Treatment of gastric varices with cyanoacrylate complicated by systemic embolization.

Acute gastric variceal bleeding is a life-threatening condition that could be effectively treated with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection diluted with lipiodol. The mixture acts as a tissue adhesive that polymerizes when in contact with blood in a gastric varix. This work reports a patient that presented to the emergency department with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to acute variceal bleeding, who developed systemic embolization following cyanoacrylate injection therapy. This complication culminated in cerebral, splenic and renal infarctions with a fatal outcome. Systemic embolization is a very rare, but the most severe complication associated with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and should be considered in patients undergoing this treatment.

Treatment of gastric varices with cyanoacrylate complicated by systemic embolization / Tratamiento de várices gástricas con cianoacrilato complicado con embolización sistémica

ABSTRACT Acute gastric variceal bleeding is a life-threatening condition that could be effectively treated with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection diluted with lipiodol. The mixture acts as a tissue adhesive that polymerizes when in contact with blood in a gastric varix. This work reports a patient that presented to the emergency department with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to acute variceal bleeding, who developed systemic embolization following cyanoacrylate injection therapy. This complication culminated in cerebral, splenic and renal infarctions with a fatal outcome. Systemic embolization is a very rare, but the most severe complication associated with endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and should be considered in patients undergoing this treatment.

RESUMEN La hemorragia digestiva por várices gástricas es una afección potencialmente mortal que puede tratarse eficazmente con la inyección endoscópica de cianoacrilato diluida con lipiodol. La mezcla actúa como un adhesivo tisular que se polimeriza cuando entra en contacto con la sangre de la várice gástrica. Este trabajo nos reporta un paciente que acudió al servicio de urgencias con hemorragia digestiva alta debido a hemorragia aguda por várices, que desarrolló embolización sistémica después de la terapia con inyección de cianoacrilato. Esta complicación culminó en infartos cerebrales, esplénicos y renales con desenlace fatal. La embolización sistémica es una complicación muy rara, pero con alta mortalidad, asociada con la inyección endoscópica de cianoacrilato y debe considerarse en pacientes sometidos a este tratamiento.

Cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma: A case report of a rare gynecological tumor from embryological remains of the female genital tract / Adenocarcinoma mesonéfrico cervical: Relato de caso de um tumor ginecológico raro de restos embriológicos do trato genital feminino

Abstract Introduction Malignant mesonephric tumors are uncommon in the female genital tract, and they are usually located where embryonic remnants of Wolffian ducts are detected, such as the uterine cervix. The information about these tumors, their treatment protocol, and prognosis are scarce. Case report A 60-year-old woman with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding was initially diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. After suspicion co-testing, the patient underwent a loop electrosurgical excision of the cervix and was eventually diagnosed with mesonephric adenocarcinoma. She was subjected to a radical hysterectomy, which revealed International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IB1 stage, and adjuvant radiotherapy. The follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence after 60 months. Conclusion We present the case of a woman with cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma. When compared with the literature, this case had the longest clinical follow-up without evidence of recurrence, which reinforces the concept that these tumors are associated with a favorable prognosis if managed according to the guidelines defined for the treatment of patients with cervical adenocarcinomas. Though a rare entity, it should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis for other cervical cancers.

Cervical Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report of a Rare Gynecological Tumor from Embryological Remains of the Female Genital Tract.

INTRODUCTION: Malignant mesonephric tumors are uncommon in the female genital tract, and they are usually located where embryonic remnants of Wolffian ducts are detected, such as the uterine cervix. The information about these tumors, their treatment protocol, and prognosis are scarce. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old woman with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding was initially diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. After suspicion co-testing, the patient underwent a loop electrosurgical excision of the cervix and was eventually diagnosed with mesonephric adenocarcinoma. She was subjected to a radical hysterectomy, which revealed International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IB1 stage, and adjuvant radiotherapy. The follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence after 60 months. CONCLUSION: We present the case of a woman with cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma. When compared with the literature, this case had the longest clinical follow-up without evidence of recurrence, which reinforces the concept that these tumors are associated with a favorable prognosis if managed according to the guidelines defined for the treatment of patients with cervical adenocarcinomas. Though a rare entity, it should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis for other cervical cancers.

