Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti populations to pyriproxyfen in the Federal District of Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: In Brasilia, pyriproxyfen (PPF; 0.01 mg/L) has been used for the larval control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes since 2016. Information on the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to PPF, and the development of resistance in populations from the Federal District of Brazil (FD) is limited. It is essential to monitor the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to insecticides in order to improve vector control strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti populations from five areas of Brasilia to PPF. METHODS: We performed dose-response tests to estimate the emergence inhibition and resistance ratio of each field population, including the Rockefeller reference population. We also analyzed egg positivity, and the density and mortality of larvae and pupae. RESULTS: Populations from Vila Planalto (RR50=1.7), Regiment Guards Cavalry (RR50=2.5), and Sub-secretary of Justice Complex (RR50=3.7) presented high susceptibility to PPF, while the RR values of populations from Lago Norte (RR50=7.7) and Varjão (RR50=5.9) were moderately high, suggesting the emergence of insipient resistance to PPF in Brasilia. At 30 ng/mL, the highest larvae mortality rate was 2.7% for the population from Lago Norte, while that of pupae was 92.1% for Varjão and Vila Planalto. CONCLUSIONS: The five populations of Ae. aegypti from the FD are susceptible to PPF and there is a need to monitor the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti in new areas of the FD.

Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti populations to pyriproxyfen in the Federal District of Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: In Brasilia, pyriproxyfen (PPF; 0.01 mg/L) has been used for the larval control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes since 2016. Information on the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to PPF, and the development of resistance in populations from the Federal District of Brazil (FD) is limited. It is essential to monitor the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to insecticides in order to improve vector control strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti populations from five areas of Brasilia to PPF. METHODS: We performed dose-response tests to estimate the emergence inhibition and resistance ratio of each field population, including the Rockefeller reference population. We also analyzed egg positivity, and the density and mortality of larvae and pupae. RESULTS: Populations from Vila Planalto (RR50=1.7), Regiment Guards Cavalry (RR50=2.5), and Sub-secretary of Justice Complex (RR50=3.7) presented high susceptibility to PPF, while the RR values of populations from Lago Norte (RR50=7.7) and Varjão (RR50=5.9) were moderately high, suggesting the emergence of insipient resistance to PPF in Brasilia. At 30 ng/mL, the highest larvae mortality rate was 2.7% for the population from Lago Norte, while that of pupae was 92.1% for Varjão and Vila Planalto. CONCLUSIONS: The five populations of Ae. aegypti from the FD are susceptible to PPF and there is a need to monitor the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti in new areas of the FD.

Papel do enfermeiro nos maus tratos/negligência das crianças - Preocupação contínua / Nurse's role in child abuse/negligence - Continuing concern

Os maus tratos à criança e jovem são um problema constante na nossa era atual, envolvendo diferentes formas de agressão: física, psicológica, negligência e abuso sexual. Assumindo com a evolução da situação contornos de gravidade progressiva consideramos fundamental a importância da identificação precoce e intervenção imediata nos serviços de saúde. Metodologia: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, com pesquisa em bases de dados científicos (2012 - 2017). Objetivo: Conhecer a intervenção do enfermeiro na prevenção e encaminhamento de situações de maus tratos nas crianças e jovens, com recurso à prática baseada na evidência. Resultados: Evidências revelam a importância do alerta e da notificação o mais precoce possível por toda a equipa multidisciplinar. É importante o envolvimento e conhecimento da família em redor da criança e jovem. Os pares devem estar despertos para a problemática, desenvolvendo competências e formação na área. Conclusões: Mobilizar a prática baseada na evidência na área dos maus tratos a crianças e jovens contribui para uma intervenção de enfermagem de excelência

Child abuse is a constant problem in our present age, involving different forms of aggression: physical aggression, neglect, psychological aggression and sexual abuse. Assuming with the evolution of the situation contours of progressive gravity necessitating therefore early identification and immediate intervention in the health services. Methodology: Systematic Review of Literature, with research in scientific databases (2012 - 2017). Objective: To know the importance of nurses intervention in the prevention and referral of situations of abuse in children and young people, using recourse based on evidence. Results: Evidence reveals the importance of early warning and notification by the multidisciplinary team. It is important the involvement and knowledge of the family around the child and young person. The peers must be awake to the problem, developing skills and training in the area. Conclusions: Mobilizing evidence-based practice in the area of child and youth maltreatment contributes to a nursing intervention of excellence.