RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To demonstrate the utility of machine learning models for predicting difficult airways using clinical and ultrasound parameters. METHODS: This is a prospective non-consecutive cohort of patients undergoing elective surgery. We collected as predictor variables age, sex, BMI, OSA, Mallampatti, thyromental distance, bite test, cervical circumference, cervical ultrasound measurements, and Cormack-Lehanne class after laryngoscopy. We univariate analyzed the relationship of the predictor variables with the Cormack-Lehanne class to design machine learning models by applying the random forest technique with each predictor variable separately and in combination. We found each design's AUC-ROC, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: We recruited 400 patients. Cormack-Lehanne patients≥III had higher age, BMI, cervical circumference, Mallampati class membership≥III, and bite test≥II and their ultrasound measurements were significantly higher. Machine learning models based on physical examination obtained better AUC-ROC values than ultrasound measurements but without reaching statistical significance. The combination of physical variables that we call the "Classic Model" achieved the highest AUC-ROC value among all the models [0.75 (0.67-0.83)], this difference being statistically significant compared to the rest of the ultrasound models. CONCLUSIONS: The use of machine learning models for diagnosing VAD is a real possibility, although it is still in a very preliminary stage of development. CLINICAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04816435.
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La sección de Vía Aérea de la Sociedad Española De Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor (SEDAR), la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) y la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (SEORL-CCC) presentan la Guía para el manejo integral de la vía aérea difícil en el paciente adulto. Sus principios están focalizados en el factor humano, los procesos cognitivos para la toma de decisiones en situaciones críticas y la optimización en la progresión de la aplicación de estrategias para preservar una adecuada oxigenación alveolar con el objeto de mejorar la seguridad y la calidad asistencial. El documento proporciona recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia científica actual, herramientas teórico/educativas y herramientas de implementación, fundamentalmente ayudas cognitivas, aplicables al tratamiento de la vía aérea en el campo de la anestesiología, cuidados críticos, urgencias y medicina prehospitalaria. Para ello se realizó una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica según las directrices PRISMA-R y se analizó utilizando la metodología GRADE. Las recomendaciones se formularon de acuerdo con esta metodología. Las recomendaciones de aquellas secciones con evidencia de baja calidad se basaron en la opinión de expertos mediante consenso alcanzado a través de un cuestionario Delphi.(AU)
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factor, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Manejo de la Vía Aérea/métodos , Manejo del Dolor , Traqueostomía , Máscaras Laríngeas , Intubación Intratraqueal , España , Anestesia General , Sedación Consciente , AnestesiologíaRESUMEN
La sección de Vía Aérea de la Sociedad Española De Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor (SEDAR), la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) y la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (SEORL-CCC) presentan la Guía para el manejo integral de la vía aérea difícil en el paciente adulto. Sus principios están focalizados en el factor humano, los procesos cognitivos para la toma de decisiones en situaciones críticas y la optimización en la progresión de la aplicación de estrategias para preservar una adecuada oxigenación alveolar con el objeto de mejorar la seguridad y la calidad asistencial. El documento proporciona recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia científica actual, herramientas teórico/educativas y herramientas de implementación, fundamentalmente ayudas cognitivas, aplicables al tratamiento de la vía aérea en el campo de la anestesiología, cuidados críticos, urgencias y medicina prehospitalaria. Para ello se realizó una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica según las directrices PRISMA-R y se analizó utilizando la metodología GRADE. Las recomendaciones se formularon de acuerdo con esta metodología. Las recomendaciones de aquellas secciones con evidencia de baja calidad se basaron en la opinión de expertos mediante consenso alcanzado a través de un cuestionario Delphi.(AU)
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factor, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Manejo de la Vía Aérea/métodos , Manejo del Dolor , Traqueostomía , Máscaras Laríngeas , Intubación Intratraqueal , España , Anestesia General , Sedación Consciente , AnestesiologíaRESUMEN
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factors, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.
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Humanos , Máscaras Laríngeas , Manejo de la Vía Aérea/normas , Intubación Intratraqueal , Traqueostomía/rehabilitación , Sedación ConscienteRESUMEN
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factors, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.