Career Adaptability in the 9th Year: Efficacy of an Intervention in Two Consecutive School Years / Adaptabilidade de Carreira no 9º ano: Eficácia da Intervenção em Dois Anos Letivos Consecutivos / Adaptación Escolar en el 9º año: Eficacia de la intervención en dos años Escolares Consecutivos

Abstract The program Eu Pertenço ao Meu Futuro! (I Belong to My Future!) has evidence of effectiveness in the career adaptability of 9th-year Portuguese students. This study evaluates its effectiveness in two consecutive school years, 2015/16 and 2016/17 - a period with a series of government changes that impacted school educational projects. This study was conducted with 2,376 students (1201 (50.5%) boys; age M = 14.53 years; SD = .836), 1138 of whom were randomized into the experimental group and 816 in the control group. Data were collected by means of the Adaptability Scale, administered in a pre- and posttest with a seven-weeks interval, and treated using the MANOVA. The intervention achieved the expected results regarding confidence and control in 2016/17. The program had different effects in the two school years, reaching more favorable outcomes in the second year, which may be explained by contextual factors and the intervention process.

Resumo O programa Eu Pertenço ao Meu Futuro! tem evidências de eficácia na adaptabilidade de carreira de alunos/as portugueses do 9.º ano escolar. Contudo, variações desta eficácia, nunca foram analisadas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia daquele em dois anos letivos consecutivos, 2015/16 e 2016/17, período de mudanças governamentais, com impacto nos projetos educativos das escolas. Participaram 2376 alunos/as [1201 (50.5%) rapazes; idade M = 14.53 anos; DP = .836], 1138 do grupo experimental e 816 do grupo de controlo. Respostas à Escala sobre Adaptabilidade, num pré e pós-teste, intervalados sete semanas, foram tratadas por meio da MANOVA. Os resultados indicam que a intervenção atingiu resultados esperados, na confiança e no controlo, em 2016/17. O programa teve efeitos distintos nos dois anos letivos, mais favoráveis no segundo ano. Torna-se necessário considerar os fatores contextuais e do processo da intervenção que possam explicar tais efeitos.

Resumen El programa Eu Pertenço ao Meu Futuro! ("¡Pertenezco a mi futuro!") tiene evidencia de eficacia en la adaptación de los/las estudiantes portugueses/as del 9.º año. Pero todavía no se han estudiado las variaciones de esta eficacia. Este estudio pretende evaluar la eficacia de esta adaptación en dos años escolares consecutivos, 2015/16 y 2016/17, un período de cambios de gobierno con impactos en los proyectos educativos escolares. Participaron 2.376 estudiantes [1.201 (50,5%) niños; edad M = 14,53 años; DE = .836], 1.138 del grupo experimental y 816 del grupo control. Las respuestas a la Escala de Adaptabilidad, en un pre-test y post-test, con un intervalo de siete semanas, se trataron con MANOVA. Los resultados indican que la intervención logró los resultados esperados en confianza y control en el 2016/17. El programa tuvo diferentes efectos en los años escolares, más favorables en el segundo año. Es necesario considerar los factores contextuales y el proceso de intervención que pueden explicar tales efectos.

Delay in head and neck cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on health outcomes.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created unprecedent challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. Oncology services have been reorganized to decrease the risk of nosocomial acquisition of SARS-CoV-2, but changes in treatment pathways and follow-up cancer care can result in patients receiving suboptimal or delayed care. Herein, we describe a cross-sectional nested cohort study conducted to evaluate delays in care for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in post-treatment follow-up or palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northeast Brazil and its impact on health outcomes. Information was extracted from medical records and supplemented by telephone interviews. We compared the following health outcomes: self-perception of anxiety or sadness, fear of COVID-19 infection, cancer-related complications during social isolation, self-medication, diagnosis of COVID-19, and death between patients with and without delayed cancer care. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare distributions of continuous variables and the Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. Thirty-one HNC patients were included in the study, and no case of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was found. Delayed cancer care due to restriction in health services was reported in 58.1% of cases, and there was no report of telemedicine use during the COVID-19 outbreak. Cancer-related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic were described for most patients (67.7%) and included pain or discomfort, swelling, and dyspnea. Eight (25.8%) patients reported use of prescribed morphine or codeine to manage pain and six (19.4%) patients reported self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We found an association between delayed HNC care and the use of self-medication (p = 0.028). This study indicated that patients with delayed HNC care during the COVID-19 outbreak are more likely to use self-medication with NSAIDs for pain management. Better strategies to follow HNC patients in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities need to be discussed and implemented.

