Non-significant association between - 330 T/G polymorphism in interleukin-2 gene and chronic periodontitis: findings from a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an immune-inflammatory disease that promotes tissue damage around the teeth. Among the several inflammatory mediators that orchestrate the periodontitis, there is the interleukin (IL)-2. Genetic variations in IL2 gene may be associated with the risk and severity of the disease. Contrary results are available in the literature with inconclusive findings and none meta-analysis to gather these data. METHODS: A literature search was performed for studies published before June 11, 2019 in diverse scientific and educational databases. The data was extracted by two investigators and the statistical evaluation was performed by Review Manager statistical program with heterogeneity (I2) and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% of Confidence Intervals (CI) calculations and a sensitive analysis to assess the accuracy of the obtained results. The publication bias was evaluated by Begg' and Egger's test with Comprehensive meta-analysis software. The value of P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Five studies were identified in diverse ethnical groups with 1425 participants. The - 330 T/G polymorphism in IL2 gene was not significantly associated with CP in allelic evaluation (P > 0.05) as well as in the genotypic comparisons (P = 0.15). The Begg's test and the linear regression Egger's test did not show any evidence of publication bias risk (P > 0.05) which was corroborated by the absence of obvious asymmetry in Funnel plot graphic. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed a non-significant association between - 330 T/G polymorphism in IL2 gene and CP in any allelic evaluation.

Avaliação da utilização da esponja de chitosan/tricálcio fosfato no reparo de defeitos ósseos em calvária de ratos: desenho split-mouth / Evaluation of a chitosan/tricalcium phosphate sponge on the repair of rat calvarial bone defects: split-mouth design

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da esponja de chitosan/tricálcio fosfato, biopolímero natural não tóxico e biodegradável, no reparo de defeitos de tamanho crítico em calvária de ratos. Material e métodos: 20 ratos machos adultos (Wistar) receberam dois defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico na região parietal (broca trefina 5 mm de diâmetro interno), sendo um dos defeitos preenchido com esponja de chitosan (grupo-teste) e o outro com osso autógeno particulado (grupo-controle positivo). Cortes histológicos foram executados após 60 dias. Resultados: nos defeitos preenchidos com o chitosan, observou-se média de 37,8% de remanescentes da esponja. Em uma análise linear destes defeitos, o preenchimento ósseo ocorreu em uma média de 0,57 ± 0,38 mm. Nos defeitos preenchidos com osso autógeno (controle positivo), foi registrada média de 5,02 mm de osso vital. Comparando os dois grupos experimentais em termos percentuais, observou-se que no grupo-teste o preenchimento com tecido ósseo foi menor do que no grupo-controle (7,8% e 68,8%), respectivamente (teste de Tukey, p < 0,001). Conclusão: a esponja de chitosan/tricálcio fosfato tem um efeito pequeno sobre o reparo ósseo em defeitos de calvária de ratos, quando comparada ao osso autógeno.

Healing patterns after subgingival placement of a resin-modified glass-ionomer restoration: a histometric study in dogs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, clinically and histometrically, the effects of subgingival placement of a resin-modified glass-ionomer restoration during flap surgery. Nine dogs were included in this study. The mandibular canines were randomly assigned to receive either a transgingival resin-modified glass-ionomer restoration (test group) or no restoration (control group). The apical margins of the restorations in the test group and a reference notch on those in the control group were placed at the level of the bone crest. Clinical parameters were recorded 7 days before sacrifice. The dogs were sacrificed after 107 days, and undecalcified sections were obtained for histologic evaluation. Clinically, both groups presented significant clinical attachment loss and an increase in probing depth, but differences between groups were not statistically significant (P > .05). Histologically, a significant difference between groups was observed for length of epithelium (test, 4.05 ± 0.57 mm; control, 3.36 ± 0.63 mm; P = .01). The test group showed more bone resorption (2.02 ± 1.47 mm) when compared with the control group (0.74 ± 0.37 mm) (P = .048). It can be concluded that even with the claimed favorable properties of resin-modified glass ionomer, the presence of the restoration within the biologic width causes increased migration of the apical epithelium and bone resorption.

Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of Class II furcation defects: a histometrical study in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the potential adjunctive benefits of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) when used with guided-tissue regeneration (GTR) and bioactive glass (BG) in the treatment of Class II furcation lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bilateral Class II furcation lesions were surgically created and allowed to become chronic in the mandibular third premolars of 9 dogs. The defects were randomly assigned to: A) GTR+BG and B) GTR+BG+PRP. Similar defects were created in the maxillary third premolars and received the same treatments after 45 days. Dogs were sacrificed 90 days after the first treatment. The histometric parameters evaluated were: connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, new bone, mineralized bone area, non-mineralized bone area, and residual BG particle area. RESULTS: Data analysis showed a superior length of new cementum and a greater mineralized bone area for group B in both periods (p<0.05). The non-mineralized bone area was greater in the control group (p<0.05) in both periods. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the use of PRP in the treatment of Class II furcation defects may enhance the amount of new cementum and provide a more mineralized bone in a shorter period of time.

Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of Class II furcation defects: a histometrical study in dogs

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the potential adjunctive benefits of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) when used with guided-tissue regeneration (GTR) and bioactive glass (BG) in the treatment of Class II furcation lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bilateral Class II furcation lesions were surgically created and allowed to become chronic in the mandibular third premolars of 9 dogs. The defects were randomly assigned to: A) GTR+BG and B) GTR+BG+PRP. Similar defects were created in the maxillary third premolars and received the same treatments after 45 days. Dogs were sacrificed 90 days after the first treatment. The histometric parameters evaluated were: connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, new bone, mineralized bone area, non-mineralized bone area, and residual BG particle area. RESULTS: Data analysis showed a superior length of new cementum and a greater mineralized bone area for group B in both periods (p<0.05). The non-mineralized bone area was greater in the control group (p<0.05) in both periods. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the use of PRP in the treatment of Class II furcation defects may enhance the amount of new cementum and provide a more mineralized bone in a shorter period of time.

Autologous periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of Class III furcation defects: a study in dogs.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate, histomorphometrically, the use of periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) in the treatment of class III furcation defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PDL cells were obtained from the mandibular tooth extracted from each dog (7), cultured in vitro and phenotypically characterized. Bilateral class III furcation defects were created at mandibular 3rd and 4th premolars and were randomly assigned to: CONTROL GROUP: coronally positioned flap, GTR Group: GTR, Sponge Group: carrier + GTR, Cell Group: carrier + PDL cells + GTR. RESULTS: After 3 months of healing, data analysis demonstrated that the Cell Group presented a superior length of new cementum (4.82 ± 0.61 mm; 3.66 ± 0.95 mm; 2.87 ± 0.74 mm and 1.70 ± 0.60 mm, p < 0.001), a greater extension of periodontal regeneration (3.43 ± 1.44 mm; 2.33 ± 0.95 mm; 1.52 ± 0.39 mm and 0.69 ± 0.59 mm, p = 0.001) and a larger area of new bone (5.45 ± 1.58 mm(2) ; 3.94 ± 1.52 mm(2) ; 2.91 ± 0.56 mm(2) and 1.89 ± 0.95 mm(2) , p = 0.0012), when compared with Sponge, GTR and CONTROL GROUP, respectively. CONCLUSION: The PDL cells in association with GTR may significantly promote periodontal regeneration in class III furcation defects surgically created in dogs.

Autologous periodontal ligament cells in the treatment of class II furcation defects: a study in dogs.

