Chyloperitoneum due to gastric carcinoma: a case report.

Chyloperitoneum is a rare manifestation of gastric carcinoma, generally occurring late in the course of the disease with a poor prognosis. We report an unusual case of chyloperitoneum in a patient with gastric carcinoma. A 61-year-old male patient presented with postprandial fullness, nausea and weight loss. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated a stenosing lesion of the esophagogastric junction. A biopsy was made and revealed a signet-ring cell gastric adenocarcinoma. The staging CT scan showed multiple abdominal lymphadenopathies and mild ascites. The patient underwent a staging laparoscopy that revealed a large carcinoma of the gastric cardia and a milky-appearing peritoneal fluid. A peritoneal washing and abdominal drainage were performed. The fluid analysis showed a high concentration of triglycerides, compatible with a chyloperitoneum. The patient started medium chain triglycerides-based diet with good response. This case report emphasizes that chyloperitoneum should be considered when assessing patients with gastric carcinoma.

Demencia rápidamente progresiva en adulto joven como forma de presentación de panencefalitis esclerosante subaguda / Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting as rapidly progressive dementia in a young adult

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Epilepsia partialis continua after an anterior circulation ischaemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although cerebrovascular disorders are the main cause of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) in adulthood, the frequency of EPC after stroke is unknown. The aim was to prospectively ascertain its frequency 1 year after an ischaemic stroke. METHODS: This was a prospective study of consecutive acute anterior circulation ischaemic stroke patients, previously independent, with an admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥4, an acute ischaemic lesion on imaging and no previous epileptic seizures. During admission patients received standardized diagnostic and medical care and were submitted to a neurophysiological evaluation protocol. One year after stroke, patients were re-evaluated by an epilepsy expert neurologist and performed a video-electroencephalogram with electromyography co-registration whenever myoclonus was observed during neurological examination for jerk-locked back averaging analysis (JLBA). EPC was defined as continuously repeated fragments of epileptic seizures, with preserved consciousness, lasting at least 1 h, and representing locally restricted epileptic activity. RESULTS: In all, 151 acute anterior circulation stroke patients were consecutively included and prospectively evaluated, but 23 died in the first year. One year after stroke, from 127 patients alive, 117 (92.1%) underwent clinical and neurophysiological evaluation. In two (1.7%) patients, EPC diagnosis was made both by clinical and electroencephalographic criteria, namely JLBA. Both patients had a history of remote symptomatic seizures and one of them acute symptomatic seizures and non-convulsive status epilepticus criteria during the first 7 days after stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its low frequency, the high stroke incidence makes post-stroke EPC relevant. This study draws attention to this recognizable condition with therapeutic and eventually prognostic implications.

Epileptic manifestations in stroke patients treated with intravenous alteplase.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intravenous alteplase (rtPA) may be associated with seizures and epileptic activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The aim of this work was to compare the frequency of seizures and EEG abnormalities between stroke patients treated and not treated with rtPA. METHODS: This was a prospective study of consecutive acute anterior circulation ischaemic stroke patients, with 1-year follow-up. Patients were previously independent, had an admission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score ≥4, an acute ischaemic lesion and no previous seizures. They received standardized diagnostic and medical care. A video-EEG was performed in 72 h (first EEG); during admission (daily until day 7 and after that if neurological worsening); at discharge and 1 year after stroke. RESULTS: In all, 151 patients (101 treated with rtPA) were included. The frequency of acute and remote symptomatic seizures was not significantly different between rtPA treated and non-treated patients (P = 0.726 and P = 0.748, respectively). Clinical paroxysmal phenomena during rtPA perfusion were observed in five (5%) patients. In the first EEG, rtPA treated patients more often had background diffuse slowing (43.6% vs. 26.0%, P = 0.036). This difference was no longer observed at discharge (24.0% vs. 19.1%, P = 0.517) nor 1 year after (11.8% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.765). No differences were found in the frequency of epileptiform (P = 0.867) or periodic discharges (P = 0.381). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous alteplase is not associated with an increased risk of clinical or electroencephalographic epileptic phenomena.