SNP Markers as a Successful Molecular Tool for Assessing Species Identity and Geographic Origin of Trees in the Economically Important South American Legume Genus Dipteryx.

Dipteryx timber has been heavily exploited in South America since 2000s due to the increasing international demand for hardwood. Developing tools for the genetic identification of Dipteryx species and their geographical origin can help to promote legal trading of timber. A collection of 800 individual trees, belonging to 6 different Dipteryx species, was genotyped based on 171 molecular markers. After the exclusion of markers out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or with no polymorphism or low amplification, 83 nuclear, 29 chloroplast, 13 mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and 2 chloroplast and 5 mitochondrial INDELS remained. Six genetic groups were identified using Bayesian Structure analyses of the nuclear SNPs, which corresponded to the different Dipteryx species collected in the field. Seventeen highly informative markers were identified as suitable for species identification and obtained self-assignment success rates to species level of 78-96%. An additional set of 15 molecular markers was selected to determine the different genetic clusters found in Dipteryx odorata and Dipteryx ferrea, obtaining self-assignment success rates of 91-100%. The success to assign samples to the correct country of origin using all or only the informative markers improved when using the nearest neighbor approach (69-92%) compared to the Bayesian approach (33-80%). While nuclear and chloroplast SNPs were more suitable for differentiating the different Dipteryx species, mitochondrial SNPs were ideal for determining the genetic clusters of D. odorata and D. ferrea. These 32 selected SNPs will be invaluable genetic tools for the accurate identification of species and country of origin of Dipteryx timber.

Delay in head and neck cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on health outcomes

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created unprecedent challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. Oncology services have been reorganized to decrease the risk of nosocomial acquisition of SARS-CoV-2, but changes in treatment pathways and follow-up cancer care can result in patients receiving suboptimal or delayed care. Herein, we describe a cross-sectional nested cohort study conducted to evaluate delays in care for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in post-treatment follow-up or palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northeast Brazil and its impact on health outcomes. Information was extracted from medical records and supplemented by telephone interviews. We compared the following health outcomes: self-perception of anxiety or sadness, fear of COVID-19 infection, cancer-related complications during social isolation, self-medication, diagnosis of COVID-19, and death between patients with and without delayed cancer care. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare distributions of continuous variables and the Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. Thirty-one HNC patients were included in the study, and no case of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was found. Delayed cancer care due to restriction in health services was reported in 58.1% of cases, and there was no report of telemedicine use during the COVID-19 outbreak. Cancer-related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic were described for most patients (67.7%) and included pain or discomfort, swelling, and dyspnea. Eight (25.8%) patients reported use of prescribed morphine or codeine to manage pain and six (19.4%) patients reported self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We found an association between delayed HNC care and the use of self-medication (p = 0.028). This study indicated that patients with delayed HNC care during the COVID-19 outbreak are more likely to use self-medication with NSAIDs for pain management. Better strategies to follow HNC patients in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities need to be discussed and implemented.

Tratamento da doença de Hailey-Hailey com laser de CO2 fracionado: uma série de três casos / Treatment of the Hailey-Hailey disease with fractional CO2 laser: a three-case series

A doença de Hailey-Hailey ou pênfigo familiar benigno é condição rara, que se caracteriza por lesões vesiculares e erosões, associadas a dor e queimação, que comprometem a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Existem vários tratamentos tópicos e sistêmicos que podem promover temporariamente a remissão das lesões, não existindo tratamento curativo. Algumas opções de tratamento com resultados duradouros abrangem a dermoabrasão e a vaporização com laser de Erbium YAG ou CO2. Relatamos três casos de pacientes com lesões recorrentes e respostas limitadas aos tratamentos clássicos, que apresentaram melhora clínica importante e alívio sintomático após terapia com laser de CO2 fracionado.

