Content and tissue expression of Collagen I, Collagen IV, and Laminin in the Extracellular Matrix in Prostate Adenocarcinoma.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common neoplasm in the male population. It is not known why some tumors become more aggressive than others. Although most studies show changes in the expression of cell adhesion molecules and the extracellular matrix correlated with the Gleason score, no study has objectively measured the tissue content of these molecules. This study aims to measure the content and tissue expression of collagen type I and IV and laminin in the extracellular matrix of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and correlate these findings with the Gleason score and clinical characteristics. Forty-one patients who underwent radical prostate surgery at the Urology Department of a reference Hospital in Brazil between January 2015 and December 2020 were studied. The tissue protein content was estimated under light microscopy at a final magnification of 200 × . The mean collagen I score in prostate adenocarcinoma tissue samples was 7.16 ± 1.03 pixels/field. The mean type IV collagen score was 3.44 ± 0.61 pixels/field. The mean laminin score was 5.19 ± 0.79 pixels/field. The total Gleason score was correlated with both collagen and laminin. All the correlations were negative, which shows that the higher the collagen/laminin expression was, the lower the total Gleason score (p-value < 0,05). According to the Pearson correlation analysis, age has no statistical relationship with collagen and laminin content. PSA, in turn, showed a correlation only with laminin, but r = -0.378 (p = 0.015). Among the associated diseases and lifestyle habits, there is only statistical significance in the comparison of alcoholism for collagen I. For collagen IV and laminin, no statistical significance was obtained with the clinical variables analyzed.

Soft Sensors in the Primary Aluminum Production Process Based on Neural Networks Using Clustering Methods.

Primary aluminum production is an uninterrupted and complex process that must operate in a closed loop, hindering possibilities for experiments to improve production. In this sense, it is important to have ways to simulate this process computationally without acting directly on the plant, since such direct intervention could be dangerous, expensive, and time-consuming. This problem is addressed in this paper by combining real data, the artificial neural network technique, and clustering methods to create soft sensors to estimate the temperature, the aluminum fluoride percentage in the electrolytic bath, and the level of metal of aluminum reduction cells (pots). An innovative strategy is used to split the entire dataset by section and lifespan of pots with automatic clustering for soft sensors. The soft sensors created by this methodology have small estimation mean squared error with high generalization power. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach to soft sensors in the aluminum industry that may improve process control and save resources.

Adenocarcinoma de próstata: análise de 49 casos / Prostatic adenocarcinoma: analysis of 49 cases

O adenocarcinoma de próstata é o câncer mais comum no homem, na atualidade. Os autores propöem avaliar retrospectivamente o comprometimento desta neoplasia em 49 pacientes admitidos no Hospital Universitário Säo Francisco. Analisam e comparam diversos parâmetros pertinentes, tais como apresentaçäo clínica inicial, diagnóstico, estadiamento e tratamento. O período de seguimento variou de um a 48 meses. Concluem que o diagnóstico precoce é fator primordial no tratamento curativo da patologia, e este deve compreender o toque retal e o PSA (antígeno prost tico específico). Nos estádios mais avançados o bloqueio hormonal (androgênico) ainda permanece como tratamento padräo.

Reconstruçäo uretral utilizando enxerto substitutivo para a estenose da uretra anterior / Urethral reconstruction using substitutive graft to anterior urethra stricture

Foi utilizada uma abordagem peniana-transperineal para reparar as estenoses da uretra anterior com mais de 3cm de comprimento em oito pacientes nos quais a terapêutica endoscópica foi falha. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a substituiçao uretral com enxerto de pele total de prepúcio. A recidiva da estenose ocorreu em um paciente, sendo tratada através da uretrotomia, com índices de sucesso de 87,5 por cento. O seguimento abrange de um a três anos.

Ruptura e permanencia do fio guia na cirurgia percutânea / Breakeage and permanency of guide wire in the percutaneous surgery

Goodwine e colaboradores descreveram em 1955 a nefrostomia percutanea como via de drenagem do sistema pielocalicial e ureter superior.Em 1976, Fernstrom e Johansson descreveram a nefrolitotomia percutanea (NLP) como metodo alternativo cirurgia litiasica aberta do rim e ureter superior para calculos cujos diametros nao superassem 15 mm. Com o desenvolvimento desta nova tecnica surgia um nova subespecialidade, a endourologia, representando um futuro muito promissor e onde uma consideravel quantidade de cirurgias urologicas pendia, obrigando o urologista a adaptar-se a este novo procedimento. Conduto, quase que simultaneamente ao desenvolvimento da NLP, Brendel iniciou a desintegracao incruenta do calculo renal mediante a tecnica difundida como litotripsia extracorporea por ondas de choque (LECO).A experiencia e o sucesso obtidos com a LECO arrefeceu muito os animos e o interesse pela NLP, fato este inimaginavel pouquissimo tempo anteriormente. Hoje em dia, embora a NLP seja utilizada em casos muito selecionados, nao deve deixar de fazer parte do aprendizado e exercicio tecnico profissional do urologista. Este trabalho tenciona apresentar uma complicacao inusitada no procedimento endourologico com evolucao satisfatoria. Na presente revisao, nao foi encontrada descricao similar na literatura.

Cisto multilocular (nefroma cistico multilocular)renal. Relato de dois casos e revisao da literatura / Multilocular cyst (multilocular cystic nephroma) of the kidney. Report of two cases and review of the literature

Os autores descrevem dois casos raros de nefroma cistico multilocular em duas pacientes de 57 e 65 anos, respectivamente. Concluem o artigo fazendo uma ampla revisao da literatura sobre esta patologia incomum