The relationship between thorax computed tomography findings and prognosis in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between thorax computed tomography (CT) findings at the time of admission and prognosis using a semiquantitative CT severity scoring system in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who tested positive for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 305 patients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR and underwent thorax CT at the time of admission, were included in the study between March and July 2020. The demographic data of the patients, their presenting complaints at the time of admission, RT-PCR results, and thorax CT images were scanned retrospectively from electronic medical records. Lesions on thorax CT were evaluated for the presence of ground glass opacity, consolidation, and septal thickening and scoring. RESULTS: No significant relationship was found between mortality and CT score or other parameters. A significant relationship was found between admission to the intensive care unit and CT scoring (p=0.014), aortic diameter (p=0.032), chronic pulmonary disease (p=0.004), halo sign (p=0.031), mortality (p<0.001), fever (p=0.038), and dyspnea (p=0.031). A statistically significant difference was detected in the score parameter between discharged patients and intensive care unit patients who survived and those who died (p<0.001). In the parameter of the number of lobes, a statistically significant difference was found only between discharged patients and intensive care unit patients who survived (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Thorax CT is an advisor for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment of the disease. Semiquantitative CT severity scoring can provide valuable information about the prognosis of the patient.

The interaction of chia mucilage-based edible film and transglutaminase enzyme on spent hen meat nuggets.

1. The aim of this study was to utilise low-value spent hen meat and investigate the possibility of using chia (Salvia hispanica L.) as a mucilage-based edible film to prevent loss of quality in meat products. For this purpose, spent hen meat was reconstructed with the addition of transglutaminase (TGase) at different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) and used to produce nuggets. These were covered with chia mucilage-based film and kept at 4°C for 7 d.2. The addition of transglutaminase and coating with film decreased meat pH (P < 0.01). Samples containing transglutaminase had higher thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value (P < 0.01), while the DPPH value of the samples was not affected by the transglutaminase and edible film (P > 0.05). Hence, mucilage-based edible film did not prevent or delay the oxidation of nuggets.3. Transglutaminase improved the texture characteristics of the nuggets and the edible film reduced fat retention in the samples. The combined use of transglutaminase and film decreased cooking loss and increased water holding capacity (P < 0.01). In the sensory analysis, nuggets with transglutaminase and film had more overall acceptability scores, although the results were not statistically significant.

Beta Elemene induces cytotoxic effects in FLT3 ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia by modulating apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: ß-Elemene, a sesquiterpene with a broad anti-cancer spectrum, is particularly effective against drug-resistant and complex tumors. It can also be efficient against FLT3-expressed acute myeloid leukemia. This research aims to determine whether ß-Elemene has cytotoxic effects on FLT3 ITD-mutated AML cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytotoxicity, cell morphology, mRNA analysis with apoptotic markers, and analysis of 43 distinct protein markers related to cell death, survival, and resistance were all performed to elucidate its mechanism. Additionally, in order to understand how ß-Elemene and FLT3 interact, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and computational ADME investigations were performed. RESULTS: ß-Elemene exhibited cytotoxic activity against FLT3-mutated MV4-11 and FLT3 wild-type THP-1 cells, with an IC50 of around 25 µg/ml. The molecular studies revealed that ß-Elemene inhibited cell proliferation by inducing p53, and the involvement of p21, p27, HTRA, and HSPs were also demonstrated. The interactive inhibition in proliferation was confirmed via molecular docking and dynamics analyses. ß-Elemene occupied the FLT3 enzymatic pocket with good stability at the FLT3 active site. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded from our observations that ß-Elemene causes cell death in ITD mutant AML cells, together with the effects of stress factors and inhibiting cell division.

In vitro determination of the remineralizing potential and cytotoxicity of non-fluoride dental varnish containing bioactive glass, eggshell, and eggshell membrane.