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Manejo de la Vía Aérea , Humanos , Manejo de la Vía Aérea/normas , Manejo de la Vía Aérea/métodos , Medicina de Emergencia/normas , Adulto , Intubación IntratraquealRESUMEN
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factors, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.
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Manejo de la Vía Aérea , Humanos , Manejo de la Vía Aérea/normas , Manejo de la Vía Aérea/métodos , Medicina de Emergencia/normas , Adulto , Intubación IntratraquealRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The implementation of Enhanced Recover After Surgery (ERAS) multimodal rehabilitation protocols in radical cystectomy has shown to improve outcomes in hospital stay and complications. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic surgery on radical cystectomy within a multimodal rehabilitation program. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in a third level center between 2011 and 2020 including patients with bladder cancer submitted to radical cystectomy according to an ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol and the Spanish Multimodal Rehabilitation Group (GERM) with 20 items to be fulfilled. RESULTS: A total of 250 radical cystectomies were performed throughout the study period, 42.8% by open surgery (OS) and 57.2% by laparoscopic surgery (LS). The groups are comparable in demographic and clinical variables (pâ¯>â¯0.05). Operative time was longer in the LS group (248.4⯱â¯55.0 vs. 286.2⯱â¯51.9â¯min; pâ¯<â¯0.001). However, bleeding was significantly lower in the LS group (417.5⯱â¯365.7 vs. 877.9⯱â¯529.7 cc; pâ¯<â¯0.001), as was the need for blood transfusion (33.6% vs. 58.9%; pâ¯<â¯0.001). Postoperative length of stay (11.5⯱â¯10.5 vs. 20.1⯱â¯17.2 days; pâ¯<â¯0.001), total and major complications were also significantly lower in this group (LS). The readmission rate was lower in the LS group but not significantly (36.4% vs. 29.4%; pâ¯=â¯0.237). The difference between 90-day mortality in both groups was not statistically significant (2.8% LS vs. 4.3% OS; pâ¯=â¯0.546). The differences were maintained in the multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery within a multimodal rehabilitation program increases operative time but significantly decreases intraoperative bleeding, transfusion requirements, postoperative length of stay, and complications.
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Cistectomía , Laparoscopía , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , Cistectomía/rehabilitación , Cistectomía/métodos , Masculino , Laparoscopía/rehabilitación , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/rehabilitación , Anciano , Resultado del Tratamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuperación Mejorada Después de la Cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Protocolos Clínicos , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Terapia CombinadaRESUMEN
The TotaltrackTM is a new video laryngeal mask, which combines a supraglottic airway with a videolaryngoscope. We evaluated the performance of this device in an observational study in 300 adult patients. The Totaltrack was inserted at the first attempt and the glottis seen in all cases. In 249 patients (83%; 95%CI 78.7-87.3%) the glottis was seen at the first attempt. Adequate ventilation and tracheal intubation were achieved in all patients. The median time to visualisation of vocal cords, to confirmation of ventilation and to successful tracheal intubation was 5 s, 13 s and 24 s, respectively. Nineteen patients (6.3%; 95%CI 3.55-9.05%) suffered minor complications, such as mucosal lesion or blood staining. The Totaltrack appears effective for airway management.
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Manejo de la Vía Aérea/instrumentación , Máscaras Laríngeas , Grabación de Cinta de Video/instrumentación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Manejo de la Vía Aérea/métodos , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
No disponible
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Endoscopía/instrumentación , Endoscopios/tendencias , Conversión Analogo-Digital , Tecnología Inalámbrica/tendencias , Desarrollo TecnológicoRESUMEN
La asistencia sanitaria está en constante transformación. Los sistemas de salud deben centrarse en mejorar la eficiencia para satisfacer la creciente demanda de atención de salud de alta calidad y bajo coste. El quirófano es una de las mayores fuentes de ingresos y una de las mayores áreas de gasto. Por lo tanto, la gestión del bloque quirúrgico es una clave fundamental para el éxito. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los principios actuales de organización, optimización y gestión clínica del bloque quirúrgico y su impacto en la calidad y en la seguridad asistenciales
Healthcare is in constant transformation. Health systems should focus on improving efficiency to meet a growing demand for high-quality, low-cost health care. The operating room is one of the biggest sources of revenue and one of the largest areas of expense. Therefore, operating room management is a critical key to success. The aim of this article is to analyze the current principles of organization, optimization and clinical management of the operating room and its impact on the quality and safety of care
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Humanos , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital/organización & administración , 34002 , Administración de la Seguridad , Optimización de Procesos/métodos , Mejoramiento de la Calidad/tendencias , Eficiencia Organizacional/tendencias , Objetivos Organizacionales , Tempo OperativoRESUMEN
Healthcare is in constant transformation. Health systems should focus on improving efficiency to meet a growing demand for high-quality, low-cost health care. The operating room is one of the biggest sources of revenue and one of the largest areas of expense. Therefore, operating room management is a critical key to success. The aim of this article is to analyze the current principles of organization, optimization and clinical management of the operating room and its impact on the quality and safety of care.
