Impact of the Chronic Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in Hemiparkinsonism Model Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in Rats.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The neuronal degeneration may result from the convergence of a number of different pathogenic factors, including apoptosis, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Many studies emphasize the importance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in vital processes such as maintenance of the properties of cell membranes and the participation in signal transduction and biodynamic activity of neuronal membranes. In this study, the protective effect of ω-3 PUFA administration on the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of PD in rats was investigated. ω-3 PUFA (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg) was orally administered by gavage during 28 consecutive days to male Wistar rats. On the 4th day, hemiparkinsonism was induced through intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA. On the 25th day, the animals were submitted to behavioural analysis. On the 28th day, after euthanasia, the brain areas were collected for neurochemical evaluation. ω-3 PUFAs (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg) restored monoamine and amino acid levels on the striatum from hemiparkinsonian rats, followed by reduction in the number of apomorphine-induced rotations and promotion of a partial locomotor recovery. In addition, ω-3 PUFAs (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg) decreased the lipid peroxidation levels and nitrite levels in the brain areas from hemiparkinsonian rats. Thus, this study suggests that supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs prevents behavioural and neurochemical disturbances induced by 6-OHDA, presenting a potential neuroprotective action.

Sexual dysfunction predicts depression among women on hemodialysis.

PURPOSE: Depression is common in patients on hemodialysis (HD), and its treatment fails in many cases. Among women on HD, sexual dysfunction (SD) can be an underestimated cause of depression and an impending factor for successful therapy. We aimed to evaluate the association between SD and depression among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) women undergoing HD and to test SD as an independent predictor of depression. METHODS: We studied 55 ESRD women undergoing HD from a single renal unit. We compared sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data and presence of SD between depressed and non-depressed participants, and tested SD as an independent predictor of depression. Demographic data, time on dialysis, underlying etiology of ESRD and laboratory results were assessed in renal unit records. Classification of economic class was according to the criteria of the Brazilian Association of Research Institutes. Each participant was assigned a low-, medium- or high-risk index based on comorbidity. Depression was classified by the 20-Item Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale using a score ≥18 to classify depression. The Female Sexual Function Index was used to evaluate sexual function considering a cutoff of 26 to classify SD. RESULTS: Thirty-three (56.8 %) women were depressive and 46 (79.3 %) women presented SD. Depressed an non-depressed women did not differ in sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory results, but the prevalence of SD among depressed patients was higher compared to non-depressed women, respectively, 90.1 versus 64 % (p = 0.029). SD was an independent predictor of depression (OR = 5.62; CI 95 % 1.33-23.7; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: SD must be discarded among women on HD classified as depressive. Treatment of depression among women with SD should include a specific approach to SD.

Quality of life among women with sexual dysfunction undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional observational study.

BACKGROUND: Sexual function among women undergoing hemodialysis (HD) is under-studied and there is no consensus about the effect of sexual dysfunction (SD) on their quality of life (QoL). We aimed to determine the prevalence of SD and to compare QoL between women undergoing maintenance HD with and without SD. METHODS: We included female end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing HD during June 2011 in the only renal unit in the north of Ceará state, northeastern Brazil. The criteria for inclusion were age between 18 and 55, at least three months on dialysis and being sexually active. Women using antidepressant medication were excluded. We used the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), which evaluates six domains of sexual function, including desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain. The patients were classified as presenting SD if the total FSFI score was less than 26. For QoL evaluation, we used the validated Brazilian version of SF-36. This is a widely used 36-item questionnaire covering eight dimensions of QoL. Demographic data, time on dialysis, underlying etiology of ESRD, and laboratory measures were assessed in unit records. RESULTS: Of a total of 58 women, 46 (79.3%) presented SD. There were lower scores related to physical functioning (48.2 vs. 71.2; p = 0.007), bodily pain (45 vs. 67.5; p = 0.010), vitality (52.1 vs. 69.1; p = 0.026) and social functioning (57.2 vs. 76.1; p = 0.034) among women with SD compared to women without SD. Physical functioning and role-physical presented positive linear correlation with FSFI scores, respectively, r = 0.322 (p = 0.013) and r = 0.345 (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SD among women on HD is very high, reaching nearly 80%. Women on HD with SD had worse QoL, especially physical aspects of QoL, when compared to women without SD. Therefore, approaches aiming to improve QoL among women undergoing HD should be considered.