Design and validation of a scale to assess preferences of type 2 diabetic patients towards different nutritional supplements.

OBJECTIVES: To design and validate a scale to evaluate preferences of type 2 diabetic patients towards nutritional supplements (Madrid scale) and to discover those taste attributes that are more discriminating. CONTEXT: ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 controls and 106 type 2 diabetic patients received 2 of the 7 stimuli studied (6 nutritional supplements and a differential salty stimulus) and then completed both scales and a criterion question. Two weeks later, 30 diabetic patients received a retest. The psychometric properties of the Madrid scale were studied and the relative importance of each stimuli attribute was assessed. RESULTS: Feasibility: The Madrid scale consists of 8 questions and is completed in less than five minutes; Dimensionality: A single dimension which explains 45.1% of the variance. Reliability: Cronbach's , 0.806; intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.835 (95% confidence interval: 0.653-0.922). Concurrent validity: Correlation indexes of the corrected total score with the criterion question and the Modified Wine-Tasting Scale, 0.731 (p < 0.0005) and 0.774 (p < 0.0005), respectively. The scale discriminated between subjects younger and older than 75 years and between supplements and the differential stimulus. Preferences: Glucerna SR chocolate, Glucerna SR strawberry, Glucerna SR vanilla, Diasip vanilla, Clinutren vanilla and Resource diabet vanilla. CONCLUSION: The Madrid scale has adequate psychometric properties for its use in research and daily clinical practice.

Design and validation of a scale to assess preferences of type 2 diabetic patients towards different nutritional supplements / Diseño y validación de una escala para evaluar las preferencias de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 de los diferentes suplementos nutritivos

Objectives: To design and validate a scale to evaluate preferences of type 2 diabetic patients towards nutritional supplements (Madrid scale) and to discover those taste attributes that are more discriminating. Context: ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: 18 controls and 106 type 2 diabetic patients received 2 of the 7 stimuli studied (6 nutritional supplements and a differential salty stimulus) and then completed both scales and a criterion question. Two weeks later, 30 diabetic patients received a retest. The psychometric properties of the Madrid scale were studied and the relative importance of each stimuli attribute was assessed. Results: Feasibility: The Madrid scale consists of 8questions and is completed in less than five minutes; Dimensionality: A single dimension which explains 45.1%of the variance. Reliability: Cronbach’s , 0.806; intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.835 (95% confidence interval: 0.653-0.922). Concurrent validity: Correlation indexes of the corrected total score with the criterion question and the Modified Wine-Tasting Scale, 0.731 (p < 0.0005) and 0.774 (p < 0.0005), respectively. The scale discriminated between subjects younger and older than 75 years and between supplements and the differential stimulus. Preferences: Glucerna SR® chocolate, Glucerna SR® strawberry,Glucerna SR® vanilla, Diasip® vanilla, Clinutren®vanilla and Resource diabet® vanilla. Conclusion: The Madrid scale has adequate psychometric properties for its use in research and daily clinical practice

Objetivos: Diseñar y validar una escala (Escala de Madrid) para evaluar las preferencias de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 de los diferentes suplementos nutritivos y descubrir aquellos atributos del sabor que son más discriminatorios. Con texto: pacientes ambulatorios con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.Materiales y métodos: 18 controles y 106 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 recibieron 2 de los 7 estímulos estudiados (6 suplementos nutritivos y un estímulo salado diferencial) y posteriormente completaron ambas escalas y una pregunta criterio. Dos semanas después, se volvió a pasar el cuestionario a 30 pacientes diabéticos. Se estudiaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de Madrid y se evaluó la importancia relativa de cada atributo de los estímulos. Resultados: Realización: La Escala de Madrid comprende8 preguntas y se completa en menos de 5 minutos; Dimensionalidad: una única dimensión que explica el45,1% de la varianza. Fiabilidad: Alfa de Cronbach 0,806; coeficiente de correlación intra-clase 0,835 (intervalo de confianza al 95%: 0,653-0,922). Validez concurrente: índices de correlación para la puntuación total corregida con la pregunta criterio y la escala modificada de degustación de vinos, 0,731 (p < 0,0005) y 0,774 (p < 0,0005), respectivamente. La escala discriminaba entre los individuos menores y mayores de 75 años, y entre los suplementos y su estímulo diferencial. Preferencias: Glucerna SR® chocolate, Glucerna SR® fresa, Glucerna SR® vainilla, Diasip® vainilla, Clinutren® vainilla y Resource diabet® vainilla. Conclusión: La escala de Madrid posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en investigación y en la práctica clínica diaria

