Efecto protector del aceite de Sacha inchi ( Plukenetía volubilis linneo ) en ratas Holtzman con inducción de artritis experimental / Protective effect of Sacha inchi oil ( Plukenetía volubilis linneo ) in Holtzman rats with induction of experimental arthritis

RESUMEN Objetivo. Demostrar cual es el resultado de la protección del aceite de Sacha inchi (SI) al realizar una inducción artificial de artritis al inyectar carragenina a ratas Holtzman. Métodos. Estudio cuantitativo, experimental y correlacional; se usaron 30 ratas macho: divididos en cinco grupos aleatorios : 1) Solución salina fisiológica (SSF) 2 mL/kg; 2) Carragenina (C) 0,1 mL solución 2% vía intraarticular, en la zona de la articulación del fémur con la tibia izquierda; 3) C y SI 250 mg/kg; 4) C y SI 1125 mg/kg; y 5) C y SI 2250 mg/ kg; determinándose tiempo (segundos), tipo de prensión (normal, pobre, regular, moderada, intensa), e inflamación pannus, fibrosis pannus, mediante estudio histopatológico. Se aplicó análisis de varianza, y los test de Tukey y Fisher. Resultados. Hubo mayor porcentaje de efecto antiinflamatorio dosis dependiente y tiempo de prensión a 2250 mg/Kg, seguido por 1125 mg/Kg. El estudio histopatológico mostró un pannus leve y fibrosis ausente con la dosis más alta; a dosis de 1125 mg/Kg de aceite SI hubo pannus moderado, y fibrosis leve. Conclusiones. Se demostró el resultado protector del aceite de Sacha Inchi (SI) aumentando y mejorando el tiempo tipo de prensión y reducción del pannus en la artritis inducida por carragenina en ratas Holtzman.

ABSTRACT Objective. To demonstrate the protective effect of Sacha inchi oil (SI) in arthritis induced by carrageenan in Holtzman rats. Methods. Quantitative, experimental and correlational study; 30 rats, males, randomly distributed in 5 groups were used: 1) SSF 2 mL/kg; 2) Carrageenan; 3) 4) and 5) Sacha inchi. Except for the control, they received 0.1 mL 2% carrageenan intra-articularly (the area of the femur joint with the left tibia); sacha inchi oil orally 225, 1125 and 2250 mg/kg correspondingly; determining time (seconds), type of grip (normal, poor, regular, moderate, intense), and pannus inflammation, pannus fibrosis by means of histopathological study. Applying analysis of variance, Tukey and Fisher test. Results. There was a higher percentage of dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect and grasp time at 2250 mg/Kg, followed by 1125 mg/Kg; and the histopathological study showed mild pannus and absent fibrosis with the highest dose, in contrast to doses of 1125 mg/Kg of oil there was moderate pannus, and mild fibrosis. Conclusions. The protective effect of Sacha inchi oil (SI) has demonstrated by increasing the time and improving the type of grasp and reducing the pannus in arthritis induced by carrageenan in Holtzman rats.

Histopathological evaluation of Senecio rhizomatus Rusby in 7,12-dimethylbenz(α) anthracene-induced breast cancer in female rats.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Senecio rhizomatus Rusby (SrR) is a medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family and traditionally consumed as infusion in the Andean region from Peru for inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to determine the histopathological changes afforded by SrR in 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer (BC) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ethanolic extract of SrR aerial parts was prepared by maceration with 96% ethanol, and the chemical components were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; the antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picril-hidrazil (DPPH) assay; and the acute toxicity was assessed according to the OCED 423 guidelines. In a pharmacological study, 30 female Holztman rats were distributed randomly into five groups, as follows. Group I: Negative control (physiological serum, 2 mL/kg); Group II. DMBA (80 mg/Kg body weight); and Groups III, IV, and V: DMBA + ethanol extract of SrR at doses of 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. RESULTS: The antioxidant activity of the SrR extract against DPPH was 92.50% at 200 mg/mL. The oral administration of SrR at doses of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg did not show any clinical evidence of toxicity or occurrence of death. The groups that received SrR presented a lower frequency of tumors and acumulative tumor volume compared with the DMBA group (p<0.05); the DMBA group exhibited a higher incidence of necrosis and moderate mitosis, up to 66.67% and 100.00%, respectively. Finally, infiltrating carcinoma with extensive tumor necrosis was evidenced. CONCLUSION: In experimental conditions, the ethanolic extract of SrR had a protective effect in DMBA-induced BC in female rats. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of its main phytochemicals could be responsible for the effect observed, and SrR seems to be a safe extract in the preclinical phase.