AIM: The goal of this study was to histologically investigate the use of periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) in tissue engineering to regenerate class II furcation defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PDL cells were obtained from the mandibular tooth extracted from each dog (seven), cultured in vitro and phenotypically characterized with regard to their biological properties. Following, bilateral class II furcation lesions were created at maxillary 3rd premolars and were randomly assigned to the test group [PDL cells+guided tissue regeneration (GTR)] or the control group (GTR). After 3 months, the animals were euthanized to evaluate the histometric parameters. RESULTS: In vitro, PDL cells were able to promote mineral nodule formation and to express bone sialoprotein, type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase. Histometrically, data analysis demonstrated that the cell-treated group presented a superior length of new cementum (6.00 ± 1.50 and 8.08 ± 1.08 mm), a greater extension of periodontal regeneration (3.94 ± 1.20 and 7.28 ± 1.00 mm), a lower formation of connective tissue/epithelium (2.15 ± 1.92 and 0.60 ± 0.99 mm), a larger area of new bone (7.01 ± 0.61 and 9.02 ± 2.30 mm(2)) and a smaller area of connective tissue/epithelium (5.90 ± 1.67 and 4.22 ± 0.95 mm(2)), when compared with control group. CONCLUSION: PDL cells in association with GTR may significantly promote periodontal regeneration in class II furcation defects in dog.

Platelet-rich plasma plus bioactive glass in the treatment of intra-bony defects: a study in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate, histomorphometrically, the association of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bioactive glass (BG) in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine mongrel dogs were included in the study. Three-wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the mesial and distal aspect of first mandibular molar and exposed to plaque accumulation for 1 month. The defects were randomly assigned to the groups: control, BG, PRP, PRP+BG. Dogs were sacrificed 90 days after the surgeries. The histometric parameters evaluated were: length of sulcular and junctional epithelium, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, new bone, defect extension and area of new bone filling the defect. RESULTS: A superior area of new bone was observed in PRP+BG and BG (13.80 ± 2.32 mm² and 15.63 ± 2.64 mm², respectively) when compared to the other groups (8.19 ± 1.46 mm² and 8.81 ± 1.47 mm² for control and PRP, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in the remaining parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that PRP failed to provide statistically significant improvements in the histometric parameters.

Platelet-rich plasma plus bioactive glass in the treatment of intra-bony defects: a study in dogs

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate, histomorphometrically, the association of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bioactive glass (BG) in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine mongrel dogs were included in the study. Three-wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the mesial and distal aspect of first mandibular molar and exposed to plaque accumulation for 1 month. The defects were randomly assigned to the groups: control, BG, PRP, PRP+BG. Dogs were sacrificed 90 days after the surgeries. The histometric parameters evaluated were: length of sulcular and junctional epithelium, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, new bone, defect extension and area of new bone filling the defect. RESULTS: A superior area of new bone was observed in PRP+BG and BG (13.80±2.32 mm² and 15.63±2.64 mm², respectively) when compared to the other groups (8.19±1.46 mm² and 8.81±1.47 mm² for control and PRP, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in the remaining parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that PRP failed to provide statistically significant improvements in the histometric parameters.

Peri-implant reconstruction using autologous periosteum-derived cells and guided bone regeneration.

AIM: This investigation evaluated the bone healing in peri-implant defects treated with periosteum-derived cells (PCs) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: PCs were harvested from six beagle dogs and characterized in vitro with regard to their osteogenic properties. The animals were subjected to teeth extraction in the mandible, and after 3 months of healing, implant sites were drilled, bone dehiscences were created and implants were placed. Dehiscences were randomly assigned to: PCs+GBR, GBR, PCs and non-treated defects. After 3 months, the implants/adjacent tissues were processed. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) bone fill (BF) within implant threads, and bone area (BA) in a zone lateral to the implant were obtained. RESULTS: In vitro analyses confirmed the osteogenic potential of PCs. Histometrically, no statistically significant differences were observed among the PCs+GBR, GBR and PCs groups for both BF and BIC (p>0.05), whereas these groups showed statistically higher values, as compared with the non-treated group (p<0.05). With respect to BA, the PCs+GBR and GBR groups presented significantly higher means, as compared with the PCs and non-treated groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Although successful outcomes have been promoted by using the combined approach, PCs in conjunction with membranes did not provide additional benefit during peri-implant bone regeneration, when compared with the therapeutic approaches used alone.