Levobupivacaine plus fentanyl versus racemic bupivacaine plus fentanyl in epidural anaesthesia for lower limb surgery.

BACKGROUND: To compare the anaesthetic epidural effects of levobupivacaine plus fentanyl versus bupivacaine plus fentanyl in patients undergoing lower limb surgery. METHODS: A single blind, randomised, prospective, multicentre study was designed to compare both therapies. The study was conducted in 10 tertiary hospitals. A total of 96 patients who were ASA I or II, who required at least a 24-hour-stay in the hospital and who were subjected to surgery of lower limbs with epidural anaesthesia were enrolled in this study. Treatments were administered at a dosage of 1.2 ml per metamera,including a test dose (3 mL) and the dose of fentanyl (100 mg). Patients were then randomly allocated to receive either Levobupivacaine (n = 49) or bupivacaine (N.= 47). The primary endpoint was sensory blockade (SB) duration. Secondary evaluations included motor blockade (MB), post-surgery analgesic medication usage, safety and the investigator global evaluation. RESULTS: SB duration was similar for both interventions: 195 min (165-205) in the bupivacaine group versus 170 min (140-185) in the levobupivicaine group (log-rank test, P=0.884). However, the lack of MB as evaluated by the modified Bromage scale was significantly higher in the levobupivacaine group than in the bupivacaine group (39% vs 13%, P=0.017). Although no significant differences in MB duration were observed between the groups, a trend was observed in the levobupivacaine group, which had a lesser MB (P=0.093). Investigator satisfaction was high and was assessed to a similar extent for both interventions. Forty-one adverse events were detected in 28 patients, with no differences between groups: 15 (33%) with bupivacaine and 13 (27%) with levobupivacaine, P=0.516. CONCLUSION: Although both interventions showed similar anaesthetic effects, a higher proportion of patients receiving levobupivacaine lacked MB.

[IV Debate Forum of the SENPE: questions on nutrition research]. / IV Foro de Debate SENPE: problemática de la investigación en nutrición.

The IV Debate Forum of the SENPE values from a multidisciplinary and multi-professional perspective the questions on clinical research in nutrition in Spain, focusing on enteral nutrition due to the lack of legislation on this issue. The concluding remarks point out the SENPE commitment with promoting quality, education and facilitation of research, greater help to emergent groups, looking for financial support, and timely information on the several summons from public systems and reference centers

[Effects of NSAID on blood pressure among hypertensive patients with a high cardiovascular risk]. / Efecto del tratamiento con AINE sobre la presión arterial en pacientes hipertensos con riesgo cardiovascular elevado.