Protective effect of Chuquiraga spinosa Lessing associated with simvastatin on N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced prostate cancer in rats.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chuquiraga spinosa Lessing (ChS) has shown protective effect on  N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced prostate cancer in rats. Currently, statins are being studied for their pro-apoptotic and antimetastatic effects. The main objective of this research was to determine the protective effect associated with the oral administration of simvastatin and ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of ChS in the prevention of prostate cancer. METHODS: Fifty-six albino male rats were randomized into seven groups: I) negative control: physiological serum: 2 mL/kg; II) TCN: testosterone 100 mg/kg + cyproterone 50 mg/kg + NMU 50 mg/kg; III) TCN + S40 (simvastatin 40 mg/kg); IV) TCN + ChS250 (ChS 250 mg/kg); V) TCN + ChS50 (ChS 50 mg/kg) + S40; VI) TCN + ChS250 (ChS 250 mg/kg) + S40; and VII) TCN + ChS500 (ChS 500 mg/kg) + S40. The antioxidant activity was tested by using (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH) assay. Hematology, toxicological biochemical parameters, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), histology and prostate size were evaluated as main indicators of protective effect. RESULTS: Triglyceride values were decreased in the groups receiving ChS, being significant (P=0.02) in IV and VII group compared to cancer-inducing group (TCN). In groups that received ChS, PSA levels (P=0.71) were significant compared with TCN group. The VII group had the lowest prostate volume by sonography. The TCN group showed multiple foci of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) with the presence of cells in mitosis; whilst, groups V and VI had few areas of HG-PIN. CONCLUSION: In experimental conditions, the ethanolic extract of C. spinosa in association with simvastatin showed a protective effect on prostate cancer through hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity.

Reconstrucción primaria con implantes personalizados después de resección de gran tumoración craneofacial / Primary reconstruction with customized implants after resection of a large craniofacial tumor

Reportamos la reconstrucción inmediata con implantes personalizados en la región craneofacial en una paciente mujer de 22 años con tumoración craneofacial de 12x15 cm en la región fronto orbito cigomático izquierdo que correspondió a fibroma oscificante. Se realizó la reconstrucción con un implante hecho a medida basado en imágenes tomográficas. El implante de polieteretercetona (PEEK) fue seleccionado para reemplazar la pérdida ósea y para restaurar la anatomía facial. No hubo necesidad de ajuste transquirúrgico del implante; ni se presentaron reacciones de rechazo, infección o exposición del implante en el periodo posoperatorio. Aunque el hueso autólogo es preferido para implantes, resulta difícil adecuarlos en situaciones de un compromiso extenso como en el caso presentado; por ello los implantes de PEEK son actualmente una opción en términos de biocompatibilidad, resistencia, duración, conductividad térmica y traslucencia radiográfica.

We report the immediate reconstruction with personalized implants in the craniofacial region in a 22-year old female patient with a craniofacial tumor of 12x15 cm in the left zygomatic orbital frontal region that corresponded to an ossifying fibroma. The reconstruction was performed with a custom-made implant based on tomographic images. The polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant was selected to replace bone loss and restore facial anatomy. There was no need for transsurgical adjustment of the implant, no rejection, infection or implant exposure in the postoperative period. Although autologous bone is preferred for implants, it is often limited in the morbidity of the donor site, the difficulty of giving shape mainly to the borders and the limitation of the area to be donated; therefore the PEEK implants are currently an option in terms of biocompatibility resistance, duration, thermal conductivity and radiographic translucency.

Nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes postoperados de traumatismo facial: un estudio de cohorte de un Hospital Nacional en Perú / Satisfaction level of post-operated facial trauma patients: a cohort study of a National Hospital in Peru

Resumen Objetivo Determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes postoperados de traumatismo facial en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM). Material y Método Estudio cuantitativo, cohorte longitudinal, analítica. La población estuvo constituida por 36 pacientes con diagnóstico de traumatismo facial que se sometieron a cirugía en el servicio de cabeza y cuello del HNDM durante el periodo julio de 2014-febrero de 2015. Se utilizó un cuestionario sobre satisfacción global cuya confiabilidad es r = 0,95, que evalúa cinco dimensiones: Limitación funcional, apariencia facial, apariencia sexual y corporal, autoconcepto negativo y apariencia social. Los puntajes promedio obtenidos en la escala de Likert fueron comparados con la prueba T de student pareada. Se consideró un valor p < 0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados La satisfacción global de los pacientes postcirugía fue alta en comparación con lo alcanzado en la precirugía (p = 0,01). En las dimensiones limitación funcional, apariencia facial, autoconcepto negativo y apariencia social el 100% alcanzó un nivel de satisfacción alto en la postcirugía. En la dimensión de apariencia sexual y corporal, el 100% tuvo en el periodo postcirugía un nivel de satisfacción medio, respecto al nivel bajo obtenido en la precirugía. Conclusión Los pacientes postoperados de traumatismo facial en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo presentan un alto nivel de satisfacción a nivel funcional, de apariencia facial, en autoconcepto y de apariencia social.