The Hailey-Hailey disease or familial benign pemphigus is a rare condition, characterized by vesicular lesions and erosions with a predilection for intertriginous areas associated with pain and burning sensation that affect the quality of life of patients. There are many topical and systemic treatments for the injuries that can temporarily promote partial or complete remission, but there is no curative treatment. Some treatment options with lasting results include dermabrasion and Erbium laser resurfacing (YAG or CO2). We report three cases of patients with recurrent lesions and limited responses to classical treatments, which showed significant clinical improvement after fractional CO2 laser therapy.

Ocronose exógena tratada com laser de CO2 / Exogenous ochronosis treated with CO2 Laser

Ocronose exógena é doença cutânea rara, geralmente associada ao uso tópico de hidroquinona. Leva à hiperpigmentação acinzentada ou preto-azulada, devido à deposição dérmica de pigmento ocre. Não existe tratamento padronizado, e as opções terapêuticas são em geral frustrantes. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com ocronose exógena após uso de hidroquinona, tratada com laser fracionado de CO2 e apresentando resultado bastante satisfatório.

Exogenous Ochronosis is a rare skin disease. It is usually associated with the topical use of hydroquinone, resulting in a grayish or bluish black hyperpigmentation due to dermal deposition of ocher pigment. There is no gold standard treatment and the therapeutic options are generally not effective. We report a case of a patient with exogenous achronosis after use of Hydroquinone, treated with CO2 Laser and showing very good results.

Self-perception of oral health in older adults from an urban population in Lisbon, Portugal.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze if the self-perception of oral health in the urban context is associated with sociodemographic factors that interfere in the life quality of oral health. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with convenience sample of older individuals (65 years old or more) enrolled in the Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde de Lisboa Norte (ACES Lisboa Norte - Health Centers Groupings North Lisbon). The self-perception of oral health and associated life quality was evaluated by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and the individuals were classified according to sociodemographic characteristics. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha (α). Later, we used binary logistic regression models to characterize the factors associated with the self-perception of oral health, considering the sociodemographic variables and the older adults' clinical conditions of oral health and establishing the crude and adjusted (to age) odds ratios and their 90% confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total of 369 older adults participated in this study, with an average age of 74.2 years (SD = 6.75); 62.9% were female. On average, the index was moderated, with tendency to be high: 32.9 (SD = 3.6; 12-36 interval). The Cronbach's alpha was high: 0.805. Age, marital status, and the last dental appointment were the factors significantly associated with self-perception of oral health. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that these individuals have a moderate, with tendency to high, self-perception of oral health. The self-perception of oral health assessment allowed us to identify the main associated sociodemographic factors. This instrument can help guiding planning strategies and oral health promotion directed toward a better life quality for this population group. OBJETIVO: Analisar se a autopercepção de saúde bucal em contexto urbano está associada aos factores sociodemográficos que interferem na qualidade de vida da saúde bucal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de indivíduos idosos (65 anos ou mais) inscritos no Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde de Lisboa Norte. A autopercepção da saúde bucal e qualidade de vida associada foi avaliada pelo índice de avaliação da saúde bucal em idosos (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) e os indivíduos foram classificados de acordo com as características sociodemográficas. A consistência interna do questionário foi avaliada por meio do alfa (α) de Cronbach. Posteriormente, foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística binária para caracterizar os factores associados com a autopercepção de saúde bucal considerando as variáveis sociodemográficas e de condições clínicas de saúde bucal dos idosos e determinados os odds ratios bruto e ajustado (à idade) e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 90%. RESULTADOS: Participaram 369 idosos, com média de idade de 74,2 anos (DP = 6,75); 62,9% eram do sexo feminino. Em média, o índice foi moderado com tendência a elevado: 32,9 (DP = 3,6; intervalo 12-36). O alfa de Cronbach foi elevado: 0,805. A idade, o estado civil e a última consulta de Medicina Dentária foram os factores significativamente associados a autopercepção da saúde bucal. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo mostra que esses indivíduos apresentam uma autopercepção de saúde bucal moderada, com tendência a elevada. A avaliação da autopercepção da saúde bucal permitiu identificar os principais factores sociodemográficos associados. Este instrumento pode contribuir para orientar as estratégias de planejamento e promoção da saúde bucal direcionadas para uma melhor qualidade de vida deste grupo populacional.