PURPOSE: This study compares in vitro remineralization potential and cytotoxicity of fluoride-free varnish combinations containing bioactive glass, eggshell, and membrane powder and fluoride varnish formulations on artificial caries lesions. METHODS: Artificial caries lesions were formed in two windows on third molars. One of the windows was coated with one of the following varnish formulations: FV (fluoride varnish), F-BAGV (fluoride and bioactive glass containing varnish), BAGV (bioactive glass containing varnish), EPV (eggshell powder containing varnish), EMP-EPV (eggshell membrane protein and eggshell powder containing varnish), STMP-EMP-EPV (sodium trimetaphosphate-treated eggshell membrane protein and eggshell powder containing varnish). The samples were remineralized, then investigated under scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analyses were performed by X-ray dispersive analysis (EDX). In addition, the traditional colorimetric tetrazolium-based reduction assay (XTT) and the modern impedance-based real-time cell analysis system (RTCA) were used to investigate their cytotoxicity. RESULTS: The varnish applied area's Ca/P ratio was lower than stoichiometric hydroxyapatite except for EPV (1.66) and STMP-EMP-EPV (1.67) groups. Undiluted extracts of all varnishes, 1:2 dilutions of FV and F-BAGV groups were cytotoxic in XTT assay. In RTCA, the normalised cell index of the EMP-EPV and STMP-EMP-EPV groups was higher than the control group. CONCLUSION: Bioactive glass, eggshell, eggshell membrane proteins and STMP-treated eggshell and eggshell membrane protein containing varnish have similar remineralizing effect to fluoride-containing varnish on demineralized enamel. Integrating biological or bioactive components instead of fluoride into the dental varnishes might reduce cytotoxicity.

Effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities and DNA damage in a rat model of experimental obesity / Efeitos de Gundelia tournefortii L. em parâmetros bioquímicos, atividades antioxidantes e danos ao DNA em um modelo de obesidade experimental de rato

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.

Resumo O presente estudo foi desenhado para investigar os efeitos do extrato da planta Gundelia tournefortii L. em diferentes tecidos em termos de danos ao DNA, valores de parâmetros bioquímicos e antioxidantes em ratos com dietas hipercalóricas. Com esse objetivo, ratos Wistar albinos machos foram divididos em 4 grupos contendo 6 ratos cada e o estudo foi concluído ao longo de 12 semanas de duração. No final desse processo de implementação, os ratos foram sacrificados e amostras de sangue e tecido foram obtidas. As análises foram realizadas em amostras de sangue e tecido. De acordo com os resultados para danos ao DNA (8-OHdG), no tecido cerebral o grupo OG2 foi significativamente reduzido em comparação com o grupo NC. Para os resultados de MDA no tecido hepático, os grupos OG1 e OG2 aumentaram significativamente em comparação ao grupo controle, enquanto o grupo OG2 também aumentou significativamente em comparação ao grupo obeso. Quanto aos demais parâmetros, a comparação entre os grupos ligados ao consumo de dieta hipercalórica (DC) e à administração de Gundelia tournefortii L. em termos de atividades antioxidantes e amostras de soro obteve resultados estatisticamente significativos. Os extratos de plantas de Gundelia tournefortii L. tiveram efeitos que podem ser considerados positivos na atividade dos parâmetros antioxidantes e foram especialmente identificados para melhorar os danos ao DNA e os níveis de MDA nos tecidos cerebrais. Além disso, o consumo de extrato vegetal de Gundelia tournefortii L. na dieta pode ter efeitos antiobesidade; portanto, deve ser avaliado para uso como um método eficaz de perda de peso e como um novo agente terapêutico voltado para a obesidade.

Effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities and DNA damage in a rat model of experimental obesity / Efeitos de Gundelia tournefortii L. em parâmetros bioquímicos, atividades antioxidantes e danos ao DNA em um modelo de obesidade experimental de rato

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.

