Restoration of a malformed primary incisor using digital technology in a pediatric patient with congenital Zika virus syndrome: A case report.

Zika virus congenital syndrome (ZVCS) is a congenital viral infection resulting from the transmission of the Zika virus (ZV) to the fetus during pregnancy. This report describes a clinical case involving a 20-month-old female child with ZVCS, who presented with systemic changes related to the syndrome, such as microcephaly, arthrogryposis, ocular and auditory changes, and oral changes such as delayed dental eruption, ogival (high-arched) palate, short lip frenum, and altered morphology of a superior primary incisor. For esthetic and functional rehabilitation of the oral health of this child, an indirect composite resin restoration was performed using intraoral digital scanning technology. This case presents an accurate, rapid, and comfortable restorative treatment option that might result in excellent outcomes in children with ZVCS or similar syndromes with neurological impairment.

Infantile hypothyroidism and its relationship with delayed tooth eruption: A case report.

Hypothyroidism is characterized as a systemic endocrine disorder that is caused by a dysfunction of the thyroid gland. This produces the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 that are responsible for carrying out the normal functions of the physical body, that is, changes in the secretion of these hormones may be related to some maladjustments in the stomatognathic system. The most common manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism, also known as cretinism, are thick lips, macroglossia, malocclusion and delayed eruption of both dentitions. This study aims to report a case of a child with hypothyroidism and a delay in the chronology of tooth eruption. Patient, female, 9 years and 8 months old, whose main complaint was a delay in the chronology of tooth eruption. On clinical examination, a marked delay in the chronology of tooth eruption was observed. Therefore, it was necessary to refer the patient to a geneticist, who ruled out any syndromic alteration. Then, the patient was referred to the endocrinologist, whose opinion was hypothyroidism. Key words:Hypothyroidism, tooth eruption, endocrine disorder, child health.

Radiographic evaluation of dental anomalies in patients with congenital Zika virus syndrome.

Numerous studies have reported abnormalities in the development of oral structures in congenital infections that also involve microcephaly. In this context, it is necessary to identify possible dental anomalies of shape and/or number in patients with Zika virus syndrome using radiography. The study population consisted of 35 children born with congenital ZIKV who underwent intraoral radiographic examinations for 24 consecutive months. A modified periapical technique was performed in an occlusal position for the maxilla and mandible. Categorical data were expressed as absolute and percentage frequencies and compared using Pearson's Chi-square test, with a 95% confidence interval. Of the entire sample, eight children (22.8%) had dental anomalies of shape and/or number, and four children (11.4%) presented with both anomalies, with agenesis of the upper and lower deciduous/permanent incisors and dental form modifications, such as microdontia and anomalous cusps. When we considered age and sex, there was no statistically significant difference between patients who presented with agenesis and those who presented with modifications. Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome were more likely to have dental modifications in the number and shape of their teeth, and it is essential to implement medium- to long-term monitoring to diagnose other possible alterations throughout the development of the mixed and permanent dentition, favoring their treatment.

Radiographic evaluation of dental anomalies in patients with congenital Zika virus syndrome

Abstract: Numerous studies have reported abnormalities in the development of oral structures in congenital infections that also involve microcephaly. In this context, it is necessary to identify possible dental anomalies of shape and/or number in patients with Zika virus syndrome using radiography. The study population consisted of 35 children born with congenital ZIKV who underwent intraoral radiographic examinations for 24 consecutive months. A modified periapical technique was performed in an occlusal position for the maxilla and mandible. Categorical data were expressed as absolute and percentage frequencies and compared using Pearson's Chi-square test, with a 95% confidence interval. Of the entire sample, eight children (22.8%) had dental anomalies of shape and/or number, and four children (11.4%) presented with both anomalies, with agenesis of the upper and lower deciduous/permanent incisors and dental form modifications, such as microdontia and anomalous cusps. When we considered age and sex, there was no statistically significant difference between patients who presented with agenesis and those who presented with modifications. Children with congenital Zika virus syndrome were more likely to have dental modifications in the number and shape of their teeth, and it is essential to implement medium- to long-term monitoring to diagnose other possible alterations throughout the development of the mixed and permanent dentition, favoring their treatment.