Self-perception of oral health in older adults from an urban population in Lisbon, Portugal / Autopercepção da saúde bucal em idosos de uma população urbana em Lisboa, Portugal

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze if the self-perception of oral health in the urban context is associated with sociodemographic factors that interfere in the life quality of oral health. METHODS Cross-sectional study with convenience sample of older individuals (65 years old or more) enrolled in the Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde de Lisboa Norte (ACES Lisboa Norte - Health Centers Groupings North Lisbon). The self-perception of oral health and associated life quality was evaluated by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and the individuals were classified according to sociodemographic characteristics. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha (α). Later, we used binary logistic regression models to characterize the factors associated with the self-perception of oral health, considering the sociodemographic variables and the older adults' clinical conditions of oral health and establishing the crude and adjusted (to age) odds ratios and their 90% confidence intervals. RESULTS A total of 369 older adults participated in this study, with an average age of 74.2 years (SD = 6.75); 62.9% were female. On average, the index was moderated, with tendency to be high: 32.9 (SD = 3.6; 12-36 interval). The Cronbach's alpha was high: 0.805. Age, marital status, and the last dental appointment were the factors significantly associated with self-perception of oral health. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that these individuals have a moderate, with tendency to high, self-perception of oral health. The self-perception of oral health assessment allowed us to identify the main associated sociodemographic factors. This instrument can help guiding planning strategies and oral health promotion directed toward a better life quality for this population group.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar se a autopercepção de saúde bucal em contexto urbano está associada aos factores sociodemográficos que interferem na qualidade de vida da saúde bucal. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de indivíduos idosos (65 anos ou mais) inscritos no Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde de Lisboa Norte. A autopercepção da saúde bucal e qualidade de vida associada foi avaliada pelo índice de avaliação da saúde bucal em idosos (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) e os indivíduos foram classificados de acordo com as características sociodemográficas. A consistência interna do questionário foi avaliada por meio do alfa (α) de Cronbach. Posteriormente, foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística binária para caracterizar os factores associados com a autopercepção de saúde bucal considerando as variáveis sociodemográficas e de condições clínicas de saúde bucal dos idosos e determinados os odds ratios bruto e ajustado (à idade) e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 90%. RESULTADOS Participaram 369 idosos, com média de idade de 74,2 anos (DP = 6,75); 62,9% eram do sexo feminino. Em média, o índice foi moderado com tendência a elevado: 32,9 (DP = 3,6; intervalo 12-36). O alfa de Cronbach foi elevado: 0,805. A idade, o estado civil e a última consulta de Medicina Dentária foram os factores significativamente associados a autopercepção da saúde bucal. CONCLUSÕES O estudo mostra que esses indivíduos apresentam uma autopercepção de saúde bucal moderada, com tendência a elevada. A avaliação da autopercepção da saúde bucal permitiu identificar os principais factores sociodemográficos associados. Este instrumento pode contribuir para orientar as estratégias de planejamento e promoção da saúde bucal direcionadas para uma melhor qualidade de vida deste grupo populacional.

Representação social da terapia da fala nos profissionais e não profissionais de saúde portugueses / Social representation of speech therapy in portuguese health professionals and non-health professionals

