RESUMEN
The benefits of homework on student learning and academic achievement, to a large extent, depend on the degree of student engagement. Motivational engagement (my intention or why I do the homework), cognitive engagement (how I get involved in homework), and behavioral engagement (how much homework I do, how much time I devote to it, how I manage that time) are key aspects that condition the quality of the process of doing homework, learning, and academic achievement. Prior academic achievement is one of the variables that seems to be positively related to student engagement (both due its motivational component and to the training to do homework). The main purpose of this work was to study in detail this relationship in students of the last stage of Primary Education (N = 516). The results showed that (i) as achievement levels rise, the use of a shallow focus to doing homework decreases (and the use of a deep approach increases); (ii) there is also a progressive increase in the amount of homework done and in the management of the time dedicated to homework. On another hand, as in previous research, (iii) no relationship was observed between the levels of prior achievement and the amount of time spent doing homework.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) has recently been proposed as a prognostic factor for gastric carcinoma. However and to the best of our knowledge, no previous report has analyzed CDX2 expression in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study to analyze the potential role of CDX2 expression to predict response to NAT and prognosis. This study has enrolled 57 patients receiving chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric carcinoma. RESULTS: 59.6% of the patients were men; mean age was 64.96 years. Only 8% of the patients showed a complete response to therapy, 10% had grade 1, 28% grade 2, and 54% grade 3 regression, respectively, according to modified Ryan's criteria. On follow-up, 38.6% of the patients showed recurrence of disease (50% distant metastasis) and 28.1% eventually died of it. Twenty-three (40.4%) patients showed intense CDX2 expression. We found a statistically significant association between CDX2 expression and poor regression with NAT, but we found no association with outcome. DISCUSSION: Our study indicates that CDX2 expression can predict lack of response to NAT. Our results have not confirmed the association with prognosis shown in previous reports. CONCLUSIONS: Despite these preliminary results, furthermore studies are necessary to define the potential use of CDX2 in gastric carcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Factor de Transcripción CDX2/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Anciano , Factor de Transcripción CDX2/genética , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologíaRESUMEN
Se hace un análisis de contenido de los últimos quince años de Psicothema a partir de los artículos publicados en la revista con contenidos de psicología del desarrollo y de la educación. Tras registrar y codificar los datos, según los criterios previamente elaborados, se extraen tres tipos de variables: de identificación formal o por criterios externos (autores, procedencia, período, etc.), de clasificación por criterios internos o de contenido (origen y tipo de artículo, metodología de investigación, marcos teóricos de referencia y tematización) y ciclo temporal en la publicación de los artículos. Se identifican 171 artículos, sobre un total de 1.134 (15,08%), en los cuales han participado un total de 337 autores de 52 instituciones y universidades diferentes. Se observa un proceso de participación diversificada de autores y procedencias y de asunción de los estándares internacionales. Se discuten los resultados y se propone la búsqueda de metas adecuadas para los próximos años
A content analysis of 15 years of Psicothema is undertaken based on the papers about developmental and educational contents published by the journal. After registering and coding the data according to previously established criteria, three types of variables are obtained: Formal identification or by external criteria (authors, origin, period, etc.); classification by internal criteria or by content (paper source and genre, research methodology, theoretical approach, and topic); and time period for publication. 171 papers are identified, of a total of 1134 (15,08 %), where a total of 337 authors from 52 differents institutions and universities have participated. We observe an increased process of participation and diversification of author and origins and of assumption of international standards. We discuss the results and propose the searching of appropriate goals for the next years
