[[Translated article]]Study of the Impact of Restrictions on Access to Biological Drugs for the Management of Psoriasis on the Minimum Disease Activity Criteria: Subanalysis of AEDV EQUIDAD and AME Projects. / Estudio del impacto de las restricciones en el acceso a fármacos biológicos en psoriasis sobre la actividad mínima de la enfermedad: subanálisis de los proyectos EQUIDAD y AME de la AEDV.

Spanish Autonomous Communities (ACs) are entitled to decide on the prescription requirements of their own territories, which can create inequalities in access to new drugs in the management of psoriasis. The objective of this study was to assess whether the level of restrictions in the access to new drugs for the management psoriasis was associated with the probability of achieving disease control measured using the Minimum Disease Activity (MDA) criteria. Therefore, we combined the results of 2 previous independent, cross-sectional studies: one that described the MDA in psoriasis by AC, and another that evaluated the level of restrictions to drug access by AC. We found that the higher the number of restrictions the lower the chances of achieving the MDA criteria (p = 0.013). Our results suggest that, in Spain, geographical differences in the access to new drugs may be creating health inequalities across the country.

[Translated article] Improvements in the Management of Patients With Generalized Pustular Psoriasis in Spain: Recommendations From a Group of Experts.

This consensus document analyzed the management and emotional journey of patients with GPP (generalized pustular psoriasis), and the desirable course of the disease while detecting critical points and translating them into needs and recommendations. This project was conducted in 3 phases with participation from an advisory committee (n=8), an expert panel (n=15) and patients with GPP (n=6). The patients' disease progression was heterogeneous due to disease variations, different health care models implemented and available resources, and the lack of diagnostic and treatment guidelines. A total of 45 different recommendations have been made to optimize management and address the emotional component of these patients. Five of them stand out for their impact and viability. Therefore, a roadmap of priorities has been made generally available to improve the management of patients with GPP.

Improvements in the Management of Patients With Generalized Pustular Psoriasis in Spain: Recommendations From a Group of Experts. / Mejoras en la atención al paciente con psoriasis pustulosa generalizada en España: recomendaciones de un grupo de expertos.

This consensus document analyzed the management and emotional journey of patients with GPP (generalized pustular psoriasis), and the desirable course of the disease while detecting critical points and translating them into needs and recommendations. This project was conducted in 3 phases with participation from an advisory committee (n=8), an expert panel (n=15) and patients with GPP (n=6). The patients' disease progression was heterogeneous due to disease variations, different health care models implemented and available resources, and the lack of diagnostic and treatment guidelines. A total of 45 different recommendations have been made to optimize management and address the emotional component of these patients. Five of them stand out for their impact and viability. Therefore, a roadmap of priorities has been made generally available to improve the management of patients with GPP.

Study of the Impact of Restrictions on Access to Biological Drugs for the Management of Psoriasis on the Minimum Disease Activity Criteria: Subanalysis of AEDV EQUIDAD and AME Projects. / Estudio del impacto de las restricciones en el acceso a fármacos biológicos en psoriasis sobre la actividad mínima de la enfermedad: subanálisis de los proyectos EQUIDAD y AME de la AEDV.

Spanish Autonomous Communities (ACs) are entitled to decide on the prescription requirements of their own territories, which can create inequalities in access to new drugs in the management of psoriasis. The objective of this study was to assess whether the level of restrictions in the access to new drugs for the management psoriasis was associated with the probability of achieving disease control measured using the Minimum Disease Activity (MDA) criteria. Therefore, we combined the results of 2 previous independent, cross-sectional studies: one that described the MDA in psoriasis by AC, and another that evaluated the level of restrictions to drug access by AC. We found that the higher the number of restrictions the lower the chances of achieving the MDA criteria (P=.013). Our results suggest that, in Spain, geographical differences in the access to new drugs may be creating health inequalities across the country.

Consensus on the diagnostic algorithm for chronic nodular prurigo. / Consenso sobre el algoritmo diagnóstico del prurigo crónico nodular.