Objective To determine the level of satisfaction of patients who underwent surgery for facial trauma in the Dos de Mayo National Hospital (HNDM). Materials and Methods Quantitative, cross-sectional analytical study. The population consisted of 36 patients diagnosed with facial trauma who underwent surgery in the Head and Neck service of the HNDM during the period July 2014-February 2015. A Global satisfaction questionnaire, previously validated for this research, was used whose reliability is r = 0.95 and evaluates aspects of Limitation functional, facial appearance, sexual and physical appearance, negative self- concept and social appearance. The average scores on the Likert scale were compared with the paired Student t test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Regarding the overall satisfaction of patients, the number of patients who reported having a high level of satisfaction was significantly higher in the post surgery compared to what was achieved in the pre surgery (p = 0.01). In respect of functional limitations, facial appearance, negative self-concept and social appearance 100% achieved a high level of satisfaction in the post surgery. In the dimension of sexual and physical appearance, 100% was in the post surgery a medium level of satisfaction, from the low level obtained in the pre surgery. Conclusions The patients operated after facial trauma in the Dos de Mayo National Hospital have a high level of satisfaction on a functional level, facial appearance, negative self-concept and social appearance.

Protective effect of Chuquiraga spinosa extract on N-methyl-nitrosourea (NMU) induced prostate cancer in rats.

BACKGROUND: The main objective was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Chuquiraga spinosa extract on N-methyl nitrosourea (NMU)-induced prostate cancer in rats and DU-145 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prostate carcinogenesis was induced in 30 male Holtzman rats by providing cyproterone acetate, testosterone, and NMU. The tumors were monitored and hematological and biochemical parameters and frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were recorded. The cell line was assessed by a cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS: Oral administration of C. spinosa extract significantly lowered superoxide dismutase malondialdehyde, NO, C-reactive protein, and prostate-specific antigen levels (all P < 0.01 compared with Inductor Group). There was a significant decrease in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (P < 0.05). C. spinosa presented a selectivity index of 17.24 in the cytotoxicity assay. CONCLUSIONS: Considering its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic effects, and important variations on biochemical and hematological parameters, including prostate-specific antigen of C. spinosa extract, we conclude that it has a protective effect on NMU-induced prostate cancer in rats and cytotoxicity in the DU-145 cell line.

Antiallergic effect of the atomized extract of rhizome of Curcuma longa, flowers of Cordia lutea and leaves of Annona muricata.

INTRODUCTION: Allergies are a problem that greatly affects the population, and hence the use of antiallergic medications is fairly widespread. However, these drugs have many adverse effects. The use of medicinal plants could be an option, but they need to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the antiallergic effect of the atomized extract of rhizome of Curcuma longa, flowers of Cordia lutea, and leaves of Annona muricata. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand white albino rabbits were randomized into 2 groups. Group A received the atomized extract diluted in physiological saline (APS) and group B received it diluted in Freund's adjuvant (FA). Then, the back of each rabbit was divided into 4 quadrants. The A-I quadrant received only physiological saline. The A-I quadrants of each rabbit conformed the PS group. The following 3 quadrants received the APS in 10 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 1,000 µg/mL, respectively. The B-I quadrant received only FA. The B-I quadrants of each rabbit conformed the FA group. The following 3 quadrants received the AFA in 10 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 1,000 µg/mL, respectively. The occurrence of erythema and edema was recorded according to the Draize scoring system and the primary irritation index. After 72 hours, biopsies were performed. RESULTS: The AFA group presented significantly less erythema and edema compared to the FA group (P<0.05). The histopathologic evaluation at 72 hours showed normal characteristics in the APS group. CONCLUSION: Considering the clinical and histopathological signs, we conclude that the administration of the atomized extract of rhizome of C. longa, flowers of C. lutea, and leaves of A. muricata lacks antigenic effect but could have an antiallergenic effect in a model of dermal irritation in rabbits.