O presente estudo foi desenhado para investigar os efeitos do extrato da planta Gundelia tournefortii L. em diferentes tecidos em termos de danos ao DNA, valores de parâmetros bioquímicos e antioxidantes em ratos com dietas hipercalóricas. Com esse objetivo, ratos Wistar albinos machos foram divididos em 4 grupos contendo 6 ratos cada e o estudo foi concluído ao longo de 12 semanas de duração. No final desse processo de implementação, os ratos foram sacrificados e amostras de sangue e tecido foram obtidas. As análises foram realizadas em amostras de sangue e tecido. De acordo com os resultados para danos ao DNA (8-OHdG), no tecido cerebral o grupo OG2 foi significativamente reduzido em comparação com o grupo NC. Para os resultados de MDA no tecido hepático, os grupos OG1 e OG2 aumentaram significativamente em comparação ao grupo controle, enquanto o grupo OG2 também aumentou significativamente em comparação ao grupo obeso. Quanto aos demais parâmetros, a comparação entre os grupos ligados ao consumo de dieta hipercalórica (DC) e à administração de Gundelia tournefortii L. em termos de atividades antioxidantes e amostras de soro obteve resultados estatisticamente significativos. Os extratos de plantas de Gundelia tournefortii L. tiveram efeitos que podem ser considerados positivos na atividade dos parâmetros antioxidantes e foram especialmente identificados para melhorar os danos ao DNA e os níveis de MDA nos tecidos cerebrais. Além disso, o consumo de extrato vegetal de Gundelia tournefortii L. na dieta pode ter efeitos antiobesidade; portanto, deve ser avaliado para uso como um método eficaz de perda de peso e como um novo agente terapêutico voltado para a obesidade.

Effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities and DNA damage in a rat model of experimental obesity

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.

Resumo O presente estudo foi desenhado para investigar os efeitos do extrato da planta Gundelia tournefortii L. em diferentes tecidos em termos de danos ao DNA, valores de parâmetros bioquímicos e antioxidantes em ratos com dietas hipercalóricas. Com esse objetivo, ratos Wistar albinos machos foram divididos em 4 grupos contendo 6 ratos cada e o estudo foi concluído ao longo de 12 semanas de duração. No final desse processo de implementação, os ratos foram sacrificados e amostras de sangue e tecido foram obtidas. As análises foram realizadas em amostras de sangue e tecido. De acordo com os resultados para danos ao DNA (8-OHdG), no tecido cerebral o grupo OG2 foi significativamente reduzido em comparação com o grupo NC. Para os resultados de MDA no tecido hepático, os grupos OG1 e OG2 aumentaram significativamente em comparação ao grupo controle, enquanto o grupo OG2 também aumentou significativamente em comparação ao grupo obeso. Quanto aos demais parâmetros, a comparação entre os grupos ligados ao consumo de dieta hipercalórica (DC) e à administração de Gundelia tournefortii L. em termos de atividades antioxidantes e amostras de soro obteve resultados estatisticamente significativos. Os extratos de plantas de Gundelia tournefortii L. tiveram efeitos que podem ser considerados positivos na atividade dos parâmetros antioxidantes e foram especialmente identificados para melhorar os danos ao DNA e os níveis de MDA nos tecidos cerebrais. Além disso, o consumo de extrato vegetal de Gundelia tournefortii L. na dieta pode ter efeitos antiobesidade; portanto, deve ser avaliado para uso como um método eficaz de perda de peso e como um novo agente terapêutico voltado para a obesidade.

Risk factors for brachial plexus injury and permanent sequelae due to shoulder dystocia.

Aim: The primary aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of brachial plexus injury in cases of shoulder dystocia. Secondly, it was aimed to determine the factors affecting the occurrence of permanent sequelae in cases with brachial plexus injury. Subjects and Methods: ICD-10 codes were scanned from the records of patients who gave birth between 2012 and 2018, and the records of patients with brachial plexus injury and shoulder dystocia were reached. Shoulder dystocia cases with brachial plexus damage were accepted as the study group, and shoulder dystocia cases without brachial plexus damage were considered the control group. Shoulder dystocia patients with brachial plexus injury and without injury were compared for 2-year orthopedics clinic follow-up reports, surgical intervention, permanent sequelae status as well as birth data, maternal characteristics, and maneuvers applied to the management of shoulder dystocia. Results: Five hundred sixty births with shoulder dystocia were detected. Brachial plexus injury was observed in 88 of them, and permanent sequelae were detected in 12 of these patients. Maneuvers other than McRobert's (advanced maneuvers) were used more and clavicle fracture was seen more in the group with plexus injury (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of brachial plexus injury. Brachial plexus injury was observed 4.746 times more in infants who were delivered with advanced maneuvers and 3.58 times more in infants with clavicle fractures at birth. Conclusion: In patients with shoulder dystocia, the risk of brachial plexus injury increased in deliveries in which advanced maneuvers were used and clavicle fracture occurred.