Chronic nodular prurigo (CNP) is a chronic dermatological disease characterized by the presence of chronic pruritus and pruritic nodular lesions. The aim of this study was to reach consensus among a group of experts based on a non-systematic literature review and an algorithm for the clinical diagnosis of CNP. The resulting algorithm is structured in 3 blocks: 1) early identification of the patient with a possible diagnosis of CNP; 2) diagnosis and assessment of CNP; and 3) categorization of CNP (identification of the underlying causes or associated comorbidities). We believe that this clinical algorithm can facilitate the correct diagnosis of patients with CNP. Additionally, it raises awareness on the need for a multidisciplinary approach and specific treatment of CNP, steps of paramount importance to make better therapeutic decisions.

Standard and Expanded Series Patch Testing Update by the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC). / Actualización de la batería estándar y batería ampliada de pruebas alérgicas de contacto por el Grupo Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea (GEIDAC).

After the meeting held by the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC) back in October 2021, changes were suggested to the Spanish standard series patch testing. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2% pet.), textile dye mixt (6.6% pet.), linalool hydroperoxide (1% pet.), and limonene hydroperoxide (0.3% pet.) were, then, added to the series that agreed upon in 2016. Ethyldiamine and phenoxyethanol were excluded. Methyldibromoglutaronitrile, the mixture of sesquiterpene lactones, and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene (Lyral) were alo added to the extended Spanish series of 2022.

Toward Precision Medicine in Atopic Dermatitis Using Molecular-Based Approaches / Hacia una medicina de precisión en la Dermatitis Atópica mediante el uso de enfoques moleculares

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in developed countries. The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis is complex and involves a strong genetic predisposition and T-cell driven inflammation. Although our understanding of the pathology and drivers of this disease has improved in recent years, there are still knowledge gaps in the immune pathways involved. Therefore, advances in new omics technologies in atopic dermatitis will play a key role in understanding the pathogenesis of this burden disease and could develop preventive strategies and personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in genetics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metagenomics and understand how integrating multiple omics datasets will identify potential biomarkers and uncover nets of associations between several molecular levels (AU)

La dermatitis atópica es el trastorno inflamatorio de la piel crónico más común. Afecta hasta a 20% de los niños y a 10% de los adultos en países desarrollados. La fisiopatología de la dermatitis atópica es compleja e implica una fuerte predisposición genética e inflamación impulsada por células T. Aunque nuestra comprensión de la patología y las causas de esta enfermedad ha mejorado en los últimos años, aún existen lagunas de conocimiento en las vías inmunológicas involucradas. En consecuencia, los avances en nuevas tecnologías ómicas en la dermatitis atópica desempeñarán un papel clave en la comprensión de la patogénesis de esta enfermedad y podrían desarrollar estrategias preventivas y tratamientos personalizados. En esta revisión se discuten los últimos avances en genética, transcriptómica, epigenómica, proteómica y metagenómica, y entendemos cómo la integración de múltiples conjuntos de datos ómicos identificará posibles biomarcadores y descubrirá redes de asociaciones entre varios niveles moleculares (AU)

[Artículo traducido] Hacia una medicina de precisión en la dermatitis atópica mediante el uso de enfoques moleculares / Toward Precision Medicine in Atopic Dermatitis Using Molecular-Based Approaches

La dermatitis atópica es el trastorno inflamatorio de la piel crónico más común. Afecta hasta a 20% de los niños y a 10% de los adultos en países desarrollados. La fisiopatología de la dermatitis atópica es compleja e implica una fuerte predisposición genética e inflamación impulsada por células T. Aunque nuestra comprensión de la patología y las causas de esta enfermedad ha mejorado en los últimos años, aún existen lagunas de conocimiento en las vías inmunológicas involucradas. En consecuencia, los avances en nuevas tecnologías ómicas en la dermatitis atópica desempeñarán un papel clave en la comprensión de la patogénesis de esta enfermedad y podrían desarrollar estrategias preventivas y tratamientos personalizados. En esta revisión se discuten los últimos avances en genética, transcriptómica, epigenómica, proteómica y metagenómica, y entendemos cómo la integración de múltiples conjuntos de datos ómicos identificará posibles biomarcadores y descubrirá redes de asociaciones entre varios niveles moleculares (AU)

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in developed countries. The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis is complex and involves a strong genetic predisposition and T-cell driven inflammation. Although our understanding of the pathology and drivers of this disease has improved in recent years, there are still knowledge gaps in the immune pathways involved. Therefore, advances in new omics technologies in atopic dermatitis will play a key role in understanding the pathogenesis of this burden disease and could develop preventive strategies and personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in genetics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metagenomics and understand how integrating multiple omics datasets will identify potential biomarkers and uncover nets of associations between several molecular levels (AU)

[Translated article] Requirements for Accessing New Dermatology Drugs in Spain: Results of the EQUIDAD Study.