Estudio de toxicidad a 28 días, del extracto atomizado de rizoma de Curcuma longa (A4R), flores de Cordia lutea (A4F) y hojas de Annona muricata (A4L) en un modelo murino / Study of toxicity to 28 days, of the atomized extract of the rhizome of Curcuma longa (A4R), Cordia lutea flowers (A4F) and leaves of Annona muricata (A4L) in a murine model

La asociación de las tres plantas ha sido aprobada por la Institución de Salud en Canadá, bajo la forma de extracto lioilizado, la cual ha demostrado poseer efectos terapéuticos. Objetivos: Determinar la seguridad de la asociación del extracto atomizado del rizoma de Curcuma longa (A4R); lores de Cordia lutea (A4F) y hojas de Annona muricata (A4L) a una dosis repetida durante 28 días por vía oral en ratas. Materiales y métodos: Diseño experimental, se utilizaron 40 ratas Holtzman (20 machos ­ 20 hembras); se siguió las directrices o normas de la Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Norma 407; se administró el extracto atomizado durante 28 días por vía oral, se realizaron las observaciones, registro de signos y evolución semanal del peso corporal de los animales; al final, se extrajo muestra de sangre para estudio hematológico y bioquímico; posteriormente, fueron sacrificados para estudio anatomopatológico de hígado, riñón, corazón, médula, cerebro, páncreas, y bazo; se aplicó el ANOVA, considerando el valor p<0,05 para la significancia. Resultados: Al administrar la asociación en forma de extracto atomizado, se observó una evolución temporal homogénea del peso corporal. No hubo variación significativa en los niveles de glucemia, urea, colesterol, triglicéridos, bilirrubina indirecta, transaminasas (GPT­ GOT), fosfatasa alcalina ni hemoglobina (p>0,05); Conclusiones: Los hallazgos demuestran que el extracto atomizado del rizoma de Curcuma longa (A4R), las flores de Cordia lutea (A4F) y las hojas de Annona muricata (A4L) no es toxico en ratas, al ser administrado por un periodo de 28 días.

Efecto hepatoprotector del Asparagus officinalis (Espárrago verde) en daño inducido por fármacos antituberculosos / Hepatoprotective effect of Asparagus officinalis (green asparagus) on damage induced by tuberculostatic agents

Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto hepatoprotector del extracto acuoso del Asparagus officinalis (AO) en daño inducido por fármacos antituberculosos. Materiales y métodos: Diseño experimental, se utilizó ratas Holtzman macho (n= 32) y tallos de AO. Se conformó cuatro grupos de ratas (n=8): G1: control con solución salina fisiológica (SSF) por vía oral (VO), G2, G3 y G4 con AO a dosis de 25, 50 y 100 mg/kg respectivamente; todos los grupos recibieron isoniazida (I) y rifampicina (R) a razón de 50 mg/kg durante 21 días. Se realizó punción cardiaca para evaluación seriada de enzimas hepáticas; finalmente, las ratas fueron sacrificadas para análisis histopatológico. Se evaluó la variación de peso, cambios en heces y orinas. Niveles de transaminasas (ALT y AST), bilirrubina total (BT), evaluación macroscópica de hígado y estructura hepatocelular. Se aplicó la prueba paramétrica de ANOVA y post-hoc Sheffe, y las no paramétricas de Kruskal-Wallis y Mann Whitney. El análisis se realizó con el paquete estadístico SPSS V20 y se consideró significativo un p<0,05. Resultados: El peso disminuyó 8,06% en el grupo G1. Las heces y orinas fueron de color marrón oscuro en mayor porcentaje en G1. Los niveles de ALT y AST resultaron mayores en G1 a los días 11 y 21 con respecto a G2, G3 y G4 (prueba ANOVA [p< 0,01], Scheffe (p< 0,01)). El Grupo G1 presentó severa infiltración de células inflamatorias, marcada congestión alrededor de vena centrolobulillar y severa dilatación de sinusoides a diferencia de G2, G3 y G4. Conclusiones: En condiciones experimentales el extracto acuoso del Asparagus officinalis tiene efecto hepatoprotector ante el daño inducido por fármacos antituberculosos (I + R).