Platelet-rich plasma and connective tissue grafts in the treatment of gingival recessions: a histometric study in dogs.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to histometrically evaluate the healing process of gingival recessions treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in combination with a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and to compare it to that obtained with SCTG alone. METHODS: Six mongrel dogs were used in the experiment. Gingival recessions (5 x 7 mm) were surgically created and exposed to plaque accumulation for 1 month. Contralateral defects were randomly assigned to the test group (SCTG + PRP) or the control group (SCTG). Dogs were sacrificed 45 days after the surgeries, and the blocks containing the experimental specimens were processed for histologic analysis. The histometric parameters evaluated were length of sulcular and junctional epithelium, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, new bone, and defect extension. RESULTS: A greater length of new cementum was observed in the sites treated with PRP (2.18 +/- 0.78 mm) compared to the control group (1.19 +/- 0.62 mm) (P < or =0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the remaining parameters. The extension of total epithelium (sulcular and junctional epithelium) was 2.04 +/- 0.57 mm for the test group and 2.49 +/- 0.82 mm for the control group. The new connective tissue adjacent to the root without cementum formation was 0.29 +/- 0.28 mm and 0.23 +/- 0.18 mm for the test and control groups, respectively. Bone position was -0.57 +/- 0.95 mm for the test group and -0.46 +/- 1.34 mm for the control group. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, the combination of PRP with SCTG was more effective in promoting new cementum formation than the graft alone.

ROG associada a enxerto aloplástico para tratamento de defeito periimplantar. Relato de caso / Treatment of peri-implantitis defect using GBR associated with aloplastic graft. Case report

A regeneração óssea guiada (ROG) vem se confirmando como procedimento previsível, enquanto enxertos aloplásticos têm apresentado resultados promissores quanto à regeneração. Este trabalho apresenta um caso clínico em que a paciente apresentou-se à clínica com queixa de inflamação na gengiva ao redor do implante na região do 35. Ao serem realizados exames clínico e radiográfico verificou-se presença de profundidade de sondagem (PS) de 5 mm e 7 mm (com sangramento) e perda óssea ao redor do implante. Após a remoção da coroa protética foi feito um retalho total, seguido da remoção do tecido de granulação. A descontaminação da superfície do implante foi realizada com jato de bicarbonato e tetraciclina, sendo posteriormente aplicado o enxerto de vidro bioativo e membrana de PTFE-e. Após 12 meses, em avaliações clínica e radiográfica, verificou-se a formação óssea ao redor do implante preenchendo o defeito. Conclui-se que a técnica de enxerto aloplástico associado à ROG foram capazes de promover a regeneração óssea ao redor de implante acometido por periimplantite.

GBR has been confirmed as a predicable procedure for the treatment of bone defects. Aloplastic grafts, have presenting encouraging results on bone regeneration. The present work illustrated a clinical case witch the patient I.S.F. presented asking treatment for inflammation affecting the tissues around the implant on the element 35. In the clinical and radiographic exam, it was demonstrated the presence of a probing depth of 5 and 7 mm and bone defect, that permit to establish the diagnosis of peri-implantitis. It was preceded with the scaling of the defect after. The surface of the implant was decontaminated by sodium bicarbonate jet and tetracycline, followed the insertion of the graft of bioactive glass and GBR. In a 12-months clinical and radiographic evaluation it was observed the new bone around the implant filling the defect. It can be concluded that the bioactive glass associated with GBR were capable to promote bone regeneration on defects occasioned by peri-implantitis.

Avaliação clínica da associação do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) com o enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial em retrações gengivais criadas em cães / Association between subepithelial connective tissue graft and platelet enriched plasma (PRP): Clinical assessment in dogs

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar clinicamente a associação do plasma rico em plaquetas(PRP) como enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial quando utilizado no recobrimento radicular de defeitos do tipo retração em cães. Foram incluídos nove cães, fêmeas, de raça indefinida nas quais foram criados cirurgicamente defeitos de retração Classe I de Miller nos caninos superiores. Durante um mês os defeitos foram cronificados Após este período foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de tratamento: Grupo1:enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial associado ao PRP; Grupo2: enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial. A avaliação dos parâmetros de altura da retração, largura da retração, altura de tecido queratinizado e espessura de tecido queratinizado mostraram que o enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial associado ao posicionamento coronário do retalho é efetivo para o tratamento das retrações criadas cirurgicamente em cães.Não havendo diferença significativas quando comparado ao grupo associado ao PRP; concluiu-se que neste modelo de estudo, não há benefícios na adição do plasma rico em plaquetas no recobrimento radicular.