BACKGROUND: Although the Spanish Ministry of Health prepares national therapeutic positioning reports (TPRs) and drug reimbursement policies, each of the country's 17 autonomous communities (ACs) is responsible for health care services and prescription requirements in its territory. The aim of the EQUIDAD study was to describe and explore potential differences in prescription requirements for new dermatology drugs across the autonomous communities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in April and May, 2023. Two dermatologists with management responsibilities from each autonomous community reported on territorial and more local prescription requirements for drugs covered by national TPRs issued between 2016 and 2022. RESULTS: Thirty-three researchers from 17 autonomous communities participated. The data submitted revealed between-community inequities in access to new drugs. Overall, 64.7% of the regions imposed additional prescription requirements to those mentioned in the TPRs for psoriasis. This percentage was lower for atopic dermatitis (35.3%) and melanoma (11.8%). The most common requirement for accessing a new drug was a previous prescription for another drug. Differences and additional requirements were also detected at the local level (i.e., differences between hospitals within the same autonomous community). CONCLUSIONS: Spain's autonomous communities have multiple regional and local prescription requirements that are not aligned with national TPR recommendations. These differences result in inequitable access to new drugs for both patients and practitioners across Spain.

Toward Precision Medicine in Atopic Dermatitis Using Molecular-Based Approaches. / [Artículo traducido] Hacia una medicina de precisión en la dermatitis atópica mediante el uso de enfoques moleculares.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in developed countries. The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis is complex and involves a strong genetic predisposition and T-cell driven inflammation. Although our understanding of the pathology and drivers of this disease has improved in recent years, there are still knowledge gaps in the immune pathways involved. Therefore, advances in new omics technologies in atopic dermatitis will play a key role in understanding the pathogenesis of this burden disease and could develop preventive strategies and personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in genetics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metagenomics and understand how integrating multiple omics datasets will identify potential biomarkers and uncover nets of associations between several molecular levels.

Requirements for Accessing New Dermatology Drugs in Spain: Results of the EQUIDAD Study. / Condicionantes de acceso a nuevos medicamentos dermatológicos en España: resultados del proyecto EQUIDAD.

BACKGROUND: Although the Spanish Ministry of Health prepares national therapeutic positioning reports (TPRs) and drug reimbursement policies, each of the country's 17 autonomous communities (ACs) is responsible for health care services and prescription requirements in its territory. The aim of the EQUIDAD study was to describe and explore potential differences in prescription requirements for new dermatology drugs across the autonomous communities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in April and May, 2023. Two dermatologists with management responsibilities from each autonomous community reported on territorial and more local prescription requirements for drugs covered by national TPRs issued between 2016 and 2022. RESULTS: Thirty-three researchers from 17 autonomous communities participated. The data submitted revealed between-community inequities in access to new drugs. Overall, 64.7% of the regions imposed additional prescription requirements to those mentioned in the TPRs for psoriasis. This percentage was lower for atopic dermatitis (35.3%) and melanoma (11.8%). The most common requirement for accessing a new drug was a previous prescription for another drug. Differences and additional requirements were also detected at the local level (i.e., differences between hospitals within the same autonomous community). CONCLUSIONS: Spain's autonomous communities have multiple regional and local prescription requirements that are not aligned with national TPR recommendations. These differences result in inequitable access to new drugs for both patients and practitioners across Spain.