Toxicidad a 90 días del extracto atomizado de rizoma de Curcuma longa (A4R), Flores de cordia lutea (A4F) y hojas de Annona muricata (A4L) en modelo murino / 90-day toxicity of the extract of rhizome of Curcuma longa (A4R), Flowers of Cordia lutea (A4F) and leaves of Annona muricata (A4L) in murine mode

Objetivos: Determinar la seguridad de la asociación del extracto atomizado del rizoma de Curcuma longa (A4R), flores de Cordia lutea (A4F) y hojas de Annona muricata (A4L) a una dosis repetida durante 90 días por vía oral en ratas. Material y métodos: Diseño experimental, se utilizaron 108 ratas Holtzman (54 machos ­ 54 hembras) y se administró el extracto atomizado durante 90 días por vía oral, se realizaron las observaciones, registro de signos y evolución cada 30 días del peso corporal de los animales; al final, se extrajo muestra de sangre para estudio hematológico, hepático, lipídico y antioxidante, se aplicó la prueba ANOVA, considerando el valor p<0,05 para la significancia. Resultados: La asociación de extracto atomizado (ALC) evidenció un incremento significativo del peso para el grupo ALC 200 mg/kg; en las ratas macho a partir de los 30 días (p<0,01) y en ratas hembra a partir de los 60 días (p<0,01) manteniendo dicho patrón a los 90 días. Todos los valores hematológicos y bioquímicos durante los 90 días se mantuvieron dentro de parámetros permitidos. Se observó un incremento en la actividad de la superoxido dismutasa (SOD) desde los primeros 30 días y manteniendo el mismo hasta el final, independientemente del género (p<0,05). Conclusión: Los hallazgos demuestran que el extracto atomizado del rizoma de Curcuma longa (A4R), flores de Cordia lutea (A4F) y hojas de Annona muricata (A4L) no produce toxicidad al ser administrado por un periodo de 90 días en ratas.

Efecto antitumoral in vitro del aceite esencial de Piper aduncum L. (matico) y su toxicidad oral en ratones / Piper aduncum L. (matico) essential oil in vitro antitumoral effect and oral toxicity in mice

Introducción: Piper aduncum (matico) es una especie utilizada por sus propiedades medicinales en desórdenes gastrointestinales y genitourinarios. Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto antitumoral del aceite esencial de Piper aduncum (matico) in vitro en siete líneas celulares tumorales humanas y determinar la toxicidad oral en ratones. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Líneas celulares tumorales humanas H460, DU-145, ME-180, K562, HT-29, MCF 7, M14, K562; fibroblastos normales de ratón 3T3 y ratones albinos machos Balb/C53. Intervenciones: Las líneas celulares fueron expuestas a cuatro concentraciones del aceite esencial de P. aduncum y 5-fluorouracilo (5-FU). Para la toxicidad oral se utilizó ratones albinos machos Balb C/53 de 40 días post destete, a cinco dosis de tratamiento, evaluándose el número de muertes en cada dosis. Principales medidas de los resultados: Porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento celular (IC50), dosis letal 50 (DL50). Resultados: El aceite esencial mostró IC50 mayor a 250 ug/mL para las líneas celulares M-14 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), DU-145 (r = 0,99; p < 0,01), ME-180 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01). Para líneas celulares tumorales H460 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), MCF-7 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), K562 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), HT-29 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), los niveles de IC50 estuvieron entre 20 ug/mL y 250 ug/mL. DL50 > 2 000 mg/kg. Conclusiones: El aceite esencial de P. aduncum no presentó efecto antitumoral in vitro para las siete líneas celulares tumorales humanas y no fue tóxico.

Introduction: Piper aduncum (matìco) is a medicinal plant used for gastrointestinal and genitourinary disorders. Objectives: To determine the in vitro antitumoral effect of Piper aduncum (matico) essential oil on seven human tumoral cell lines and its oral toxicity in mice. Design: Experimental. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biologic material: Human tumoral cell lines HT-29, H-460, MCF-7, M-14, ME-180, DU-145, K-562; and 3T3 fibroblasts and male 40 days post weaning Balb C/53 mice. Interventions: The cell lines HT-29, H-460, MCF-7, M-14, ME-180, DU-145, K-562, and 3T3 were exposed to four different concentrations of Piper aduncum essential oil, and to different 5-fluorouracil concentrations used as a positive control. Cell lines growth inhibition (IC50) was determined using linear regression analysis and DL50 by the number of deaths with each dose. Main outcome measures: Antitumor effect. Results: Piper aduncum essential oil showed cytotoxic activity at IC50 levels > 250 ug/mL on cell lines M-14 (r = -0.99; p < 0.01), DU-145 (r = -0.99; p < 0.01), ME-180 (r = -0.99; p < 0.01). IC50 was between 20 ug/mL and 250 ug/mL on cell lines H-460 (r = -0.99; p < 0.01), MCF-7, (r = -0.99; p < 0.01), K562 (r = -0.99; p < 0.01), HT-29 (r = -0.99; p < 0.01). DL50 was > 2 000 mg/kg. Conclusions: P. aduncum essential oil did not show antitumoral effect on seven human tumoral cell lines and it was non toxic.