Effect of cigarette smoke inhalation and estrogen deficiency on bone healing around titanium implants: a histometric study in rats.

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) and estrogen deficiency (OVX) may affect bone quality around titanium implants; however, their association has not been evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effects of CSI associated with OVX on bone healing around titanium implants. METHODS: The tibia surface of 45 female Wistar rats was surgically exposed, and screw-shaped titanium implants were placed. The animals were randomly assigned to OVX (ovariectomized rats; n = 15), SHAM (sham-operated rats; n = 15), and CSI + OVX (4 months of intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation, starting 2 months before implant placement in ovariectomized rats; n = 15). The implants were placed at the time of OVX or SHAM surgery. After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified sections obtained. The percentages of mineralized tissue (bone density [BD]) in a 500-microm-wide zone lateral to the implant, bone filling (BF) within the limits of the threads, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were measured in cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) bone. RESULTS: In zone A, the CSI + OVX group showed a significant difference regarding BIC and BD (P <0.05) compared to the other groups. In zone B, data analysis showed that the CSI + OVX group presented the lowest percentage of BD and BIC, followed by the OVX and SHAM groups, respectively (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that cigarette smoke inhalation amplified the deleterious effects of estrogen deficiency, affecting both preexisting and newly formed bone in the cortical and cancellous bone around titanium implants.

Estudo da relação entre estresse e a formação de compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSV) durante a periodontite experimental induzida em ratos: um estudo piloto / The relationship of stress and volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) during experimental periodontitis in rats: a pilot study

Os compostos sulfurados voláteis têm sido relacionados com a doença periodontal e também a situações envolvendo estresse. Entretanto, a influência da periodontite associada ao estresse na formação de CSV, ainda não foi claramente estabelecida. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar uma possível relação entre o estresse e os CSV durante a periodontite induzida em ratos. Foram utilizados 20 ratos Wistar machos, que, após anestesia, receberam uma ligadura de algodão na região dento-gengival dos molares inferiores. Os animais foram divididos em 2 grupos aleatoriamente: A-estresse (isolamento/imobilização - 2h/dia/40dias) e B - controle. Os níveis de CSV foram monitorados duas vezes ao dia (antes e depois da imobilização) por um monitor de compostos sulfurosos. A análise intergrupos mostrou um aumento na formação de CSV (p<0.001) no grupo A(25+2.4ppb) quando comparado com o grupo B(12+1.5ppb). Já a análise intragrupo demonstrou que após o período experimental, os CSV aumentaram significativamente (p<0.05) quando comparados ao baseline no grupo A(14+3.4 para 25+2.4ppb), enquanto no grupo B houve uma redução também significante (18+3.1 para 12+1.5ppb, p<0.05). Dentro dos limites deste estudo, a análise dos resultados sugere uma possível relação entre o estresse e o aumento n a formação de CSV associada a periodontite em ratos.

Modalidades de tratamento do abscesso periodontal / Periodontal abscess treatment

O abscesso periodontal é o terceiro processo infeccioso agudo mais frequente dentre as urgências odontológicas, destruindo rapidamente os tecidos periodontais, podendo interferir no prognóstico do dente envolvido, além de apresentar a possibilidade de disseminação da infecção. Apesar disso, são poucos os trabalhos na literatura que discutem o tratamento dessa lesão. As principais questões permanecem em casos clínicos específicos, nos quais o tratamento dos abscessos pode variar quanto à indicação e o momento da antibioticoterapia sistêmica, e da necessidade do procedimento de drenagem imediata com posterior descontaminação radicular. Logo, o objetivo desta revisão da literatura é estabelecer uma análise crítica sobre as modalidades de tratamento do abscesso periodontal, frente a suas características clínicas e microbiológicas