Synthesis and molecular modelling of thiadizole based hydrazone derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.

Some novel substituted thiazolylhydrazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes and antioxidant activities were investigated. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined using different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. According to the enzyme inhibition results, the synthesized compounds showed selectivity against BuChE enzyme inhibition. Compounds 5e, 5g, 5i and 5j displayed significant BuChE inhibition potencies. Among them, compound 5i was found to be the most effective derivative with an IC50 value of 56.01 ± 0.054 µM. In addition, their antioxidant properties were evaluated in vitro through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. For compounds 5e, 5g, 5i and 5j in silico molecular docking and 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations studies against the BuChE enzyme were performed to determine possible protein-ligand interactions and stability. DFT-D3 study was performed to stabilize of compounds 5e, 5g, 5i and 5j both in gas and solvent medium and investigated their electronic properties. Of all geometries, that of DMSO is the lowest one.

Marination with citric acid, lemon, and grapefruit affects the sensory, textural, and microstructure characteristics of poultry meat.

1. This study aimed to determine the effects of marination liquids prepared with citric acid (CA-0.5%), lemon (LJ-100%) and grapefruit (GJ-100%) juices on the pH, colour (L*, a*, b*, Chroma, hue angle, total colour differences), cooking loss (CL), water holding capacity (WHC) and marinade absorption (MA) of chicken breast meat. Textural, microstructure (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)) and sensory properties were investigated.2. As a result of marination, there was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the CL and pH values and an increase in WHC and MA values of marinated meat. The L*, b* and chroma values of chicken breast meats marinated with all marinades increased significantly (P < 0.01).3. While CLSM showed that LJ gave rise to a partial deterioration in muscle fibres, SEM indicated that LJ had irregular muscle fibres, some fibres were broken and separated from each other. The lowest hardness value was established in the LJ group from texture analysis. In the sensory analysis, marinated samples generally received higher scores from panellists compared with the control.

Investigation of biological activities of plant extract and green synthesis silver nanoparticles obtained from Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) fruits.

In this study, biological activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesized by green synthesis method using the fruit extract of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) plant were investigated. The characterization of the synthesized AgNPs was performed by ultraviolet visible region spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The crystal size was found to be 52.32 nm when the XRD data were calculated with the Debye-Scherrer's equation. The antimicrobial activities of extract and AgNPs were investigated by microdilution and disk diffusion methods. Antibiofilm activities were examined by the crystal violet technique. The cytotoxic effects of the extract and AgNPs against MCF-7(human breast cancer) and HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 valuesfor the HUVEC line were found to be 0.97 mg/mL (AgNP) and 85.24 mg/mL (extract), while the IC50 values for the MCF-7 line were determined as 0.022 µg/mL (AgNP) and 0.021 µg/mL (extract). To our knowledge, this is the first report to comprehensively examine the biological activities of V. opulus L. extract and biosynthetic AgNPs.

Effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities and DNA damage in a rat model of experimental obesity.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.