BACKGROUND: An elevation in the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and blood pressure (BP) levels in patients treated with COX-2 inhibitors compared to non selective NSAID has been shown previously. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of NSAID (COX-2 inhibitors and non-selective) on BP levels and control of HT. To determine the association between NSAID use and coronary heart disease in HT patients with elevated CV risk. METHODS: Cross sectional epidemiological study in 8126 ambulatory HT patients, older than 40, with a high CV risk. We obtained data on personal variables, CV risk factors, previous CV history, CV medication, analgesic and anti inflammatory drugs (AID). Control of HT was classified: optimal, suboptimal and no control. Absolute CV risk was calculated according to the WHO-ISH score. RESULTS: 44.2% of subjects took ASA and 3.7% another NSAID. SBP was 5.90 mmHg (95%CI: 2.53-9.27 mmHg) higher (p < 0.05) in patients treated with NSAID than in those with no AID medication. Patients having ASA, both SBP and DBP were 5.89 mmHg (p < 0.01) and 2.25 mm Hg (p < 0.05) respectively, lower than in patients with NSAID. However, mean SBP was similar in the ibuprofen group compared to without AID; 11.12 mmHg lower (95%CI: 3.66-18.58) than in the group on NSAID (p < 0.05) and 8.82 mmHg (95%CI: 0.27-17.38) (p < 0.05) lower than in those on COX-2 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: Among HT patients, NSAID therapy (selective or not) is associated with a higher level of SBP than in those without such medication. However, patients treated exclusively with Ibuprofen show similar levels of SBP than without NSAID treatment. Frequency of ischemic disease was significantly higher in the group treated with COX-2 inhibitors than in the non-selective NSAID treated group or in patients without NSAID treatment.

Efecto del tratamiento con AINE sobre la presión arterial en pacientes hipertensos con riesgo cardiovascular elevado / Effects of NSAID on blood pressure among hypertensive patients with a high cardiovascular risk

Fundamento: Se ha visto un incremento en el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares y de los niveles de PA en pacientes tratados con inhibidores COX-2 frente a AINE no selectivos. Objetivos: Comparar los efectos del tratamiento con distintos AINE: (inhibidores COX-2 y no selectivos) sobre los niveles de PA, y sobre el grado de control de la HT en pacientes HT con riesgo CV elevado en España. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico transversal en 8.126 pacientes HT ambulatorios, mayores de 40 años, con riesgo CV elevado. Se obtuvo información sobre factores personales y de riesgo CV, antecedentes isquémicos, consumo de fármacos CV, analgésicos y AINE. Se evaluó el grado de control de la HTA en óptimo, subóptimo y no control de acuerdo a la clasificación del JNC-VII. Resultados: El 44,2% de la muestra tomaba AAS y el 3,7% otros AINE. La PAS fue 5,90 mmHg (IC95%: 2,53-9,27 mmHg) más elevada (p < 0,05) en aquellos en tratamiento con cualquier AINE que en aquellos sin AINE. En el grupo de AAS, la PAS y PAD fueron 5,89 mmHg (p < 0,01) y 2,25 mmHg (p < 0,05) respectivamente, más bajas que en los tratados con AINE. Sin embargo, la PAS media fue similar en los tratados con ibuprofeno que en aquellos sin tratamiento AINE, 11,12 mmHg menor (IC95%: 3,66-18,58) que en el grupo con otros AINE (p < 0,05) y 8.82 mmHg (IC95%: 0.27-17.38) (p < 0.05) menor que la de los tratados con inhibidores COX-2. Conclusiones: Los HT tratados con AINE presentaban niveles de PAS más elevados que los que no recibían tratamiento AINE. Sin embargo, los pacientes con ibuprofeno como único AINE, tuvieron cifras de PAS similares a aquellos sin tratamiento AINE. La frecuencia de cardiopatía isquémica fue significativamente mayor en el grupo tratado con inhibidores selectivos de la COX-2 que en el grupo de AINE no selectivos o sin AINE

