in each lagoon. The mean Cd and Pb concentrations were 5.34 and 6.30 microg/g (dry weight), which are higher than the values indicative of polluted areas. Our data indicate that only the levels of Cd are a possible health risk in six of these lagoons, and only in the case of regular local consumers. In one, Cu and Zn reach levels of concern.

Sindrome tricorrinofalangico tipo I. / Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome, type 1

Se presentan dos pacientes, madre e hija, con las caracteristicas clinicas y radiologicas del sindrome tricorrinofalangico tipo I. La enfermedad sigue herencia autosomica dominante y tiene expresividad variable. Se senala el diagnostico diferencial con el sindrome tricorrinofalangico tipo II