Clinical and x-ray oral evaluation in patients with congenital Zika Virus.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate possible malformations in the soft, bone and/or dental tissues in patients with congenital Zika Virus (ZIKV) by clinical and x-ray evaluation. METHODOLOGY: Thirty children born with ZIKV and 30 children born without ZIKV (control group) were included in the study. Patients were evaluated over 24 consecutive months according to the variables: sex, age, cleft palates, soft tissue lesions, alveolar ridge hyperplasia, short labial and lingual frenums, inadequate posture of the lingual and perioral muscles at rest, micrognathia, narrow palatine vaults, changes in the teeth shape and/or number, sequence eruption, spasms, seizures and eruption delay were evaluated. Chi-square test, Student's t-test and nominal logistic regression were used (p<0.05). RESULTS: Among the 30 babies examined, the mean age of the first dental eruption was 10.8±3.8 with almost two-thirds of the children (n=18, 60%) experiencing eruptions of their first tooth after 9 months of age, nine children (30%) had inadequate lingual posture at rest, more than half of the children (n=18, 60%) had short labial or lingual frenums. ZIKV babies showed a high prevalence of clef palate (p<0.001), inadequate lingual posture at rest (p=0.004), micrognathia (p=0.002), changes in the shape and/or number of teeth (p=0.006), alteration in sequence of dental eruption (p<0.001) and muscles spasms (p=0.002). The delay eruption was associated with inadequate lingual posture at rest (p=0.047), micrognathia (p=0.002) and changes in the shape and/or number of teeth (p=0.021). The delayed eruption (p=0.006) and narrow palatine vaults (p=0.008) were independently associated with ZIKV. Moreover, female patients showed the most narrow palatine vaults (p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The children with ZIKV showed a greater tendency to have delayed eruption of the first deciduous tooth, inadequate lingual posture and short labial and lingual frenums.

Clinical and x-ray oral evaluation in patients with congenital Zika Virus

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate possible malformations in the soft, bone and/or dental tissues in patients with congenital Zika Virus (ZIKV) by clinical and x-ray evaluation. Methodology: Thirty children born with ZIKV and 30 children born without ZIKV (control group) were included in the study. Patients were evaluated over 24 consecutive months according to the variables: sex, age, cleft palates, soft tissue lesions, alveolar ridge hyperplasia, short labial and lingual frenums, inadequate posture of the lingual and perioral muscles at rest, micrognathia, narrow palatine vaults, changes in the teeth shape and/or number, sequence eruption, spasms, seizures and eruption delay were evaluated. Chi-square test, Student's t-test and nominal logistic regression were used (p<0.05). Results: Among the 30 babies examined, the mean age of the first dental eruption was 10.8±3.8 with almost two-thirds of the children (n=18, 60%) experiencing eruptions of their first tooth after 9 months of age, nine children (30%) had inadequate lingual posture at rest, more than half of the children (n=18, 60%) had short labial or lingual frenums. ZIKV babies showed a high prevalence of clef palate (p<0.001), inadequate lingual posture at rest (p=0.004), micrognathia (p=0.002), changes in the shape and/or number of teeth (p=0.006), alteration in sequence of dental eruption (p<0.001) and muscles spasms (p=0.002). The delay eruption was associated with inadequate lingual posture at rest (p=0.047), micrognathia (p=0.002) and changes in the shape and/or number of teeth (p=0.021). The delayed eruption (p=0.006) and narrow palatine vaults (p=0.008) were independently associated with ZIKV. Moreover, female patients showed the most narrow palatine vaults (p=0.010). Conclusions: The children with ZIKV showed a greater tendency to have delayed eruption of the first deciduous tooth, inadequate lingual posture and short labial and lingual frenums.