Background: An elevation in the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and blood pressure (BP) levels in patients treated with COX-2 inhibitors compared to non selective NSAID has been shown previously. Objectives: To compare the effects of NSAID (COX-2 inhibitors and non-selective) on BP levels and control of HT. To determine the association between NSAID use and coronary heart disease in HT patients with elevated CV risk. Methods: Cross sectional epidemiological study in 8126 ambulatory HT patients, older than 40, with a high CV risk. We obtained data on personal variables, CV risk factors, previous CV history, CV medication, analgesic and anti inflammatory drugs (AID). Control of HT was classified: optimal, suboptimal and no control. Absolute CV risk was calculated according to the WHO-ISH score. Results: 44.2% of subjects took ASA and 3.7% another NSAID. SBP was 5.90 mmHg (95%CI: 2.53-9.27 mmHg) higher (p < 0.05) in patients treated with NSAID than in those with no AID medication. Patients having ASA, both SBP and DBP were 5.89 mmHg (p < 0.01) and 2.25 mm Hg (p < 0.05) respectively, lower than in patients with NSAID. However, mean SBP was similar in the ibuprofen group compared to without AID; 11.12 mmHg lower (95%CI: 3.66-18.58) than in the group on NSAID (p < 0.05) and 8.82 mmHg (95%CI: 0.27-17.38) (p < 0.05) lower than in those on COX-2 inhibitors. Conclusions: Among HT patients, NSAID therapy (selective or not) is associated with a higher level of SBP than in those without such medication. However, patients treated exclusively with Ibuprofen show similar levels of SBP than without NSAID treatment. Frequency of ischemic disease was significantly higher in the group treated with COX-2 inhibitors than in the non-selective NSAID treated group or in patients without NSAID treatment

Effect of antibodies on the expression of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein gene.

Antibodies are known to play an important role in the control of malaria infection. However, they can modulate parasite development enhancing infection. The effect of anti-Plasmodium antibodies on the expression of circumsporozoite protein gene (csp) was investigated. Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 in vitro cultures were submitted to: i) anti- circumsporozoite protein monoclonal antibody (anti-CSP-mAb) [1microg/ml, 0.1microg/ml, 0.01microg/ml and 0.001microg/ml] and ii) purified IgG Fab fragment from a pool of malaria patients [1mg/ml and 1microg/ml]; and compared to control cultures. After 24h the number of ring infected erythrocytes was determined in order to calculate invasion efficacy. At 48h culture supernatant was collected, and the amount of circumsporozoite protein determined by ELISA, parasitaemia was calculated and cells were processed for RNA preparation. Expression of csp gene was quantified using Real time RT-PCR. There was an increase in parasite growth when treated with lower anti-CSP-mAb concentration, which was associated with lower csp expression, while 1mug/ml anti-CSP-mAb treatment presented a growth inhibitory effect accompanied by high csp expression.

[Evaluation of palatability of two special oral diets for institutionalized elderly diabetics, Glucerna SR vs Resource Diabet]. / Estudio de palatabilidad de dos dietas orales especiales para pacientes diabéticos en residencias geriátricas, Glucerna SR vs Resource Diabet.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the organoleptic characteristics of two specific nutritional supplements for diabetes (Glucerna SR and Resource Suport) and compare them. SETTING: An evaluation was made of 456 patients with Type 2 diabetes (most of them receiving OADs or insulin) from 34 centers. They were non-smoking elderly patients (mean age 73 to (71-78) admitted to nursing homes or homes for the aged distributed all over the Spanish territory. INTERVENTIONS: Palatability was studied using a modified wine tasting scale assessing 6 parameters (appearance, smell, body, sweetness, aftertaste and taste) that were scored individually, with a total score ranging from 0 (most unfavorable) to 20 (most favorable). Each brand was evaluated in two flavors (vanilla and strawberry) according to a crossover, double-blind design. RESULTS: A total of 906 evaluable observations were made, and highly statistically significant differences favorable to Glucerna RS were found in all parameters considered both absolutely and relatively, exception for sweetness, for which statistical significance was not reached because it was relatively evaluated. No statistical differences were found between the two flavors (vanilla and strawberry). The only significant confusing factor found was age; the older the age, the more the differences were noted between the two brands. CONCLUSIONS: Glucerna SR has a better flavor than Resource Suport for institutionalized elderly diabetic patients.

