Trastornos cognitivos en el traumatismo craneoencefálico: déficit mnésicos / Cognitive disorders in cranioencephalic traumatism: mnesic deficits

Este artículo presenta y discute los métodos de reeducación de los déficit adquiridos de la memoria después de un traumatismo craneoencefálico. Los diferentes métodos de reeducación son presentados en función del objetivo terapéutico: reestablecimiento de la función, facilitación o reorganización del funcionamiento mnésico, o incluso aquellas técnicas que se basan en la optimización de las capacidades mnésicas preservadas o las que conllevan el uso de prótesis internas o externas. Se presenta cada uno de estos métodos y se discute su aplicación. Se subraya la necesidad previa a todo tratamiento del análisis teórico minucioso del déficit mnésico así como el análisis funcional de aquellas dificultades que presenta el paciente en el desarrollo de sus actividades cotidianas. Finalmente, se advierte de la ineficacia de los métodos tradicionales que recomiendan el uso intensivo de ejercicios repetidos (AU)

[Changes in the rheologic properties of various samples of blood preserved at +4 degrees C]. / Evolution des propriétés rhéologiques de différents types de sangs conservés à +4 degr'es C.

Apparent stationary viscosity, viscoelasticity and thixotropy measured with a Couette viscosimeter have been determined on blood samples stored in eight anticoagulant and/or preservative solutions. All the results as well as those obtained in a previous morphological study show clearly the advantages of the SAG or PAGGS storage processes. It is observed that the rheological parameters of RBC stored in protein poor media are, between the 30 th and 35 th days, identical on CPD at the first week and with that measured in CPD concentrates between second and third week (for a same hematocrit value). We want to emphasize that the erythrocytes stored in these new media retain for a long time their ability to circulate in the capillary system.

[Comparative morphological study of erythrocytes in various types of whole blood and packed cell preparations stored in liquid state]. / Etudes morphologiques comparatives des érythrocytes dans différents types de sangs totaux et de concentrés conservés à l'état liquide.

Morphological comparative study observed by scanning electron microscopy have been made on three blood stored in PVC plastic bags at 4 degrees C: 1. Whole blood in CPD, CPD-A,D (CPD added with 0,4 mM adenine and enriched with glucose 1,5 time the normal concentration) and ACD-Ad,Gua (ACD with 0,5 mM adenine and 0,5 mM guanosine); 2. Red blood cells obtained by centrifugation from blood collected in CPD, CPD-A,D and ACD-Ad, Gua; 3. Red blood cells from blood collected in CPD or ACD and resuspended in balanced, nutritious and enriched media: SAG (Saline, Adenine, Glucose) or PAGGS (Phosphate, Adenine, Guanosine, Glucose, Saline) (CPD/SAG, ACD and CPD/PAGGS). The results of statistical analysis show that the addition of adenine and guanosine in the preservative solutions improves the morphological quality of erythrocytes. On this view the resuspended media are the least traumatic. For example, in the concentrates CPD/PAGGS the level of normal or practically shape cells (discocytes and echinocytes I) nears 70 p. cent at the 6th week of storage. Thus the PAGGS system appears superior to SAG system.