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Eficiencia Organizacional , Quirófanos/organización & administración , Tempo Operativo , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Urgencias Médicas , Quirófanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
La importancia de la seguridad de nuestros pacientes en el entorno quirúrgico ha impulsado multitud de proyectos dirigidos al mejor control y actuación clínica de las variables que intervienen o modulan los resultados de los procesos quirúrgicos y que tienen relación directa sobre los mismos. La Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor -SEDAR- mantiene una constante preocupación por una variable que determina claramente los resultados de nuestros procesos clínicos, la hipotermia no intencionada que se desarrolla en todos los pacientes sometidos a un procedimiento anestésico-quirúrgico. SEDAR ha promovido, en colaboración con otras sociedades científicas y asociaciones de pacientes, la elaboración de esta guía de práctica clínica, que pretende dar respuesta a cuestiones clínicas no resueltas aun y para las cuales no existen hasta ahora documentos basados en la mejor evidencia científica disponible. Con metodología GRADE y la asistencia técnica de la oficina de Colaboración Cochrane Iberoamericana, esta guía de práctica clínica presenta 3 recomendaciones (débil a favor) para los métodos activos de calentamiento para la prevención de la hipotermia (cutáneos, de líquidos o gases); 3 para la priorización de las estrategias de prevención de la hipotermia (2 débil a favor y una fuerte a favor); 2 para las estrategias de precalentamiento previas a la inducción anestésica (2 débil a favor); y 2 para investigación
The importance of the safety of our patients in the surgical theatre, has driven many projects. The majority of them aimed at better control and clinical performance; mainly of the variables that intervene or modulate the results of surgical procedures, and have a direct relationship with them. The Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Therapeutic Pain (SEDAR), maintains a constant concern for a variable that clearly determines the outcomes of our clinical processes, "unintentional hypothermia" that develops in all patients undergoing an anesthetic or surgical procedure. SEDAR has promoted, in collaboration with other scientific Societies and patient Associations, the elaboration of this clinical practice guideline, which aims to answer clinical questions not yet resolved and for which, up to now, there are no documents based in the best scientific evidence available. With GRADE methodology and technical assistance from the Ibero-American Cochrane Collaboration office, this clinical practice guideline presents three recommendations (weak in favor) for active heating methods for the prevention of hypothermia (skin, fluid or gas); three for the prioritization of strategies for the prevention of hypothermia (too weak in favor and one strongly in favor); two of preheating strategies prior to anesthetic induction (both weak in favor); and two for research
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Humanos , Hipotermia/terapia , Anestesia/métodos , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodos , Seguridad del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias , Evaluación de Resultados de Acciones Preventivas , Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The importance of the safety of our patients in the surgical theatre, has driven many projects. The majority of them aimed at better control and clinical performance; mainly of the variables that intervene or modulate the results of surgical procedures, and have a direct relationship with them. The Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Therapeutic Pain (SEDAR), maintains a constant concern for a variable that clearly determines the outcomes of our clinical processes, "unintentional hypothermia" that develops in all patients undergoing an anesthetic or surgical procedure. SEDAR has promoted, in collaboration with other scientific Societies and patient Associations, the elaboration of this clinical practice guideline, which aims to answer clinical questions not yet resolved and for which, up to now, there are no documents based in the best scientific evidence available. With GRADE methodology and technical assistance from the Ibero-American Cochrane Collaboration office, this clinical practice guideline presents three recommendations (weak in favor) for active heating methods for the prevention of hypothermia (skin, fluid or gas); three for the prioritization of strategies for the prevention of hypothermia (too weak in favor and one strongly in favor); two of preheating strategies prior to anesthetic induction (both weak in favor); and two for research.