Estudio de palatabilidad de dos dietas orales especiales para pacientes diabéticos en residencias geriátricas, Glucerna SR® vs Resource Diabet® / Evaluation of palatability of two special oral diets for institutionalized elderly diabetics, Glucerna SR® vs Resource Diabet®

Objetivos: Evaluar las características organolépticas de dos suplementos nutricionales específicos para diabetes (Glucerna SR® y Resource Diabet®) y compararlos entre sí. Ámbito: Se evaluó a 456 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 (que en su mayoría estaban recibiendo ADO o insulina) en 34 centros. Se trataba de ancianos con una edad media de 73 años (71-78), ingresados en centros asistidos o residencias distribuidas por todo el territorio español y que no eran fumadores. Intervenciones: La palatabilidad se estudió con una escala de cata de vinos modificada que valora 6 parámetros (apariencia, aroma, cuerpo, dulzura, regusto y sabor), que se puntuaban individualmente, siendo la puntuación total de 0 (la más desfavorable) a 20 (la más favorable). Cada producto se evaluó con dos sabores (vainilla y fresa) mediante un control en paralelo con triple enmascaramiento. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 906 observaciones válidas, encontrándose unas diferencias estadísticamente significativas a favor de Glucerna SR® en todos los parámetros considerados tanto de forma absoluta como relativa a excepción del dulzor que al evaluarlo de forma relativa no alcanza la significación estadística. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre los dos sabores (vainilla y fresa). El único factor de confusión que ha resultado significativo es la edad, de modo que a más edad se aprecia más las diferencias entre las dos marcas. Conclusiones: Glucerna SR® presenta un mejor sabor que Resource Diabet® para los diabéticos ancianos institucionalizados (AU)

Objectives: To evaluate the organoleptic characteristcs of two specific nutritional supplements for diabetes (Glucerna SR® and Resource Suport®) and compare them. Setting: An evaluation was made of 456 patients with Type 2 diabetes (most of them receiving OADs or insulin) from 34 centers. They were non-smoking elderly patients (mean age 73 to (71-78) admitted to nursing homes or homes for the aged distributed all over the Spanish territory. Interventions: Palatability was studied using a modified wine tasting scale assessing 6 parameters (appearance, smell, body, sweetness, aftertaste and taste) that were scored individually, with a total score ranging from 0 (most unfavorable) to 20 (most favorable). Each brand was evaluated in two flavors (vanilla and strawberry) according to a crossover, double-blind design. Results: A total of 906 evaluable observations were made, and highly statistically significant differences favorable to Glucerna RS® were found in all parameters considered both absolutely and relatively, exception for sweetness, for which statistical significance was not reached because it was relatively evaluated. No statistical differences were found between the two flavors (vanilla and strawberry). The only significant confusing factor found was age; the older the age, the more the differences were noted between the two brands. Conclusions: Glucerna SR® has a better flavor than Resource Suport® for institutionalized elderly diabetic patients (AU)

Conventional stepwise vs. vital capacity rapid inhalation induction at two concentrations of sevoflurane.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A multicentre study was conducted to compare three methods of inhalation induction with sevoflurane in adult premedicated patients. METHODS: One-hundred-and-twenty-five adult patients of ASA I-II were scheduled for short elective surgical procedures (< 90 min) under general anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation of the lungs via a laryngeal mask airway. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: conventional stepwise inhalation induction group (Group C) or vital capacity rapid inhalation induction groups at 4.5% (Group VC4.5) or at 8% sevoflurane (Group VC8). Before anaesthetic induction, fentanyl 1 micro kg(-1) was given and the face mask applied with the anaesthetic breathing system primed with sevoflurane 4.5% or 8% in the respective vital capacity groups. Loss of eyelash reflex, time to cessation of finger tapping, laryngeal mask insertion, side-effects and adequacy of induction were recorded. RESULTS: The time to loss of eyelash reflex was significantly shorter in both vital capacity groups vs. the control group: VC8: 68 +/- 7 s; and VC4.5: 94 +/- 6.5 s vs. C: 118 +/- 6.4s (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were found in all pairwise comparisons for time to cessation of tapping: Group VC8 (62 +/- 7 s), Group VC4.5 (85 +/- 6 s) and Group C (116 +/- 6 s; P < 0.0001). The time to laryngeal mask insertion was significantly shorter in the Group VC8 (176 +/- 13 s) compared with the other two groups, Group VC4.5 (219 +/- 13 s) and Group C (216 +/- 9 s). There were no significant differences in the incidence of side-effects between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane with the three techniques tested is safe, reliable and well accepted by the patients. The vital capacity rapid inhalation group primed with sevoflurane 8% was the fastest method with no relevant side-effects.

