Foreign Body Ingestion by a Psychiatric Patient Requiring an Appendectomy: A Case Report.

In the surgical field, the correct approach to the psychiatric patient represents a medical challenge, given the special considerations to be taken in the individualization of their diagnosis and treatment. We present an uncommon case of a 29-year-old patient with associated psychiatric pathology who presented to the emergency room after the introduction of two foreign bodies into the nasal cavity. After the endoscopic removal of one of the foreign bodies, the X-ray follow-up shows a second foreign body into the esophagus, which progressed to the vermiform appendix, causing the classical clinical signs of acute appendicitis as a complication. The importance of considering that events treated by the otorhinolaryngology area may have complications for urgent management by the general surgery service is denoted in this article.

Common bile duct pressure after open intraoperative instrumentation in patients with uncomplicated choledocholithiasis.

BACKGROUND: Common bile duct pressure (CBDP) after surgical exploration has not been fully detailed. The objective was to describe the changes of CBDP after open surgical exploration in patients with choledocholithiasis, considering clinical scenarios in remote locations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A before-after study was designed. Patients with choledocholithiasis who required an open cholecystectomy with exploration of bile ducts were included in the study. Open cholecystectomy was performed and perioperative T-tube CBDP was registered immediately after the procedure and weekly thereafter, with a 6 week follow-up. Control T-tube cholangiogram was performed at week 6 to exclude residual stones. Data were analyzed with T test for paired samples. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were included (age range, 17-69 years; 38.69 ± 17.97). Mean CBDP (cm H2O) registered were as follows: Initial = 19.5, week 1 = 16.2, week 2 = 14.3, week 3 = 13.0, week 4 = 12.1, week 5 = 11.1, and week 6 = 9.7. There were significant differences shown when comparing week 2 (p = 0.05), week 3 (p = 0.036), week 4 (p = 0.023), week 5 (p = 0.010), and week 6 (p = 0.004) with the initial value. CONCLUSIONS: CBDP decreases between 2nd and 3rd post-operative weeks. The use of choledochomanometry is useful in clinical scenarios with no access to imaging or interventionism facilities as in remote populations or rural locations.

ANTECEDENTES: La presión del conducto biliar común (PCBC) después de exploración quirúrgica no ha sido totalmente detallada. El objetivo fue describir los cambios de la PCBC tras exploración por coledocolitiasis. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de antes y después, en pacientes con coledocolitiasis, que requirieron colecistectomía con exploración de vías biliares, registrando la PCBC por 6 semanas. Con colangiografía por sonda en T en la semana seis. Análisis con T de Student para muestras pareadas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 13 pacientes (rango 17-69 años; 38,69 ± 17,97). Las presiones medias del CBC fueron: Inicial = 19.5, semana 1 = 16.2, semana 2 = 14.3, semana 3 = 13.0, semana 4 = 12.1, semana 5 = 11.1 y semana 6 = 9.7. Se mostraron diferencias significativas al comparar la semana 2 (p = 0.05), la semana 3 (p = 0.036), la semana 4 (p = 0.023), la semana 5 (p = 0.010) y la semana 6 (p = 0.004) contra el valor inicial. DISCUSIÓN: La PCBC disminuye entre la segunda y la tercera semana posoperatoria. La coledocomanometría muestra ser útil en escenarios clínicos sin acceso a intervencionismo como en poblaciones remotas o localidades rurales.

Diseño de un instrumento para evaluar las actividades profesionales confiables en cirugía general.

AIM: Competency-based medical education has become increasingly prevalent among surgical accreditation bodies that conduct assessments to ensure the competency of future professionals and judge the adequacy of training programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study to validate an instrument to evaluate entrustable professional activities (EPA) according to the Single Program of Medical Specialties through content and construct validity by expert judgment, and internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: Four of the rubrics scored high to optimal for univocity and relevance. Only one rubric had to be modified in two of its items. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha of 0.97). When applying the instrument, the residents showed differences in the level of competence according to postgraduate year, identifying better performance in the last year. DISCUSSION: The instrument was validated with a high degree of reliability in univocity and relevance, and high internal consistency. The residents demonstrated appropriate EPA to manage surgical patients safely, efficiently, with quality and warmth. The ability to reach the strategic level of performance is the main component of the competency-based medical education through the EPA.

