Fatty Acid Incorporation in the Muscle, Oxidative Markers, Lipid Peroxidation and PPAR-α and SREBP-2 Expression of Zebrafish Fed Linseed Oil and Clove Leaf Essential Oil.

The objective of this study is to assess, in zebrafish, the effects of combining linseed oil (LO) and clove leaf essential oil (CLEO) on the incorporation of fatty acids in the muscle, oxidative markers, lipid peroxidation and expression of the PPAR-α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α) and the SREBP-2 (Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-2) genes. Six diets were prepared, containing combinations of LO (3, 6 and 9%) and CLEO (0.5 and 1%): 3% LO + 0.5% CLEO; 3% LO + 1% CLEO; 6% LO + 0.5% CLEO; 6% LO + 1% CLEO; 9% LO + 0.5% CLEO; 9% LO + 1% CLEO. Results showed increase in the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids in the muscle concomitantly with the addition of LO and CLEO. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced and the glutathione content had increased. Lipid peroxidation was lower in the treatment with 1% CLEO, regardless of LO content. The expression of the PPAR-α and the SREBP-2 genes was higher in animals fed 9% LO + 0.5% CLEO. Therefore, for a greater incorporation and protection against the oxidative damages of n-3 fatty acids, a combined use of 9% LO with 0.5% CLEO is recommended for zebrafish.

Imbalance of the redox system and quality of tilapia fillets subjected to pre-slaughter stress.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress on the instrumental and sensory quality of Nile tilapia fillets. The experiment was conducted in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, evaluating densities (60 and 300 kg m-3) and depuration times (1 and 24 hours) in a total of four treatments. The serum levels of cortisol and gene expression levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) as well as the pH, color, tenderness, water-holding capacity and sensory analysis of the fillets were evaluated. High density (300 kg m-3) resulted in higher mean cortisol levels, lower expression of CAT and GPx enzymes as well as higher expression of HSP70. Fish under this treatment also exhibited fillets with greater tenderness, higher lightness, lower redness and lower sensory acceptance. The longer depuration time (24 hours) resulted in lower expression of the CAT and GPx enzymes and fillets with higher lightness. The water-holding capacity was not affected by the different treatments. Therefore, low density and longer depuration times are recommended for decreased stress and improved quality of fillets.

Cross-amplification of heterologous microsatellite markers in Piracanjuba / Amplificação cruzada de marcadores microssatélites heterólogos em piracanjuba

ABSTRACT: Brycon orbignyanus, popularly known in Brazil as piracanjuba, is a fish with great economic value but whose natural population drastically decreased in number during the last years. In this context, genetic variability studies of natural stocks and in restocking programs are fundamental for the adoption of conservation measures. Current analysis verifies the cross-amplification of heterologous primers in B. orbignyanus. Fifty-two primers of the species Brycon opalinus, Brycon hilarii, Brycon insignis, Prochilodus sp., Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus were tested. Primers with the best reproducibility were applied to a sample of 20 individuals and the genetic parameters were calculated. Nine primers provided good results for cross-amplification with B. orbignyanus, involving (BoM5 and BoM13) of Brycon opalinus, (Bh5, Bh6, Bh8, Bh13 and Bh16) of Brycon hilarii, (Bc48-10) of Brycon insignis and (Par80) of Prochilodus argenteus. Primers of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus failed to provide amplification or provided non-specificity. Results demonstrated the possibility of using primers of different species and genera of B. orbignyanus, facilitating genetic studies on the species.

RESUMO: A piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) é um peixe de grande valor econômico que nos últimos anos tem apresentado uma redução drástica em suas populações naturais. Nesse contexto, estudos de variabilidade genética dos estoques naturais e nos programas de repovoamento são fundamentais para adoção de medidas conservacionistas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a amplificação cruzada de primers heterologos em B. orbignyanus. Foram avaliados um total de 52 primers das espécies Brycon opalinus, Brycon hilarii, Brycon insignis, Prochilodus sp., Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum e Oreochromis niloticus. Os primers com melhor reprodutibilidade foram aplicados a uma amostra de 20 indivíduos e os parâmetros genéticos foram calculados. Nove primers apresentaram resultados satisfatórios de amplificação cruzada com B. orbignyanus, sendo das espécies Brycon opalinus (BoM5 e BoM13), Brycon hilarii (Bh5, Bh6, Bh8, Bh13 e Bh16), Brycon insignis (Bc48-10) e Prochilodus argenteus (Par80). Os primers de Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum e Oreochromis niloticus não apresentaram amplificação ou apresentaram inespecificidade. Os resultados revelaram a possibilidade da utilização de primers de diferentes espécies e gênero em B. orbignyanus, o que facilita a realização de estudos genéticos nessa espécie.

Effect of different periods of pre-slaughter stress on the quality of the Nile tilapia meat

Abstract The study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of pre-slaughter stress on meat quality of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) for 10 days of storage in ice. 75 whole fish were used eviscerated, with average weight and length of 825.75 ± 101.59 g and 28.25 ± 0.81 cm, respectively. The treatments consisted of time in which the animals underwent pre-slaughter hypoxia, being 0, 3 and 6 minutes. Rigor mortis and muscle pH were assessed besides the application of the Quality Index Method and analysis of total protein and blood glucose. Rigor mortis did not differ among treatments during the storage period, and after three hours all animals were in rigor stage. The muscle pH values varied widely during the study period, observing higher values on the third day of storage. Sensory analysis showed that after 10 days the tilapia from the different treatments did not differ in the evaluated quality parameters similarly, there was no difference regarding the evaluated blood biochemical parameters Thus, hypoxia of 6 minutes pre-slaughter does not influence the rigor mortis, muscle pH, qualitative perception of the meat quality, total protein and blood glucose of Nile tilapia.

Natural and artificial spawning strategies with fresh and cryopreserved semen in Rhamdia quelen: Reproductive parameters and genetic variability of offspring.

This study evaluated the reproductive parameters and genetic variability of offspring of Rhamdia quelen from mating by natural spawning and by controlled fertilization with fresh and cryopreserved semen. After hormonal manipulation, three R quelen pairs were used for natural spawning in high-flow tanks, three pairs were used for mating with fresh semen, and another three pairs were used with cryopreserved semen. Matings were performed in triplicate. For matings with fresh and cryopreserved semen, semen from each male was used to individually fertilize oocytes from each female. Pools of semen and oocytes were made, and aliquots of these gametes were taken for fertilization. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected for absolute or relative fecundity, fertilization rate, or egg hatching rate. The use of fresh semen led to a higher (P < 0.01) percentage of normal larvae. The use of fresh semen in pooled mating resulted in a greater effective number of alleles and a higher expected heterozygosity. Offspring from natural spawning presented higher observed heterozygosity and a lower inbreeding coefficient. The highest inbreeding coefficient was found in offspring from individual matings using fresh semen. Regarding paternal contributions, a single male dominated in matings with fresh semen, whereas two males dominated in natural spawning and matings using cryopreserved semen. The use of gamete pools for mating and natural spawning resulted in higher genetic variability of offspring, and mating using cryopreserved semen found no effects on genetic variability of offspring but did reduce the percentage of normal larvae. Other reproductive parameters were not influenced by spawning strategies.