Four-year Epidemiological Surveillance of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy: Current Situation and Trends. / Vigilancia epidemiológica en los últimos 4 años del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea: situación actual y tendencias.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological surveillance of contact dermatitis is one of the objectives of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. Knowing whether the prevalence of positive tests to the different allergens changes over time is important for this monitoring process. OBJECTIVES: To describe the various temporary trends in allergen positivity in the GEIDAC standard series from 2018 through December 31, 2022. METHODS: This was a multicenter, observational trial of consecutive patients analyzed via patch tests as part of the study of possible allergic contact dermatitises collected prospectively within the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. The data was analyzed using 2 statistical tests: one homogeneity test (to describe the changes seen over time) and one trend test (to see whether the changes described followed a linear trend). RESULTS: A total of 11327 patients were included in the study. Overall, the allergens associated with a highest sensitization were nickel sulfate, methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix i. A statistically significant decrease was found in the percentage of methylisothiazolinone positive tests across the study years with an orderly trend. CONCLUSIONS: Although various changes were seen in the sensitizations trends to several allergens of the standard testing, it became obvious that a high sensitization to nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and fragrances mix i remained. Only a significant downward trend was seen for methylisothiazolinone.

Toward Precision Medicine in Atopic Dermatitis Using Molecular-Based Approaches.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in developed countries. The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis is complex and involves a strong genetic predisposition and T-cell driven inflammation. Although our understanding of the pathology and drivers of this disease has improved in recent years, there are still knowledge gaps in the immune pathways involved. Therefore, advances in new omics technologies in atopic dermatitis will play a key role in understanding the pathogenesis of this burden disease and could develop preventive strategies and personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in genetics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metagenomics and understand how integrating multiple omics datasets will identify potential biomarkers and uncover nets of associations between several molecular levels.

[Cerebral palsy in literature, cinema and television]. / La paralisis cerebral en la literatura, el cine y la television.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy is defined as a group of developmental disorders affecting movement and posture that limit a person's activity. They due to non-progressive alterations that occurred in the developing foetal or infant brain in the early years of life and are often accompanied by epilepsy and cognitive, sensory, communication or behavioural disorders. Cerebral palsy has been portrayed in literature, cinema and television, and this study aims to explore how it has been represented in these media. DEVELOPMENT: Cerebral palsy has frequently been represented in literature, cinema and television and with varying degrees of realism. The symptoms, the experiences of patients, relatives and caregivers, treatments, supporting products, architectural barriers or social and labour relations have all been portrayed. Sometimes they have been represented in a way that is very close to reality, while in other cases the most dramatic aspects have been amplified to add to the plot. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral palsy has been widely represented in works of fiction and testimonies, comics, films, short films, documentaries and television series, sometimes in a very realistic way, while in others it has been done in a way that may increase the stigma surrounding this condition by offering a distorted vision of reality. Nevertheless, in any event they have helped to make this condition more visible.

TITLE: La paralisis cerebral en la literatura, el cine y la television.Introduccion. La paralisis cerebral se define como un grupo de trastornos del desarrollo del movimiento y la postura que limitan la actividad de la persona, que se deben a alteraciones no progresivas que se produjeron en el cerebro fetal o infantil en desarrollo en los primeros años de vida y que se acompaña con frecuencia de epilepsia, alteraciones cognitivas, sensoriales, de la comunicacion o el comportamiento. La paralisis cerebral se ha mostrado en la literatura, el cine y la television, y este estudio tiene por objetivo conocer como se ha representado en estos medios. Desarrollo. La paralisis cerebral se ha representado en la literatura, el cine y la television de manera exhaustiva y con mayor o menor acierto. Se ha mostrado la sintomatologia, las vivencias de pacientes, familiares y cuidadores, los tratamientos, los productos de apoyo, las barreras arquitectonicas o las relaciones sociales y laborales. En ocasiones, la representacion se ha realizado de forma muy ajustada a la realidad, mientras que en otros casos se han amplificado los aspectos mas dramaticos para dar consistencia a la trama. Conclusiones. La paralisis cerebral se ha representado ampliamente en obras de ficcion y testimonio, comics, peliculas, cortometrajes, documentales y series de television, en ocasiones de manera muy realista, mientras que en otras se ha podido contribuir a incrementar el estigma ofreciendo una vision distorsionada de la realidad, pero que en cualquier caso han contribuido a dar visibilidad a este cuadro patologico.

[Muscular dystrophies in literature, cinema and television]. / Las distrofias musculares en la literatura, el cine y la television.

