Drivers of human-wildlife impact events involving mammals in Southeastern Brazil.

Annually millions of animals are killed as a result of human-wildlife impacts. Each year the NGO Associação Mata Ciliar (NGOMC), in Southeastern Brazil, receives and rehabilitates thousands of animals. We evaluated how natural and anthropogenic characteristics affect the risk of different types of human-wildlife impacts for mammals that arrive at the NGOMC; and explore the relationship between both the animal's size and the type of human-wildlife impact event, survival rates and the likelihood that these animals can be fully rehabilitated. To test our hypotheses regarding the drivers and consequences of the total number of human-wildlife impact events, traffic collisions, electrocutions, and requested removals, we used records of the mammals that arrived at the NGOMC between 2012 and 2018, and obtained data on environmental attributes and anthropogenic factors at the municipality level, as well as species weights. The total number of human-wildlife impact events and of requested removals were both positively correlated with deforestation rate and urban area. The number of traffic collisions was positively related to the number of fires. Municipalities with larger urban areas were more likely to have at least one electrocuted mammal. Temporally, the number of fires two months before was positively correlated with the number of human-wildlife impact events. Traffic collisions and electrocutions more frequently resulted in the death of the animal, than did other events. Animals that died were heavier on average than those that remained in captivity or were successfully released back into the wild. We conclude that human-wildlife impact event rates should decline with lower rates of deforestation, less anthropogenic fires and the adoption of other specific measures to avoid both traffic collisions with fauna and electrocutions.

Reproductive biology of the bat Sturnira lilium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil.

Bats can be monoestrous or polyestrous, and seasonal or non-seasonal in their reproductive patterns. The strategy adopted by each species or population depends on the regional climate. The objective this study was to analyze reproductive data of Sturnira lilium from long-term sampling carried out in several sites in Rio de Janeiro states, southeastern Brazil. We carried out sampling in 42 sites (with altitudes ranging from sea level to 1300 m a.s.l.) from May 1989 to December 2011. In total, we obtained 2602 captures of S. lilium: 1242 captures of adult females, 1225 captures of adult males, and 136 captures of subadults. The sex ratio was 0.99 males: 1 female. The reproductive season varied from eight to twelve months a year, and it was not related to the total accumulated rainfall. Sturnira lilium have continuously polyestrous reproduction with postpartum estrus and pregnant females can be observed in all months except July. In the present study, the highest proportions of pregnant females were observed in the months with the highest rainfall.

Comparison of two mammalian surveys made with camera traps in southeastern Brazil, focusing the abundance of wild mammals and domestic dogs.

Sampling allows assessing the impact of human activities on mammal communities. It is also possible to assess the accuracy of different sampling methods, especially when the sampling effort is similar. The present study aimed at comparing two mammalian surveys carried out over a three-year interval, in terms of sampling effort, capture success, abundance of domestic dogs, impact of human activities, and relative biomass using camera traps, in the Serra do Japi Biological Reserve and surroundings, located in Jundiaí, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The total richness recorded was 13 species, one domestic and 12 wild mammals. Sampling effort in both surveys was similar, but capture success and number of captures differed. The abundance of wild mammals and dogs did also differ between surveys. There was a highly significant correlation between abundance of wild mammals and capture effort for the survey performed in 2006/2007, but not for the survey performed in 2009/2010. The difference between samples may be related to human disturbance, since the number of domestic mammals photographed was higher in the second survey, three years after the first survey. Despite being a reserve, the area is still under pressure from urbanization, biological invasion, environmental degradation, and hunting, which may reduce the abundance of wild mammals.

Microcirurgia tubária na clínica ginecológica da Escola Paulista de Medicina / Tubal microsurgery at the gynecologic clinic of the Escola Paulista de Medicina

Os AA avaliaram o resultado da microcirurgia tubária em 196 casos operados na Clínica Ginecológica da Escola Paulista de Medicina, no período de 10 anos; de 1978 a 1987. Separam os casos de acordo com o tipo de cirurgia em Salpingostomia: 52 vezes; lise de aderências (salpingolise): 48; anastomose ístmico ístmica: 62 e reimplante tubo-uterino: 34. Descrevem as técnicas e concluem expondo seus resultados em termos de permeabilizaçäo e de gravidez. Afirmam que cerca de 25% dos casos resultam em gestaçäo, na média de todos os casos e especificam as porcentagens de cada tipo de cirurgia realizada

[A critical evaluation of hormonal contraceptives]. / Avaliacao critica dos contraceptivos hormonais.

PIP: A critical evaluation of hormonal contraceptives is presented. The pills have been used for more than 100 million women all over the world. During the 25 years of their commercialization, there has been an improvement in their composition, today being considered almost perfect. The side effects can be summarized in 3 groups: endocrine-sexual such as vomiting, headaches, menstrual irregularity; systemic such as thromboembolism, sodium retention, hypertension; and general such as irritability and sexual dysfunction. The pills have some protective effects in the endometrium against cancer, and also against pelvic inflammations. They also can be used to treat uterine bleeding and endometriosis.^ieng

Therapeutic insemination with fresh semen.

[Beginning of abstract missing from journal] were studied. Every female patient presented normal ovulation, tubal patency and morphologic and functional integrity of her genital tract. Their husbands presented normal spermogram in 45 cases (23.4%), oligospermy in 145 (75.5%) and azoospermy in 2 (0.96%). The number of the inseminations ranged from 1 to 10 series, in each of which a daily trial was attempted, three times every other day in the ovulatory period. The insemination technique included vaginal, intracervical and intra-uterine deposition of homologous fresh semen. The results expressed in terms of pregnancy achieved rates of 28.12% with 24.07% abortions.

Feprazona em dose unica diaria, na anexite. / Single daily dose of feprazone in adnexitis

Quarenta e cinco pacientes com processos inflamatorios anexiais agudos e cronicos foram tratadas, durante oito a 12 dias, com 400 mg de feprazona (duas capsulas com 200 mg cada), administrados em dose unica diaria, apos o jantar. Os resultados foram considerados bons em 41 (91%) e regulares em quatro casos, nao se registrando insucessos terapeuticos. A tolerabilidade foi satisfatoria, tendo apenas quatro pacientes apresentado efeitos colaterais (gastralgia e/ou prurido) de baixa intensidade, que nao obrigaram a interrupcao do tratamento. Os controles laboratoriais mantiveram-se imodificados. Nesta serie de observacoes, a posologia de 400 mg, em administracao unica diaria, revelou ser altamente eficaz e bem tolerada