Asthma control affects school absence, achievement and quality of school life: a multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Asthma may have a detrimental effect on school attendance and achievement. Friend relations, attendance to school activities, quality of life (QOL) of asthmatic children may be negatively affected. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors influencing school functioning for asthmatic school-age children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January to May 2019, parents and school-age children who were followed by a diagnosis of asthma for more than one year, from seven pediatric allergy centers, were given a standard questionnaire including questions about child's disease, school performance, absenteeism, home-family-school conditions. A pediatric QOL questionnaire was filled out by children. For evaluating control in the previous year, children who had more than two exacerbations and/or had any exacerbations needing systemic corticosteroids in the previous year were defined as inadequate control. School absence over nine days was taken into account as this has been shown to bring a risk for successful school life. RESULTS: 507 patients were included. Asthma control status was found to be effective on school absence (p < 0.001), on school success (especially math scores) (p < 0.001), on friend relations (p = 0.033), QOL (p < 0.001), attendance to school activities (p < 0.001). Regular follow-up (p < 0.001), regular use of asthma medication (p = 0.014), tobacco smoke exposure (p < 0.001), heating with stove at home (p = 0.01) affected asthma control. School conditions such as crowdedness (p = 0.044), humidity of the class (p = 0.025), knowledge of teacher about child's asthma (p = 0.012) were effective on asthma control independent of home conditions and asthma treatment parameters. CONCLUSION: School interventions are important to improve asthma management.

Effects of long term oral acrylamide administration on alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase activities in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats.

Acrylamide is an important industrial chemical; it also is formed in starch-rich foodstuffs during baking, frying and roasting. Most acrylamide exposure occurs by ingestion of processed foods. We investigated possible immunotoxic effects of extended administration of low doses of acrylamide in rats. To do this, we measured alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Male and female weanling Wistar rats were administered 2 or 5 mg acrylamide/kg/day in drinking water for 90 days. Peripheral blood was sampled at the end of the administration period. We found ANAE staining in eosinophils and T-lymphocytes, but not in monocytes, platelets, B-lymphocytes and neutrophils. ACP-ase was found in B-lymphocytes. We found a significant reduction of the ratio of ANAE:ACP-ase in lymphocytes of the experimental animals compared to controls. We found no statistically significant differences between the doses or sexes. We found that acrylamide ingested in processed foods might affect the immune system adversely by decreasing the population of mature T- and B-lymphocytes.

Effects of bisphenol A on antioxidant system and lipid profile in rats.

We investigated the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on antioxidant system enzymes, blood lipid profile and histologic structure of liver and pancreas in rats. We used 40 8-week-old male Wistar albino rats. The animals were divided into five groups of eight: control, vehicle, BPA-5, BPA-50 and BPA-500. BPA was dissolved in ethanol, then mixed with corn oil. The control group was untreated. The vehicle group was given the ethanol-corn oil mixture. The BPA 5, BPA 50 and BPA 500 groups were given 5, 50, and 500 µg/kg body weights/day, respectively. After 8 weeks, blood and tissue samples were obtained from the animals and plasma GSH, TBARS, SOD, GPx, CAT, NO, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, insulin and glucose were measured. The sections were stained using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. BPA significantly decreased the levels of GSH, SOD, GPx and CAT, and increased the levels of TBARS and NO in plasma. There was no significant difference among the groups in plasma insulin and glucose levels. The percentage of insulin immunoreactive cells in islets increased significantly in the BPA-500 group. The H-score of the BPA-5 and BPA-50 groups decreased significantly compared to controls. We found that BPA caused oxidative stress and disruption of pancreatic ß-cell function. Therefore, BPA is a risk factor for animal and human health.

Successful desensitization to etoposide in a preschool pediatric patient

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AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF JOUBERT SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS IN A NEWBORN: PANHYPOPITUITARISM.

The Joubert syndrome is characterized by hypotonia, ataxia, facial dysmorphism, abnormal eye movement, irregular breathing pattern and cognitive impairment. The molar tooth sign is the pathognomonic midbrain-hindbrain malformation for Joubert syndrome. Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD), are the clinically and genetically heterogen disorders in which the obligatory hallmark is the molar tooth sign (MTS). In this report, it was described the association of the molar tooth sign, absence of pituitary gland and corpus callosum agenesis on an infant with JSRD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case diagnosed as JSRD and panhypopituitarism without features of OFD VI.