Locally delivered doxycycline as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of smokers: a clinical study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the association of locally delivered doxycycline (10%) with scaling and root planing in the periodontal treatment of smokers. METHODS: Forty-three patients with chronic periodontitis and a minimum of four pockets (> or = 5 mm) on anterior teeth that bled on probing were selected. Patients were randomly assigned to scaling and root planing (SRP) or scaling and root planing followed by local application of doxycycline (SRP-D). Plaque, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, relative attachment level (RAL), and probing depth (PD) were recorded at baseline, 45 days, and 3 and 6 months. Differences between baseline and each period were considered for analysis. RESULTS: At 6 months, no difference was found between groups regarding plaque, bleeding reduction, gingival recession or PD (P > 0.05). However, RAL gain was greater for SRP-D (1.63 +/- 0.93 mm) than for SRP (1.04 +/- 0.71 mm) (P = 0.025). In addition, deep pockets (> or = 7 mm) showed a significant reduction (3.78 +/- 1.41 versus 2.60 +/- 1.28 mm, P = 0.039) and RAL gain (2.54 +/- 1.27 mm versus 1.29 +/- 0.95 mm, P = 0.01) when doxycycline was applied. The proportion of sites showing RAL gain of 1 to 2 mm was 36.8% versus 21.7% for SRP-D and SRP, respectively (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The use of locally delivered doxycycline may constitute an important adjunct for the treatment of severe periodontal disease in smokers.

Importance of differential diagnosis in endodontic-periodontal lesions: case reports.

Two case reports are presented in which the radiographic characteristics induced initially incorrect diagnoses. Only after combined clinical and radiographic examinations were the appropriate diagnoses achieved. This article demonstrates the need for close cooperation between periodontists and endodontists to diagnose periradicular lesions accurately.

Intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation may affect bone volume around titanium implants in rats.

BACKGROUND: A negative influence of smoking on implant outcomes has been reported. This animal study investigated the influence of cigarette smoke on osseointegration and newly formed bone within implant threads. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were included in the study. After anesthesia, the tibiae surface was exposed and a screw-shaped titanium implant (4.0 mm in length; 2.2 mm in diameter) was placed bilaterally. The animals were randomly assigned to group 1, control, or group 2, intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation. The animals were sacrificed after 60 days and undecalcified sections obtained. The degree of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and the bone area (BA) within the implant threads were measured in the cortical (zone A) and cancellous bone (zone B) areas. RESULTS: A slight difference in the BIC was noted between the groups, but this was not statistically significant either in zone A or in zone B (Mann-Whitney test, P > 0.05). In contrast, the BA close to the implant significantly decreased in both zones for group 2 (84.73% +/- 4.77 versus 79.85% +/- 6.17, zone A in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and 32.01% +/- 6.62 versus 20.71% +/- 8.57, zone B in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present study, intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation may result in a poor bone quality around titanium implants inserted in rats.

Bone density around titanium implants may be influenced by intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation: a histometric study in rats.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the influence of cigarette smoke on bone healing around titanium implants placed in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After administration of anesthesia, the tibia surface was exposed and screw-shaped titanium implants (4.0 mm in length and 2.2 mm in diameter) were placed bilaterally (1 each side). The animals (n = 32) were randomly assigned to either group 1 (control, n = 18) or group 2 (intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation, n = 14). After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified sections obtained. Bone density (the proportion of mineralized bone in a 500-microm-wide zone lateral to the implant) was measured in the cortical (zone A) and cancellous bone (zone B) areas. RESULTS: In zone A, a slight difference in bone density was noted between the groups (96.18% +/- 1.08% and 95.38 +/- 1.17% in groups 1 and 2, respectively; P > .05) but was not statistically significant. In contrast, bone density was significantly decreased in zone B in the animals that were exposed to cigarette smoke (17.57 +/- 6.45% and 11.30 +/- 6.81% for groups 1 and 2, respectively; P < .05). DISCUSSION: Whether different results would be observed if animals were exposed to cigarette smoke for a longer period of time and/or before implant placement remains to be investigated. CONCLUSION: Although intermittent cigarette smoke exposure may not seriously affect cortical bone density, it may jeopardize bone quality around titanium implants in the cancellous bone area.