OBJETIVO: identificar e analisar as dimensões de significação (ou universos semânticos) que organizam as ideias, emoções e imagens em relação à terapia da fala nos profissionais e não profissionais de saúde. MÉTODOS: estudo qualitativo e quantitativo de metodologia transversal, constituído por uma amostra de 166 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, 40 (24.1%) terapeutas da fala, 39 (23,5%) outros profissionais de saúde e 87 (52,4%) não profissionais de saúde. (M=36anos;Range idade =18-75anos).Utilizou-se uma escala analógica visual, um questionário sociodemográfico e um guião de entrevista estruturada, baseada na técnica de evocação livre, ordem de evocação e axioma de importância. A análise dos dados qualitativos foi feita com recurso à Teoria das Representações Sociais, aliada à Teoria do Núcleo Central e a análise dos dados quantitativos com recurso a uma Base de dados no Microsoft Excel, Software SPSS 19.0 para o Windows: análise dos perfis por meio de frequências simples, médias e desvio padrão e organização das estruturas analisadas pela técnica do quadro de quatro casas. RESULTADOS: obteve-se para o termo indutor terapia da fala 830 evocações que após homogeneização e análise dos termos evocados, reproduziu 495 unidades de registro, e um sistema representacional de 13 categorias. O núcleo central da representação está centrado na comunicação, qualificação, bem-estar, diagnóstico e tratamento da pessoa com doença. CONCLUSÃO: a comunicação foi a cognição semântica mais consensual sobre a representação social da terapia da fala entre os profissionais. .

PURPOSE: to identify and analyse the dimensions of significance (or semantic universes) that organise the ideas, emotions and images of health and non health professionals in relation to speech therapy. METHODS: a qualitative and quantitative study of crossover design, using a sample of 166 individuals of both sexes: 40 (24.1%), speech therapists, 39 (23.5%), other health professionals and 87 (52.4) non-health professionals. (M= 36 years; age Range =18-75 years). We used a visual analogue scale, a socio-demographic questionnaire and a structured interview script, based on free recall technique, order of recall and axiom of importance. The Theory of Social Representations and Central Nucleus Theory were used for the qualitative data analysis; the quantitative data analysis employed a Microsoft Excel database, SPSS 19.0 software for Windows: profile analysis using simple frequencies, averages and standard deviations, and organisation structures analysed by the four-house framework technique. RESULTS: 830 recalls were obtained by the cue "speech therapy", which reproduced 495 registry units after the homogenisation and analysis of the terms recalled, and a 13-category representational system. The core representation is centred on communication skills, well-being, diagnosis and treatment of people with disease. CONCLUSION: communication was the most consensual semantic cognition for the social representation of speech therapy among professionals. .

Anesthetic approach of pregnant woman with cerebral arteriovenous malformation and subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy: case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during pregnancy is a rare event, and about half the cases are due to arteriovenous malformations (AVM). The authors describe the anesthetic approach of a 39 week pregnant patient scheduled for cesarean section, with a history of SAH due to AVM at 22 week gestation. CASE REPORT: 39 week pregnant patient, healthy prior to pregnancy, with a history of SAH at 22 week gestation, manifested by headache, vomiting, and dizziness without loss of consciousness or other deficits on admission to the emergency room. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left frontal AVM. After a short hospital stay for stabilization and diagnosis, the fi nal medical decision was to maintain the pregnancy and a multidisciplinary follow-up by neurosurgery and high-risk obstetric consultation. An elective cesarean section was performed at 39 weeks under epidural anesthesia. During the intraoperative period, an episode of hypotension rapidly reversed with phenylephrine occurred. The newborn Apgar score was 10/10. An epidural catheter was used for postoperative analgesia, also uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: There are very few published cases of anesthetic approach for pregnant women with symptomatic AVM. All decisions made by the multidisciplinary team, from choosing to continue the pregnancy to the ideal time for AVM intervention and type of anesthesia and analgesia, were weighted according to the risk of brain damage. Regarding the anesthetic procedure, the authors emphasize the need for hemodynamic stability.

Abordagem anestésica de grávida com malformação arteriovenosa cerebral e hemorragia subaracnoidea durante a gravidez: relato de caso / Anesthetic approach of pregnant woman with cerebral arteriovenous malformation and subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy: case report / Abordaje anestésico de embarazada con malformación arteriovenosa cerebral y hemorragia subaracnoidea durante el embarazo: relato de caso