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Hipotermia/prevención & control , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/prevención & control , Recalentamiento/métodos , Adulto , Anestesia/efectos adversos , Transfusión Sanguínea , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Fluidoterapia , Prioridades en Salud , Humanos , Hipotermia/etiología , Hipotermia/fisiopatología , Hipotermia/terapia , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/fisiopatología , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/terapia , Monitoreo Intraoperatorio/métodos , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Recalentamiento/instrumentación , Factores de Riesgo , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/efectos adversos , Termometría/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative complications in patients having major elective surgery using oesophageal Doppler monitor-guided goal-directed haemodynamic therapy (GDHT), in which administration of fluids, inotropes, and vasopressors was guided by stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, and cardiac index. METHODS: The FEDORA trial was a prospective, multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, controlled patient- and observer-blind trial conducted in adults scheduled for major elective surgery. Randomization and allocation were carried out by a central computer system. In the control group, intraoperative fluids were given based on traditional principles. In the GDHT group, the intraoperative goals were to maintain a maximal stroke volume, with mean arterial pressure >70 mm Hg, and cardiac index ≥2.5 litres min-1 m-2. The primary outcome was percentage of patients with moderate or severe postoperative complications during the first 180 days after surgery. RESULTS: In total, 450 patients were randomized to the GDHT group (n=224) or control group (n=226). Data from 420 subjects were analysed. There were significantly fewer with complications in the GDHT group (8.6% vs 16.6%, P=0.018). There were also fewer complications (acute kidney disease, pulmonary oedema, respiratory distress syndrome, wound infections, etc.), and length of hospital stay was shorter in the GDHT group. There was no significant difference in mortality between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oesophageal Doppler monitor-guided GDHT reduced postoperative complications and hospital length of stay in low-moderate risk patients undergoing intermediate risk surgery, with no difference in mortality at 180 days. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN93543537.
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Cardiotónicos/administración & dosificación , Fluidoterapia/métodos , Hemodinámica/fisiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/terapia , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/métodos , Vasoconstrictores/administración & dosificación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos , Esófago , Femenino , Objetivos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Riesgo , Ultrasonografía Doppler/métodosRESUMEN
En la actualidad han aparecido diferentes proyectos para intentar monitorizar las respuestas nociceptivas provocadas por el estrés quirúrgico y para mantener a los pacientes en las mejores condiciones analgésicas. La respuesta sistémica al estrés quirúrgico tiene repercusiones en el postoperatorio, como son el peor control del dolor, una recuperación más tardía, mayores complicaciones, mayor tiempo de estancia en unidades de reanimación y hospitalaria, e incremento del coste de los servicios sanitarios. Sin embargo, el tratamiento con mayores dosis de opiáceos de las necesarias puede suponer situaciones de despertar más lento, mayor somnolencia y efectos adversos, pero también situaciones de hiperalgesia postoperatoria por opiáceos. Existen 2 grandes grupos de monitorización nociceptiva según el origen del objetivo teórico de vigilancia de la respuesta al estímulo, pudiendo ser derivados de cambios en el electroencefalograma o de la respuesta del sistema nervioso autónomo (AU)
There are currently various projects underway that attempt to monitor the nociceptive responses caused by surgical stress and ensure patients the best analgesic conditions. The systemic response to surgical stress has repercussions in the postoperative period, such as worse pain control, delayed recovery, greater complications, longer stay in resuscitation and hospital units, and increased healthcare costs. However, treatment with higher doses of opioids than necessary may lead to slower awakening, increased drowsiness and adverse effects, as well as situations of postoperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia. There are 2 large groups of nociceptive monitoring according to the origin of the theoretical objective of monitoring response to the stimulus, that may derive from changes in the electroencephalogram or the response of the autonomic nervous system (AU)