INTRODUCTION: Muscular dystrophies are inherited disorders, produced by a genetic mutation, with a slow or rapid progression, that basically affect striated muscle tissue. There are several clinical forms, the most frequent being Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy. AIM: To analyse how muscular dystrophies have been portrayed in literature, cinema and television. DEVELOPMENT: Muscular dystrophy is a disorder that has been reflected in literature, cinema and television. In some cases it is only mentioned, sometimes it plays a secondary role in the plot, and in others it is the lead character who suffers from the disease. In general, reference is made to Duchenne's disease and, albeit less frequently, to Becker muscular dystrophy, although in some cases the patient is just said to be suffering from muscular dystrophy, without specifying what clinical variety it belongs to. Testimonials, novels, comics, fiction films, documentaries, short films and television programmes have all been produced with the aim of making the disease and its implications more widely known, as well as making the public aware of the need to invest resources in research. CONCLUSIONS: Muscular dystrophy has been portrayed quite realistically in literature, cinema and television, and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is the clinical variety that has been shown most often. Aspects that have been reflected include its symptoms, progression, prognosis, the role of the family and caregivers, sexuality, palliative care, patients' will to overcome difficulties and the need to raise society's awareness of the condition and to invest more resources in research.

TITLE: Las distrofias musculares en la literatura, el cine y la television.Introduccion. Las distrofias musculares son enfermedades hereditarias, producidas por una mutacion genetica, lentas o rapidamente progresivas, que afectan fundamentalmente a la musculatura estriada. Existen diversas formas clinicas, y las mas frecuentes son la distrofia muscular de Duchenne y la distrofia muscular de Becker. Objetivo. Analizar como se han representado las distrofias musculares en la literatura, el cine y la television. Desarrollo. La distrofia muscular ha sido reflejada en la literatura, el cine y la television. En algunos casos solo se menciona, en otros tiene un papel secundario en la trama y en otros es un personaje principal el que sufre la enfermedad. Generalmente se hace referencia a la enfermedad de Duchenne, y con menos frecuencia a la de Becker, aunque en algunos casos solo se menciona que el paciente presenta distrofia muscular, sin especificar a que variedad clinica pertenece. Podemos encontrar obras de testimonio, novelas, comics, largometrajes de ficcion, documentales, cortos y programas televisivos que pretenden dar a conocer la enfermedad y sus implicaciones, y concienciar a la poblacion sobre la necesidad de invertir recursos en la investigacion. Conclusiones. La distrofia muscular ha sido representada con realismo en la literatura, el cine y la television, y la distrofia muscular de Duchenne es la variedad clinica que se ha mostrado mas habitualmente. Se han reflejado los sintomas, la evolucion, el pronostico, el papel de la familia y los cuidadores, la sexualidad, los tratamientos paliativos, el espiritu de superacion, y la necesidad de concienciar a la sociedad y de invertir mas recursos en investigacion.

Description of Patients Treated with Biologic Drugs as First-Line Systemic Therapy in the BIOBADADERM Registry Between 2008 and 2016. / Descripción de los pacientes que reciben biológicos como primer tratamiento sistémico en el registro BIOBADADERM durante el periodo 2008-2016.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Biologic drugs are usually prescribed as second-line treatment for psoriasis, that is, after the patient has first been treated with a conventional psoriasis drug. There are, however, cases where, depending on the characteristics of the patient or the judgement of the physician, biologics may be chosen as first-line therapy. No studies to date have analyzed the demographics or clinical characteristics of patients in this setting or the safety profile of the agents used. The main aim of this study was to characterize these aspects of first-line biologic therapy and compare them to those observed for patients receiving biologics as second-line therapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We conducted an observational study of 181 patients treated in various centers with a systemic biologic drug as first-line treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis between January 2008 and November 2016. All the patients were registered in the Spanish Registry of Adverse Events Associated with Biologic Drugs in Dermatology. RESULTS: The characteristics of the first- and second-line groups were very similar, although the patients receiving a biologic as first-line treatment for their psoriasis were older. No differences were observed for disease severity (assessed using the PASI) or time to diagnosis. Hypertension, diabetes, and liver disease were all more common in the first-line group. There were no differences between the groups in terms of reasons for drug withdrawal or occurrence of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: No major differences were found between patients with psoriasis receiving biologic drugs as first- or second-line therapy, a finding that provides further evidence of the safety of biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis.