Non-pharmacological therapies for cancer patients in Portugal and Brazil: an experience report.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of nurses from a center in Portugal and two in Brazil regarding the use of non-pharmacological therapies in cancer patients. METHOD: This is a professional experience report. RESULTS: In the Portuguese institution, a group of nurses has been performing massage therapy, reflexology, postural teaching, thermotherapy, relaxation, guided imagery, Reiki, music therapy, aromatherapy, among others, for 17 years, with significant results in pain and vital signs with satisfactory perceptions. In Brazil, the clinical application is incipient, clinical studies with auriculotherapy, relaxation with guided imagery and floral therapy are taking place, with significant results for physical symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life improvement. CONCLUSION: In both countries, nurses have made efforts to implement non-pharmacological therapies. While in the Portuguese reality they have been formally institutionalized in care, in Brazil the therapies take place with voluntary work and through intervention research. This report can encourage the translation of autonomous practice to clinical studies for proposing evidence of therapies in Integrative Oncology.

Cancer Patients with Chronic Pain and Their Caregivers during COVID-19: A Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND: The sanitary measures imposed by COVID-19 intensified challenges in the pain management of cancer patients. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted in a chronic pain unit of an oncological hospital aiming to explore the experiences of cancer patients with chronic pain and their caregivers during the pandemic period, as well as identify strategies to improve care in chronic pain management. An electronic questionnaire was developed containing sociodemographic variables, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, and open-ended questions exploring the experiences and circumstances of pain management. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients and 13 caregivers filled in the questionnaire. Patients revealed a higher level of depression, anxiety, and stress than caregivers, without statistically significant differences. Both groups mentioned having experienced difficulties in self-care, particularly in relation to sleep, nutrition, and recreation. In total, 83.7% patients needed pain relief medication related to uncontrolled pain. Both mentioned that they would have benefited from a digital application to ease the communication with the healthcare professionals of the chronic pain unit, as well as non-pharmacological interventions, such as therapeutic massage. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing that chronic pain leads to significant limitations, it is essential to implement and anticipate objective and effective responses in pain management.

Non-pharmacological therapies for cancer patients in Portugal and Brazil: an experience report / Terapias no farmacológicas para pacientes con cáncer en Portugal y Brasil: informe de experiencia / Terapias não farmacológicas para pacientes com câncer em Portugal e no Brasil: relato de experiência

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the experience of nurses from a center in Portugal and two in Brazil regarding the use of non-pharmacological therapies in cancer patients. Method: This is a professional experience report. Results: In the Portuguese institution, a group of nurses has been performing massage therapy, reflexology, postural teaching, thermotherapy, relaxation, guided imagery, Reiki, music therapy, aromatherapy, among others, for 17 years, with significant results in pain and vital signs with satisfactory perceptions. In Brazil, the clinical application is incipient, clinical studies with auriculotherapy, relaxation with guided imagery and floral therapy are taking place, with significant results for physical symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life improvement. Conclusion: In both countries, nurses have made efforts to implement non-pharmacological therapies. While in the Portuguese reality they have been formally institutionalized in care, in Brazil the therapies take place with voluntary work and through intervention research. This report can encourage the translation of autonomous practice to clinical studies for proposing evidence of therapies in Integrative Oncology.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de enfermeros de un centro de Portugal y dos de Brasil con respecto al uso de terapias no farmacológicas en pacientes oncológicos. Método: Informe de experiencia profesional. Resultados: En la institución portuguesa, desde hace 17 años, un grupo de enfermeros realiza masajes terapéuticos, reflexología, enseñanza postural, termoterapia, relajación, imaginería guiada, Reiki, musicoterapia, aromaterapia, entre otros, con resultados significativos en dolor, signos vitales y con percepciones satisfactorias. En Brasil, la aplicación clínica es incipiente, se están realizando estudios clínicos con auriculoterapia, relajación con imágenes guiadas y terapia floral, con resultados significativos para los síntomas físicos, la ansiedad y la calidad de vida. Conclusión: en ambos países, los enfermeros han hecho esfuerzos para implementar terapias no farmacológicas. Mientras que en la realidad portuguesa han sido formalmente institucionalizados en el cuidado, en Brasil las terapias ocurren de forma voluntaria y por medio de investigación de intervención. Este informe puede incentivar la translación de la práctica autónoma a estudios clínicos para proponer evidencias de las terapias en Oncología Integrativa.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a experiência dos enfermeiros de um centro em Portugal e dois no Brasil sobre o uso das terapias não farmacológicas em pacientes com câncer. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência profissional. Resultados: Na instituição portuguesa, há 17 anos um grupo de enfermeiros vem realizando massagem terapêutica, reflexologia, ensinos posturais, termoterapia, relaxamento, imaginação guiada, Reiki, musicoterapia, aromaterapia, entre outras, com resultados significativos na dor, nos sinais vitais e com percepções satisfatórias. Na brasileira, a aplicação clínica é incipiente, ocorrem estudos clínicos com auriculoterapia, relaxamento com imagem guiada e terapia floral, com resultados significativos para sintomas físicos, ansiedade e qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Em ambos os países, os enfermeiros têm empreendido esforços para implementar as terapias não farmacológicas. Enquanto na realidade portuguesa elas têm sido formalmente institucionalizadas no cuidado, na brasileira as terapias ocorrem de forma voluntária e por meio de pesquisas de intervenção. Esse relato pode fomentar a translação da prática autônoma aos estudos clínicos para a proposição de evidências das terapias na Oncologia Integrativa.

The Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Interventions in Adolescents' Anxiety: A Systematic Review Protocol.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong impact on increasing anxiety in adolescents. This systematic review aims to identify the most effective psychoeducational interventions for reducing anxiety in adolescents following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The inclusion and exclusion criteria have been defined, and the search strategy has been planned. The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished studies using, among other databases: CINAHL Plus with Full Text; PubMed; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; and the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews. Following the search, all identified citations will be collated and uploaded into Endnote, and duplicates removed. Titles and abstracts will then be screened by two independent reviewers and by a third reviewer if a disagreement occurs. The results of the search will be reported in full in the final systematic review and presented in the PRISMA flow diagram. Eligible studies will be critically appraised for methodological quality using standardized critical appraisal instruments from the JBI. Data will be extracted from the studies included using the standardized JBI data extraction tool. For data synthesis, studies will be pooled using JBI SUMARI. The GRADE approach for grading the certainty of evidence will be followed, and a summary of findings will be created using GRADEPro GDT software. The results from this systematic review are expected to provide an overview of the most effective psychoeducational interventions for reducing anxiety in adolescents, allowing researchers to design and propose a new multicomponent psychoeducational intervention that will be validated and tested in the future. PROSPERO protocol registration number: CRD42020204356.

[A rare presentation of kidney allograft intolerance syndrome: Bullous pemphigoid]. / Une présentation rare du syndrome d'intolérance au greffon renal : la pemphigoïde bulleuse.

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune bullous cutaneous disease. We report the case of a 60 year-old male patient whose kidney allograft failed and was on hemodialysis for the previous 16 months. After tapering immunosuppressive medication, he presented simultaneous bullous eruption and kidney allograft intolerance syndrome. Investigation showed a positive BP180 anti-basement membrane zone antibody and skin biopsy was consistent with bullous pemphigoid. The patient was treated with corticotherapy and bullous pemphigoid resolved. The development of new onset diabetes and concerns over long term immunosuppression, halted the decision to continue corticotherapy and the patient underwent graft nephrectomy, with resolution of the kidney allograft intolerance syndrome without recurrence of the bullous disease. The occurrence of bullous pemphigoid in patients with failed renal allograft is rare, with only eleven cases reported in literature. This case illustrates how graft nephrectomy can provide a definitive cure to bullous pemphigoid in this setting.

A rare diarrheic parasite in a kidney transplant patient: Cystoisospora belli.

Cystoisospora belli colitis is a rare complication of immunosuppression in solid organ transplant recipients. We describe a case of Cystoisospora belli infection with colitis following renal transplantation.

A Via subcutânea na gestão dos sintomas na pessoa em fim de vida: perspetivas dos profissionais de saúde / The subcutaneous route in symptom management in the end-of-life person: health professionals' perspectives

Preservar a dignidade da pessoa no fim de vida, implica que se assegure uma boa gestão de sintomas, evitando as crises que podem agravar a qualidade de vida do doente, e consequentemente, ter repercussões negativas no seio familiar. Neste sentido, o acesso da pessoa em fim de vida aos cuidados paliativos é um direito e uma obrigação legal, como é reconhecida pelas convenções das Nações Unidas. É também, hoje reconhecido, que é condição imprescindível que os profissionais de saúde saibam realizar uma boa gestão de sintomas, focando o seu processo de cuidados numa abordagem multidimensional. Efetivamente a terapêutica farmacológica, bem como, a escolha da via para a administração de terapêutica deve ter em conta o princípio do menor dano. O recurso da utilização da via subcutânea apresenta notórios ganhos em saúde, oferece ao doente maior comodidade e promove o seu conforto e qualidade de vida quer em ambiente hospitalar quer no domicílio. Partindo destes pressupostos e considerando a gestão de sintomas como fundamental para a preservação da dignidade humana, colocamos a questão de investigação: Qual a perspetiva dos profissionais de saúde acerca da utilização da via subcutânea na gestão de sintomas da pessoa em fim de vida em contexto hospitalar?, com o objetivo de conhecer a perspetiva dos profissionais de saúde acerca da utilização da via subcutânea na gestão de sintomas da pessoa em fim de vida, em contexto hospitalar e com a finalidade de contribuir para a mudança/inovação da prática clínica de forma a melhorar o conforto da pessoa em fim de vida. Metodologia: Estudo de natureza qualitativo do tipo estudo caso; recolha de dados: entrevista semiestruturada; participantes: profissionais de saúde (médicos e enfermeiros) da área de neurociências (neurocirurgia e neurologia) de um Hospital Central da zona de Lisboa; análise de conteúdo segundo o referencial de Bardin (2011). O estudo respeitou o princípio ético-moral. Resultados: Os profissionais de saúde do estudo consideram que gerir os sintomas na pessoa em fim de vida significa ter uma visão holística, que envolve um processo avaliativo das necessidades/problemas da pessoa em fim de vida, uma intervenção ajustada às necessidades, o respeito pela vontade do doente e família, a aplicação de um conjunto de instrumentos e melhoria do trabalho em equipa. Salientam que, a dor é dos sintomas mais presentes na pessoa em fim de vida, sendo, seguido dos sintomas psico/emocionais, dos gastrointestinais e dos sintomas respiratórios. São várias as estratégias adotadas, nomeadamente a aplicação de medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas, nomeadamente a massagem e o estabelecimento de uma comunicação terapêutica. Recorrem à via subcutânea mediante determinadas situações, nomeadamente: sedação, analgesia e como alternativa a outras vias. Destacam, que a via subcutânea é relevante, por ser menos dolorosa, ser mais confortável, ser eficaz, segura, previne a desidratação, permite um efeito terapêutico sustentado e não requer internamento hospitalar. Apresentam como constrangimentos na sua utilização as alterações da integridade cutânea, as alterações comportamentais e a falta de formação dos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: Dos relatos obtidos verificamos que cuidar do doente em fim de vida é um processo complexo, rigoroso e especializado para os profissionais de saúde, devido à complexidade e pluralidade de sintomas que a pessoa doente apresenta, bem como, pelo intenso sofrimento que o doente e seus familiares constantemente se deparam. Uma adequada preparação dos profissionais de saúde, em particular médicos e enfermeiros é estratégia fundamental para avaliar, monitorizar e tratar sintomas apropriadamente. É primordial uma maior divulgação das vantagens da utilização da via subcutânea.

To preserve the dignity of a person at the end of life, a good symptom management should be assured, avoiding the crisis that can aggravate the quality of life of the patient, and consequently, have negative repercussions amongst the family. Thus, the access of the patient at the end of life to the palliative care is a right and a legal requirement, as it is recognized by the United Nations. It is also, today, recognized that it is indispensable that the healthcare professional performs a good symptom management, focusing on a multidimensional approach care. Effectively the pharmacological therapy, also as, the choice of the administration route for the therapeutic should take in account the principle of minor damage. The use of subcutaneous route presents notorious health benefits, offering the patient greater commodity and promoting his comfort and quality of life either at the hospital or at home. Having in account these assumptions and considering the symptom management as fundamental to preserve the human dignity, we ask the question "What is the perspective of healthcare professionals about the use of the subcutaneous route in the symptoms management of the patient at the end of life, in hospital context?", with view to understand the perspective of healthcare professionals about the use of subcutaneous route in the symptoms management of the patient at the end of life, in the hospital context, and with the purpose of contributing for a change/innovation of the clinical practice that improves the comfort of the patient at the end of life. Methodology: Qualitative nature study of type study case. Data collection: semi structured interview; participants: neuroscience (neurosurgery and neurology) healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) of an Hospital in the centre of Lisbon; Content analysis according to Bardin's perspective (2011). The study respected the moral-ethical principle. Results: The healthcare professionals of the study consider that symptoms management of the patient at the end of life means to have a holistic vision, which involves an assessment of the needs/problems of the patient at the end of life, an intervention adjusted to their needs, the respect for the family and patient wishes, the application of a set of tools and improvement of team work. They stress that, pain is one of the symptoms most present in patients at the end of life, being followed by the psico/emotional symptoms, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms. Several strategies are adopted, namely the application of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, the massage and the establishment of therapeutic communication. Subcutaneous route is used on certain occasions, namely: sedation, analgesia and as alternative to other routes. They highlight that subcutaneous route is relevant, for being less painful, for being more comfortable, more effective, safe, avoid dehydration, allow a sustained therapeutic effect and doesn't require hospital admission. The problems of its use are the alteration of the cutaneous integrity, behaviour changes and the lack of training of existing healthcare professionals. Conclusion: From what was gathered, we verify that taking care of a patient at the end of life is a complex process, rigorous and specialized for the healthcare professionals, due to the complexity and plurality of symptoms that the patient shows and due to the intense suffering that the patient and the family go through constantly. Good preparation of health care professionals, in particular doctors and nurses, is fundamental to assess, monitor and treat adequately the symptoms. It is essential a bigger disclosure of the benefits of the use of subcutaneous route.

Exercise training protects against cancer-induced cardiac remodeling in an animal model of urothelial carcinoma.

Limiting cancer-induced cardiac damage has become an increasingly important issue to improve survival rates and quality of life. Exercise training has been shown to reduce cardiovascular complications in several diseases; however, its therapeutic role against cardiovascular consequences of cancer is in its infancy. In order to add new insights on the potential therapeutic effect of exercise training on cancer-related cardiac dysfunction, we used an animal model of urothelial carcinoma submitted to 13 weeks of treadmill exercise after 20 weeks of exposure to the carcinogenic N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN). Data showed that 13 weeks of treadmill exercise reverted cancer-induced cardiomyocytes atrophy and fibrosis, improved cardiac oxidative capacity given by citrate synthase activity and MnSOD content, and increased the levels of the mitochondrial biogenesis markers PGC-1α and mtTFA. Moreover, exercise training reverted cancer-induced decrease of cardiac c-kit levels suggesting enhanced regenerative ability of heart. These cardiac adaptations to exercise were related to a lower incidence of malignant urothelial lesions and less signs of inflammation. Taken together, data from the present study support the beneficial effect of exercise training when started after cancer diagnosis, envisioning the improvement of the cardiovascular function.

MPO-ANCA-associated necrotizing glomerulonephritis in rheumatoid arthritis; a case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Renal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is common and has a negative impact on patient survival. Only few cases have been reported of necrotizing glomerulonephritis (GN) associated with myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) in patients with RA. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a patient with RA who developed a necrotizing GN associated with ANCA-MPO, treated with rituximab (RTX). A 55-year-old man with a 27-year history of RA under secukinumab was referred to our nephrology clinic with worsening renal function associated with microhematuria and proteinuria. Our laboratory evaluation showed hypocomplementemia and positive titers for MPO-ANCA (615 U/mL). A renal biopsy demonstrated pauci-immune necrotizing GN. The patient was treated with 3 consecutive pulses of methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone (1 mg/Kg) and rituximab (1000 mg, repeated 14 days later). After a 10-month follow-up, the arthritis remains well-controlled, renal function stabilized, proteinuria improved and MPO-ANCA titer normalized (6.3 U/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Necrotizing GN is a rare but a serious condition and an early diagnosis is essential to treatment. This is the first case of necrotizing GN (without extra-renal manifestations of vasculitis) in a patient with active RA, successfully treated with RTX.

Does pre- and post-angioplasty Doppler ultrasound evaluation help in predicting vascular access outcome?

BACKGROUND: Kidney Disease - Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) recommends post-percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) <30% residual stenosis (RS) and hemodynamic parameters improvement. Primary end point: how post-PTA access blood flow (ABF) improvement predicts vascular access (VA) outcome. Secondary: compare Doppler ultrasound (DU) and angiography diagnostic accuracy; determine how other factors predict outcome. METHODS: Eighty patients. DU evaluation performed pre- and post-PTA. Several parameters recorded. Secondary patency verified after 6 months. RESULTS: Initial ABF 537 ± 248 mL/min; final ABF 1013 ± 354 mL/min. Number and location of stenosis was highly correlated between DU and angiography (p<0.001); central vessels mismatching. First semester overall survival was 63%; significantly better for fistulas (76%) than grafts (51.7%), p 0.044. Final RS>30% associated to better survival, p 0.038. Initial ABF<500 mL/min and multiple stenosis did not affect outcome (p>0.05). A >2-fold ABF increase had no significant impact on fistulas (p>0.05) but was significantly associated with worst outcomes in grafts (23.1% vs. 73.5%, p 0.009). Grafts had lower survival (HR 3.3, p 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Although less accurate for central lesions, DU has a key role on VA surveillance, allowing a morphologic and hemodynamic assessment. Angioplasty is effective in preserving VA; however, it may increase restenosis due to accelerated neointimal hyperplasia. Current parameters are not useful. Trials addressing this issue are needed.

Efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on dysfunctional fistulae because of inflow stenosis.

PURPOSE: Autogenous fistulas are the preferential vascular access for hemodialysis. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of angioplasty for dysfunctional fistulas because of inflow dysfunction. 
 METHODS: We reviewed all the angiographic procedures performed on our institution between April 2007 and April 2009. Procedures performed in dysfunctional fistulas because of inflow stenoses were analyzed. Fistulas with stenoses out of these areas were excluded. The following data were collected: patient age and sex, fistula age at the time of intervention, location of fistula, number and location of stenosis, angiography referral criteria, clinical findings (presence or absence of thrills, bruits and pulsatility) and date of reintervention or failure. 
 RESULTS: During the study period 215 fistulas were submitted to angiography of which, seventy-one presented inflow stenosis (33%). Mean follow-up was 21.72±9.26 months, and average age was 7.03 months. Two groups were considered: 31 fistulas comprising ≤6 months old, and 40 fistulas >6 months old. Primary patency rates±SE for older fistulas at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively, was 91.3%± 0.04%, 80.7%± 0.07%, 53.8% ±0.10% and 34.2±0.1% versus 91.7±0.08%, 57.1±0.14%, 23±0.14%, 11.4%± 0.1% for younger fistulas (P=0.04). Fistulas ≤6 months old and multiple stenosis were associated with a poorer primary patency rate (P=0.005).
 CONCLUSIONS: Inflow stenosis is frequently associated with fistula dysfunction. In this study we only analyzed AVF with inflow stenosis and we have shown that angioplasty can have great patency results, particularly for single lesions in matured fistulas.

Collapsing glomerulopathy in Portugal: a review of the histological and clinical findings in HIV and non-HIV patients.

BACKGROUND: Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a glomerulonephritis seen in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, known as HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and less frequently observed in non-HIV-infected patients. Method. The aim of this study was to review the histological and clinical findings of all CG diagnosed since 1981 in our laboratory. Result. Since 1981, 18 kidney biopsies with collapsing features were diagnosed among 6130 biopsies performed: 72.2% (n = 13) males, mean age 33.8 ± 9.7 years, 61.1% (n = 11) of black ethnic origin. HIV infection was present in 10 patients. Mean serum creatinine (Scr) was 4.7 ± 2.5 mg/dL, and mean proteinuria was 6.1 ± 5 g/24 h. Both HIVAN and non-HIVAN patients were similar in terms of age, gender and dialysis requirement. In the HIVAN population, African origin was predominant and more frequent than in the non-HIVAN population, Scr was higher and proteinuria was less severe. Interstitial infiltrate, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were severe, and the presence of microcystic dilatation of renal tubules was more common. Immunofluorescence was positive in six patients. In the non-HIVAN population, this histological lesion was related to an infectious illness in 6/8 patients and to the use of illegal oral drugs in one patient. Interstitial infiltrate, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy presented as moderate to severe, and tubular atrophy correlated with dialysis requirement. Mesangial proliferation was present in 3/8 patients, with C3 and IgA deposits. CONCLUSION: CG is a rare podocytopathy. In this study, the association between infection and CG is evident, and we may suggest that infections could, in a direct or indirect manner, be a trigger of podocyte injury.

Impact of RIFLE classification in liver transplantation.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is common after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of RIFLE classification in the development of CKD, hemodialysis requirement, and mortality. Patients were categorized as risk (R), injury (I) or failure (F) according to renal function at day 1, 7 and 21. Final renal function was classified according to K/DIGO guidelines. We studied 708 OLT recipients, transplanted between September 1992 and March 2007; mean age 44 +/- 12.6 yr, mean follow-up 3.6 yr (28.8% > or = 5 yr). Renal dysfunction before OLT was known in 21.6%. According to the RIFLE classification, ARF occurred in 33.2%: 16.8% were R class, 8.5% I class and 7.9% F class. CKD developed in 45.6%, with stages 4 or 5d in 11.3%. Mortality for R, I and F classes were, respectively, 10.9%, 13.3% and 39.3%. Severity of ARF correlated with development of CKD: stage 3 was associated with all classes of ARF, stages 4 and 5d only with severe ARF. Hemodialysis requirement (23%) and mortality were only correlated with the most severe form of ARF (F class). In conclusion, RIFLE classification is a useful tool to stratify the severity of early ARF providing a prognostic indicator for the risk of CKD occurrence and death.

Renal dysfunction due to leukemic infiltration of kidneys in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Renal failure due to leukemic infiltration of kidney in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is an extremely rare condition. The authors report a case of a 59-year-old white female, with a past medical history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with 2 years of evolution without medical therapy, admitted with nonoliguric acute renal failure needing dialysis. Renal biopsy showed extensive small lymphocytes' infiltration in the cortical interstitium by CLL cells. Cyclophosphamide and prednisolone were started and 1 month later changed to fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide with improvement of renal function. Although renal failure due to leukemic infiltration has been described in many cases of acute leukemia, only 11 cases of renal failure due to CLL cells' infiltration have been described in the literature. Renal histology is an extremely important tool to confirm diagnosis.

Avaliação dos resultados da artrodese da articulação escapulotorácica no tratamento da escápula alada na distrofia fascioescapulumeral / Evaluation of scapulothoracic arthrodesis results in the treatment of winged scapula in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a técnica cirúrgica da artrodese escapulotorácica na distrofia fascioescapulumeral (DFEU), analisando os resultados e as complicações pós-operatórias. MÉTODOS: No período de fevereiro de 1992 a fevereiro de 2006 foram realizadas oito artrodeses escapulotorácicas em cinco pacientes no Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo (DOT-FCM-SCSP). Os critérios para indicação cirúrgica foram: dor, déficit funcional do membro acometido, fadiga muscular e deformidade estética. Na técnica cirúrgica empregada para a artrodese foi realizada a fixação da escápula à parede torácica por meio de amarrilho com fios de poliéster n° 5, uma placa metálica estreita e fina, além de colocação de enxerto esponjoso autólogo. RESULTADOS: O seguimento médio dos pacientes foi de 124 meses. Na comparação da amplitude de movimentos pré e pós-operatórios, notou-se melhora na elevação, mantida a rotação lateral, com o UCLA no período pré-operatório variando de 7 a 11 e pós-operatório de 29 a 33. Dentre as complicações, encontraram-se dois casos de pneumotórax, um caso de soltura do material de síntese e um caso de ausência de consolidação óssea. COMENTÁRIO: Obtida consolidação da artrodese em seis casos, além da melhora da dor e elevação. Dois casos foram reoperados, sendo um devido à quebra do material e o outro, à não consolidação. Todos evoluíram para consolidação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical scapulothoracic arthrodesis technique in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) by analyzing post-op results and complications. METHODS: from February 1992 to February 2006, eight scapulothoracic arthrodesis procedures were performed in five patients at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of the Medical Sciences School at the Santa Casa Hospital of São Paulo (DOT-FCM-SCSP). The criteria for surgical indication were pain, functional deficit of the limb involved, muscular fatigue, and esthetic deformity. The surgical technique used for the arthrodesis fixated the scapula to the thoracic wall by tying a narrow, slim plate with No. 5 polyester threads and placing an autologous cancellous bone graft. RESULTS: Mean follow-up of the patients was of 124 months. Comparing the range of movement before and after surgery, the authors observed an improvement in raising, lateral rotation being kept, with the pre-op UCLA ranging from 7 to 11, and the post-op UCLA ranging from 29 to 33. Complications included two cases of pneumothorax; one case of the detachment of synthesis material, and one case of lack of bone fusion. COMMENT: Arthrodesis fusion was achieved in six cases, besides improvement in pain and raising. Two cases were reoperated on, one of them due to breakage of the material and another one due to lack of fusion. All cases evolved on to fusion.

Post-percutaneous coronary angioplasty atheroembolization--a feared iatrogenic complication.

Atheroembolic disease is a rarely recognized clinical entity. The growing use of antiplatelet and thrombolytic therapy and of invasive cardiovascular procedures in acute coronary syndromes has nevertheless transformed this feared iatrogenic complication into an increasingly frequent diagnosis. The authors review this entity through the case of a 71-year-old man who, fifteen days after undergoing thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, followed by elective percutaneous coronary revascularization under triple antiplatelet therapy, came to the emergency department with a clinical setting of mental confusion, gastrointestinal bleeding, oliguria and cutaneous eruptions on the lower limbs; laboratory tests revealed severe azotemia and hyperkalemia. With a diagnostic hypothesis of systemic atheroembolization, a cutaneous lesion biopsy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. Supportive treatment led to neurological and cutaneous recovery, but the patient developed chronic renal failure. The pathophysiology, forms of presentation, treatment and prognosis of atheroembolic disease are discussed, highlighting the importance of a high degree of clinical suspicion for diagnosis.

Análise estatística do trauma ortopédico infanto-juvenil do pronto socorro de ortopedia de uma metrópole tropical / Statistical analysis of infantile-juvenile orthopaedic trauma in a tropical metropolis' orthopaedic emergency room

O trauma é um importante problema de saúde pública mundial devido às altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. O trabalho em questão considerou os traumas em pacientes com idade inferior a 18 anos e exclusivamente músculo-esqueléticos, atendidos num serviço de emergência ortopédica de um hospital metropolitano, no período de outubro de 2000 a junho de 2001, totalizando 340 protocolos. O objetivo foi permitir melhor conhecimento das características do trauma, proporcionando um planejamento adequado do atendimento, redução dos custos e estabelecimento de medidas preventivas. As lesões encontradas foram diferenciadas em leves ou graves. A faixa etária de escolares foi a mais acometida, totalizando 40 por cento dos atendimentos realizados, destacando-se a queda como o principal mecanismo de trauma encontrado. O ambiente mais propício a acidentes foi o domiciliar e as extremidades foram a parte do corpo mais acometidas, tanto nas lesões leves quanto graves. Cerca de 64 por cento dos casos foram leves. Os tipos de trauma mais freqüentes foram a contusão, seguida de fratura e entorse. Já os lactentes apresentam como importantes mecanismos de trauma a tração, pressão e a agressão, em sua maioria pelos familiares. Foi constatado que o fato da criança estar acompanhada de algum adulto não impede a ocorrência de acidentes, nem interfere na gravidade.

The impact of different types of bath in the behaviour and physiology of 'rooming in' newborn babies.

The new scientific knowledge about the behaviour of the newborn and their interactions as a developing factor, as well as the new neurosciences findings about the initial brain formation, gave us several elements for a new vision and reflection about the perinatal routines in hospitals. This study raises questions about the first experiences of the rooming in newborns during the specific act of bath, as the only determining factor in altering both behaviour and physiology. Through the monitoring of the heart rate frequency and observing the changes in the states of consciousness level, this article shows how the type of bath that the newborn is subjected to influences his/her organisation. The study showed significant results in the parameters observed during the electric shower bath, leading to unbalance of the subsystems where the individuals organise themselves; such findings made us classify this procedure as very stressing to the baby. To the contrary the bath in the "Tummy Tub" presented insignificant changes, showing a relaxed baby with normal bath behaviours and physiological status; thus this procedure appears to contribute to an energetic and interactive balance of the baby's various systems. The aggressive approach (electric shower) does not allow the newborn auto-regulation to occur and to get proper stimulation and learn basic interactive responses which would facilitate his /her healthy early infancy development.