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A ocorrência de hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) durante a gravidez é rara, sendo que cerca de metade é devida a malformações arteriovenosas (MAV). Os autores descrevem a abordagem anestésica de uma grávida de 39 semanas proposta para cesárea, com história de HSA por MAV às 22 semanas. RELATO DO CASO: Grávida de 39 semanas, saudável previamente à gravidez, com antecedentes de HSA às 22 semanas de gestação, manifestada por cefaleias, vômitos e tonturas, sem perda de consciência ou outros déficits à admissão no serviço de urgência. A ressonância magnética (RM) revelou MAV frontal esquerda. Após curto internamento para estabilização e diagnóstico, decidiu-se manter a gravidez e o seguimento ambulatorial multidisciplinar por neurocirurgia e obstetrícia em consulta de alto risco. Optou-se por fazer cesárea eletiva às 39 semanas sob anestesia peridural lombar. No intraoperatório ocorreu um episódio de hipotensão rapidamente revertida com fenilefrina. O Índice de Apgar do recém-nascido foi de 10/10. O cateter peridural foi usado para analgesia pós-operatória, também sem intercorrências. CONCLUSÕES: São muito raros os casos publicados de abordagem anestésica de grávidas com MAV sintomáticas. Todas as decisões tomadas pela equipe multidisciplinar, desde optar por continuar a gravidez ao momento ideal para intervir na MAV, passando pelo tipo de anestesia e analgesia, foram ponderadas em função do risco de dano cerebral. Do ponto de vista anestésico, os autores enfatizam a necessidade de estabilidade hemodinâmica.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during pregnancy is a rare event, and about half the cases are due to arteriovenous malformations (AVM). The authors describe the anesthetic approach of a 39 week pregnant patient scheduled for cesarean section, with a history of SAH due to AVM at 22 week gestation. CASE REPORT: 39 week pregnant patient, healthy prior to pregnancy, with a history of SAH at 22 week gestation, manifested by headache, vomiting, and dizziness without loss of consciousness or other deficits on admission to the emergency room. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left frontal AVM. After a short hospital stay for stabilization and diagnosis, the final medical decision was to maintain the pregnancy and a multidisciplinary follow-up by neurosurgery and high-risk obstetric consultation. An elective cesarean section was performed at 39 weeks under epidural anesthesia. During the intraoperative period, an episode of hypotension rapidly reversed with phenylephrine occurred. The newborn Apgar score was 10/10. An epidural catheter was used for postoperative analgesia, also uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: There are very few published cases of anesthetic approach for pregnant women with symptomatic AVM. All decisions made by the multidisciplinary team, from choosing to continue the pregnancy to the ideal time for AVM intervention and type of anesthesia and analgesia, were weighted according to the risk of brain damage. Regarding the anesthetic procedure, the authors emphasize the need for hemodynamic stability.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El aparecimiento de la hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) durante el embarazo es algo raro, siendo que aproximadamente la mitad se debe a malformaciones arteriovenosas (MAV). Los autores describen el abordaje anestésico de una embarazada de 39 semanas programada para cesárea, con un historial de HSA por MAV a las 22 semanas. RELATO DEL CASO: Embarazada de 39 semanas, sana antes del embarazo, con antecedentes de HSA a las 22 semanas de gestación que se manifestó por medio de cefaleas, vómitos y mareos, sin la pérdida de la consciencia u otros déficits a la hora de su entrada en el servicio de urgencia. La resonancia magnética (RM) arrojó MAV frontal izquierda. Después de un breve período de ingreso para la estabilización y el diagnóstico, se decidió mantener el embarazo y el acompañamiento ambulatorio multidisciplinario por neurocirugía y obstetricia en consulta de alto riesgo. Se optó por realizar la cesárea electiva a las 39 semanas bajo anestesia epidural lumbar. En el intraoperatorio ocurrió un episodio de hipotensión que fue rápidamente revertido con fenilefrina. El Índice de Apgar del recién nacido fue de 10/10. El catéter epidural fue usado para la analgesia postoperatoria, que también cursó sin intercurrencias. CONCLUSIONES: Son muy raros los casos publicados de abordaje anestésico de embarazadas con MAV sintomáticas. Todas las decisiones tomadas por el equipo multidisciplinario, desde optar por continuar con el embarazo, hasta el momento ideal para intervenir la MAV, pasando por el tipo de anestesia y analgesia, fueron sopesadas en función del riesgo de daño cerebral. Desde el punto de vista anestésico, los autores enfatizan la necesidad de estabilidad hemodinámica.