COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult: the first death in Brazil.

The precise pathogenesis of COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome remains largely elusive, despite its rarity. The syndrome symptoms often overlap with those of other infections, posing challenges for prompt diagnosis. A male patient, 34 years old, was admitted with suspicion of severe dengue, rapidly progressing to multiple organ dysfunction. Dengue tests resulted negative, and he passed away after four days. This case occurred approximately four weeks after the initial onset of COVID-19 and met all diagnostic criteria as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This report presents the first documented case of fatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult (MIS-A) in Brazil. Recognizing the significance of suspecting this syndrome and promptly initiating treatment at an early stage are essential for minimizing damage and mortality.

COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult: the first death in Brazil

ABSTRACT The precise pathogenesis of COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome remains largely elusive, despite its rarity. The syndrome symptoms often overlap with those of other infections, posing challenges for prompt diagnosis. A male patient, 34 years old, was admitted with suspicion of severe dengue, rapidly progressing to multiple organ dysfunction. Dengue tests resulted negative, and he passed away after four days. This case occurred approximately four weeks after the initial onset of COVID-19 and met all diagnostic criteria as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This report presents the first documented case of fatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult (MIS-A) in Brazil. Recognizing the significance of suspecting this syndrome and promptly initiating treatment at an early stage are essential for minimizing damage and mortality.

Hospitalizations for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Brazil: a parallel with vaccination.

This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 hospitalizations in a tertiary hospital by age group and month, considering the introduction and the advance of the vaccination against the disease. The laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among people aged 20 years or older, that occurred between March 2020 and June 2021, were distributed by month of symptom onset and age group. The proportion of hospitalizations by age group was calculated for the year 2021. The proportions were compared using the chi-square test for trends. The marks of vaccination advances among different age groups were taken from the official website LocalizaSUS. In 2020, hospitalizations among people aged 60-80 years old were the most frequent (39.1%). From January-June 2021, when the vaccination commenced, while hospitalizations of patients aged 20 to < 40 and 40 to 60 years old showed an increasing trend, the older age groups and those with vaccination recommendations (from 60 to < 80 and from 80 or over) showed a downward trend. As of June 2021, with widespread vaccination, a drop in hospitalizations was observed in > 60 years old. At 20 to <40 and 40 to < 60, an increase in hospitalizations was observed. It demonstrates the important role of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hospitalizations for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Brazil: a parallel with vaccination

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 hospitalizations in a tertiary hospital by age group and month, considering the introduction and the advance of the vaccination against the disease. The laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among people aged 20 years or older, that occurred between March 2020 and June 2021, were distributed by month of symptom onset and age group. The proportion of hospitalizations by age group was calculated for the year 2021. The proportions were compared using the chi-square test for trends. The marks of vaccination advances among different age groups were taken from the official website LocalizaSUS. In 2020, hospitalizations among people aged 60-80 years old were the most frequent (39.1%). From January-June 2021, when the vaccination commenced, while hospitalizations of patients aged 20 to < 40 and 40 to 60 years old showed an increasing trend, the older age groups and those with vaccination recommendations (from 60 to < 80 and from 80 or over) showed a downward trend. As of June 2021, with widespread vaccination, a drop in hospitalizations was observed in > 60 years old. At 20 to <40 and 40 to < 60, an increase in hospitalizations was observed. It demonstrates the important role of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

Molecular diagnosis of symptomatic toxoplasmosis: a 9-year retrospective and prospective study in a referral laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil

ABSTRACT Symptomatic forms of toxoplasmosis are a serious public health problem and occur in around 10-20% of the infected people. Aiming to improve the molecular diagnosis of symptomatic toxoplasmosis in Brazilian patients, this study evaluated the performance of real time PCR testing two primer sets (B1 and REP-529) in detecting Toxoplasma gondii DNA. The methodology was assayed in 807 clinical samples with known clinical diagnosis, ELISA, and conventional PCR results in a 9-year period. All samples were from patients with clinical suspicion of several features of toxoplasmosis. According to the minimum detection limit curve (in CT), REP-529 had greater sensitivity to detect T. gondii DNA than B1. Both primer sets were retrospectively evaluated using 515 DNA from different clinical samples. The 122 patients without toxoplasmosis provided high specificity (REP-529, 99.2% and B1, 100%). From the 393 samples with positive ELISA, 146 had clinical diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and positive conventional PCR. REP-529 and B1 sensitivities were 95.9% and 83.6%, respectively. Comparison of REP-529 and B1 performances was further analyzed prospectively in 292 samples. Thus, from a total of 807 DNA analyzed, 217 (26.89%) had positive PCR with, at least one primer set and symptomatic toxoplasmosis confirmed by clinical diagnosis. REP-529 was positive in 97.23%, whereas B1 amplified only 78.80%. After comparing several samples in a Brazilian referral laboratory, this study concluded that REP-529 primer set had better performance than B1 one. These observations were based after using cases with defined clinical diagnosis, ELISA, and conventional PCR.

Investigação de casos de varicela no Hospital Universitário da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (SP), 2005 / Varicella investigation in the academial hospital of São José do Rio Preto College of Medicine (SP) 2005

A varicela é uma doença infectocontagiosa altamente transmissível causada pelo vírus varicela-zoster. Assume maior importância quando acomete imunodeprimidos e pacientes internados, que podem desenvolver doença grave ou fatal. Em agosto de 2005, um hospital universitário de grande porte de São José do Rio Preto (SP) notificou um provável surto de varicela intra-hospitalar com três óbitos. O objetivo dessa investigação foi conhecer a real magnitude da varicela nesse hospital, confirmar um possível surto intra-hospitalar e estabelecer medidas de controle. As fontes de informação foram: busca ativa de prontuários, entrevistas de funcionários, contato com pacientes após a alta e investigação das unidades de emergência por onde passaram os casos de varicela. Após extensa investigação das fontes de infecção de 31 casos no período de 2 de julho até 8 de outubro de 2005, evidenciou-se a transmissão intra-hospitalar da doença, acometendo quatro pacientes e oito funcionários. Tal fato pode ter sido um reflexo do aumento de casos da doença na comunidade, aliado a uma alta taxa de suscetíveis entre os profissionais de saúde. A partir da detecção dos primeiros casos, diversas medidas foram desencadeadas: notificação e investigação oportuna de novos casos, vacinação contra a varicela ou imunoglobulina, quando indicada, reforço às normas de isolamento, afastamento dos funcionários infectados, divulgação ampla do surto aos profissionais de saúde e integração entre as equipes hospitalares, municipais, regionais e estaduais. Tais medidas viabilizaram o controle da transmissão da varicela num hospital de referência regional.