Encuesta sobre la valoración de distintas pautas de administración de fórmulas infantiles especiales y su efectividad clínica / Survey to evaluate special infant formula regimens anf their clinical efficacy

Objetivo: Conocer la evaluación de diferentes pautas de administración de fórmulas infantiles especiales por parte de prescriptores y consumidores. Métodos: Participaron en la encuesta 377 pediatras españoles, que recogieron datos de 1.488 pacientes. Se incluyó a niños de más de 1 mes de edad, que necesitaban fórmulas especiales. Se realizó una visita basal y dos de control. Se emplearon modelos de regresión logística para analizar la asociación entre el tipo de fórmula y las variables clínicas, y el test X2 para analizar diferencias por sexos. Resultados: Se prescribieron 3 tipos diferentes de fórmulas: fórmula sin lactosa (FSL) (57,4%), fórmula de soja (FS) (13,2%) y fórmula hidrolizada (FH) (29,4%). Sólo el uso de una FSL se asoció de manera significativa con una mayor edad del niño. La FSL se usó, principalmente, en niños con diarrea aguda e intolerancia a la lactosa. La FS se utilizó, de manera principal, en caso de eccema, asma e intolerancia a la leche de vaca (ILV). Finalmente, la FH se empleó en niños con cólicos, eccema, bronquiolitis recurrente, asma, ILV y malabsorción. La FSL fue considerada como la más efectiva por los encuestados y la mejor aceptada por los niños, presentando en ambos casos diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: Las fórmulas especiales infantiles se mostraron efectivas, especialmente la FSL, que mostró la tasa de efectividad más elevada de las analizadas y fue, asimismo, la mejor aceptada por los niños. Las indicaciones de las tres fórmulas fueron las esperadas (AU)

Objective: To determine the opinion of pediatricians and consumers concerning different regimens of several special infant formulas. Methods: The survey was distributed among 377 Spanish pediatricians, who gathered data on 1,488 infants over 1 month of age of both sexes who required special formulas. Data from a baseline and two follow-up visits were recorded. Logistic regression models were used to analyze differences according to gender. Results. The three types of formulas used were lactose-free (LF) (57.4%), soy-bean (SB) (13.2%) and hydrolyzed formula (HF) (29.4%). Only LF formula was significantly associated with older infant age. LF formula was used mainly in cases of acute diarrhea or lactose intolerance. SB formula was prescribed in case of eczema, asthma or cow-milk intolerance (CMI). HF was used for colicky infants and those with eczema, recurrent bronchiolitis, asthma, CMI or malabsorption. LF formula was considered that most effective by the responders and was the formula best accepted by children; the differences were statistically significant in both cases. Conclusions. Special infant formulas were effective, especially LF formula which, of the three analyzed, showed the highest rate of effectiveness and of acceptance by children. The indications for the three formulas were those expected (AU)

Detection of atovaquone and Malarone resistance conferring mutations in Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b gene (cytb).

Clinical treatment failures of the hydroxynaphthoquinone atovaquone or its combination with proguanil (Malarone) in Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been recently documented. These events have been associated to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the parasite cytochrome b gene (cytb). In this report we describe a set of nest PCR-RFLP methods developed for the fast detection of all known cytb mutations associated to resistance to these drugs. The methods were successfully applied for the analysis of phenol-chloroform extracted DNA samples from patients not cured by Malarone, and from an established parasite clone. Further, the protocol for the detection of the A803C mutation was applied to 164 DNA field samples extracted through crude methanol-based protocols, originated from several malaria settings. The PCR-RFLP methods here presented can be used as a valuable for the clinical detection and study of Malarone and atovaquone P. falciparum resistance.