OBJETIVO: La educación médica basada en competencias se ha vuelto cada vez más frecuente entre los organismos de acreditación quirúrgica que realizan evaluaciones para asegurar la competencia de los futuros profesionales y juzgar la idoneidad de los programas de formación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal para validar un instrumento para evaluar las actividades profesionales confiables (APC) según el Programa Único de Especialidades Médicas mediante validez de contenido y constructo por juicio de expertos, y consistencia interna con alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Cuatro de las rúbricas obtuvieron nivel alto a óptimo para univocidad y relevancia. Solo una rúbrica debió ser modificada en dos de sus ítems. La consistencia interna fue alta (alfa de Cronbach de 0.97). Al aplicar el instrumento, los residentes mostraron diferencias en el nivel competencial según el año de posgrado, identificando mejor desempeño el último año. DISCUSIÓN: El instrumento fue validado con un alto grado de fiabilidad en univocidad y relevancia, y una alta consistencia interna. Los residentes demostraron poseer las APC necesarias para tratar pacientes quirúrgicos de manera segura, eficiente, con calidad y calidez. La capacidad para alcanzar el nivel estratégico de desempeño es el componente principal de la educación médica basada en competencias a través de las APC.

Quality and patient satisfaction after ambulatory laparoscopic management of non-severe and uncomplicated gallbladder pathology.

INTRODUCTION: Ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ALC) reduces the use of hospital beds and benefits the patient by returning home sooner. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the degree of patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A controlled clinical trial was designed to assess the efficacy, safety, and satisfaction of ALC, compared to the usual laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ULC). Efficacy and safety were evaluated based on; recovery of the oral route, spontaneous urination, gas channeling, presence of pain, nausea, vomiting, bleeding, pain, penrose expense. Satisfaction was explored through an adaptation of the SATISCORE questionnaire. RESULTS: We included 71 patients, 38 from the experimental group (ALC) and 33 from the control group (ULC). There was a higher proportion of women, average age at the fifth decade, and a similar distribution of comorbidities. In safety and efficacy, the results were similar. In the survey, the ALC group showed an 89.5% high degree of satisfaction. DISCUSSION: There was a good postoperative recovery in both groups as they reincorporated earlier, identified in a better satisfaction index referred by the patient. CONCLUSION: The ALC is as effective and safe as ULC, so it can be considered as the new "gold standard" for the surgical management of uncomplicated biliary pathology.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (CLA) disminuye la utilización de camas y beneficia al paciente al no hospitalizarse, siendo importante evaluar su grado de satisfacción. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se diseñó un ensayo clínico controlado para eficacia, seguridad y satisfacción de CLA comparándola con colecistectomía laparoscópica habitual (CLH). Eficacia y seguridad se evaluaron en cuanto; recuperación de vía oral, micción espontánea, canalización de gases, dolor, nausea, vómito, sangrado, y gasto del penrose. La satisfacción a través de una adaptación del cuestionario SATISCORE. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 71 pacientes, 38 del grupo experimental (CLA) y 33 del control (CLH). En ambos hubo una mayor proporción de mujeres, edad promedio en la quinta década, y distribución de comorbilidades semejante. En seguridad y eficacia, los resultados fueron semejantes. En la encuesta el grupo de CLA manifestó 89.5% de alto grado de satisfacción. DISCUSIÓN: Hubo una buena recuperación en ambos grupos, con una reincorporaron más temprana y un mejor índice de satisfacción referido por el enfermo en el grupo experimental (CLA). CONCLUSIÓN: La CLA es tan efectiva y segura como la CLH, por lo que se puede considerar como el nuevo "Estándar de oro" para el manejo quirúrgico de la patología biliar no complicada.

[What and how to evaluate clinical-surgical competence. The resident and staff surgeon perspective]. / Qué y cómo se evalúa la competencia clínico-quirúrgica: perspectiva del adscrito y del residente de cirugía.

BACKGROUND: Evaluation is a means for significant and rigorous improvement of the educational process. Therefore, competence evaluation should allow assessing the complex activity of medical care, as well as improving the training process. This is the case in the evaluation process of clinical-surgical competences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed to measure knowledge about the evaluation of clinical-surgical competences for the General Surgery residency program at the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH). A 55-item questionnaire divided into six sections was used (perception, planning, practice, function, instruments and strategies, and overall evaluation), with a six level Likert scale, performing a descriptive, correlation and comparative analysis, with a significance level of 0.001. RESULTS: In both groups perception of evaluation was considered as a further qualification. As regards tools, the best known was the written examination. As regards function, evaluation was considered as a further administrative requirement. In the correlation analysis, evaluation was perceived as qualification and was significantly associated with measurement, assessment and accreditation. In the comparative analysis between residents and staff surgeons, a significant difference was found as regards the perception of the evaluation as a measurement of knowledge (Student t test: p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The results provide information about the concept we have about the evaluation of clinical-surgical competences, considering it as a measure of learning achievement for a socially required certification. There is confusion as regards the perception of evaluation, its function, goals and scopes as benefit for those evaluated.

Collagen-PVP, a collagen synthesis modulator, decreases intraperitoneal adhesions.

BACKGROUND: Adhesion formation in the peritoneal cavity is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction and secondary female infertility. A great effort has been dedicated to reduce adhesion formation because of the associated morbidity and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a before-after comparative trial and included 14 rabbits, with a weight between 300 and 500 g. All rabbits were appendectomized and 1 month later laparotomized to assess adhesion formation. Rabbits were randomized into two groups, Group I (control group), with no intervention, and Group II (experimental group), treated with an intraperitoneal sponge of collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Clg-PVP). The laparotomy procedure was repeated 1 month later for a new assessment of adhesion formation and histological evaluation by H-E and Masson staining. RESULTS: Histological findings showed abundant infiltrate in the control group, which was mild in the experimental group. With the Masson stain the control group showed a significantly higher amount of collagen than the experimental group and the fibrous tissue was more compact. We found a mean number of adhesions of 3.29 +/- 1.98 for the control group, which decreased to 2.57 +/- 0.79 after the second laparotomy. For the experimental group the mean number of adhesions decreased from 1.86 +/- 0.90 to 0.71 +/- 0.49 after the second laparotomy, with no statistical difference between both groups before Clg-PVP application, but a significant statistical difference after the implantation of Clg-PVP (Student's t test; P < 0.001, two-tailed). CONCLUSION: Collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone decreases the incidence and size of intraabdominal adhesions after secondary adhesion formation after appendectomy.

Efecto de diferentes antimicrobianos administrados por vía intraperitoneal sobre la membrana peritoneal / Effect of different antimicrobial agents administered intraperitoneally on the peritoneal membrane

Objetivos: en este estudio se evaluó el efecto de los antimicrobianos sobre el peritoneo al ser administrado por vía intraperitoneal en un modelo exprerimental con ratas. Material y métodos: se emplearon ratas Wistar a las cuales, bajo técnicas asépticas, a nivel de la línea media abdominal, se les administró por vía intraperitoneal, por un periodo de diez días, uno de los siguientes agentes: clindamicina, cloramfenicol, gentamicina, ciprofloxacina, metronidazol o cefotaxima. Al final del periodo de observación los animales fueron sacrificados y se evaluó la presencia de adherencias; también se tomaron biopsias de peritoneo para estudio histopatológico. Resultados: se observó la presencia de adherencias; también se tomaron biopsias de peritoneo para estudio histopatológico. Resultados: se observó la presencia de adherencias principalmente en los grupos que recibieron gentamicina y metronidazol, pero sin que hubiera diferencias estadísticamente significativas al compararlos con el grupo control. El estudio histopatológico evidenció que la respuesta del peritoneno se caracterizó por una reacción inflamatoria leve y focal. Conclusiones: la administración de antimicrobianos por vía intraperitoneal condicionó un infiltrado inflamatorio leve y focal, y no favorecieron la formación de adherencias