RESUMEN
Three new species of the genus Newportia Gervais, 1847 from Colombia are described and illustrated. They were found in the cloud forests of the eastern Andes and in the rainforests of the biogeographical Choc, ecosystems where the centipede fauna has been little studied. Newportia (Newportia) florezi sp. nov. differs from other Newportia species in the arrangement of the spinous processes on the prefemur of the ultimate legs, while Newportia (Newportia) anopla sp. nov. has a coxopleuron without any trace of a coxopleural process and possesses an atypically small forcipular coxosternite. Newportia (Newportia) tequendama sp. nov. is morphologically similar to Newportia pusilla Pocock, 1893, but differs in having an undivided tarsus 2 in the ultimate legs and the arrangement of the spinous processes on the prefemur and femur. An identification key for the Colombian species of Newportia is provided.
Asunto(s)
Artrópodos , Quilópodos , Animales , Colombia , Ecosistema , BosquesRESUMEN
A new monotypic subgenus Newportia (Andeocryptops) subgen. n is described based on 18 specimens of N. (A.) shelleyi sp. n. This form is endemic to the Colombian Andes showing the following unique combination of morphological features: very short and thin, a cylindrical and not segmented ultimate tarsus 2, a "spinning-spur" (see below) on the ultimate tarsus 1, short paramedian sutures close to the anterior and posterior margins of cephalic plate, a tibial lateral spur and a glandular pore fields in the ultimate femur. An identification key to the Newportia subgenera, as well as a key to the Ectonocryptops, Ectonocryptoides and Andeocryptops species are included.
Asunto(s)
Artrópodos , Animales , ColombiaRESUMEN
The type material of Sogona cyclareata Attems, 1947 is revised. The syntype shares characters with representatives of the family Schendylidae and not the Geophilidae to which it is currently assigned. The species has the claw of the second maxillae pectinate and the labrum not divided into median and lateral portions. Sogona cyclareata presents also characters of the genus Schendylops Cook, 1899 such as the presence of two pores in each coxopleuron, ultimate legs without claws, and the arrangement of the sternal pores-fields. No Schendylops species known to date has the characters of S. cyclareata, so we propose the new combination Schendylops cyclareatus.
Asunto(s)
Artrópodos , Distribución Animal , AnimalesRESUMEN
Schendylops janelao sp. n. is described from a limestone cave located in eastern Brazil. There are several reports of geophilomorphs in Brazilian caves, however, the new species represents the first troglobite species for South America and the first for Gruta do Janelão Cave, northern Minas Gerais State. Schendylops janelao sp. n. is described based on a male specimen and differs from its congeners by a combination of 10 characters. We discuss the character-states related to subterranean life and the conservation status of the species.
Asunto(s)
Artrópodos , Animales , Brasil , Carbonato de Calcio , Cuevas , MasculinoRESUMEN
Abstract: The Brazilian Pantanal biome is one of the largest and most important floodplains in the world by virtue of its biodiversity and indispensable ecological services on local, regional, and global scales. Despite this importance, many gaps remain concerning its biodiversity as well as its generation and maintenance mechanisms. In view of expanding the information about its biological diversity, we compiled a list of Myriapoda (Arthropoda) species occurring in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil, based on the records from literature and on the specimens available in the zoological collections of Federal University of Mato Grosso -UFMT. A total of 33 Myriapoda species were recorded in the region. The Diplopoda species (20 spp.; 60.6%) are distributed 'between four orders: Polydesmida, represented by five families (Chelodesmidae, notably, with three species; Paradoxosomatidae and Pyrgodesmidae, with two species each; and Cyrtodesmidae and Fuhrmannodesmidae, with one species each, recently recorded in the region); Spirostreptida, represented by Spirostreptidae, with eight species; Spirobolida, with two species (one Rhinocricidae and one not identified); and Polyxenida. The Chilopoda (10 spp.; 30.3%) belong to three orders: Scolopendromorpha, with four species of the family Scolopendridae, two Scolopocryptopidae species, and one Cryptopidae species; Geophilomorpha, with the families Aphilodontidae and Schendylidae, with one species each; and Lithobiomorpha, with one Henicopidae species. Symphyla was represented by only two species (6.1%) of the family Scutigerellidae; and Pauropoda (3.0%) by a single species of Pauropodidae. The Myriapoda species richness, as well as the high number of new records in recent studies reinforce the importance of the northern region of the Pantanal biome as a diversity center with potential priority for measures aimed at the conservation of its many habitats.
Resumo: O Pantanal de Mato Grosso é uma das maiores e mais importantes planícies de inundação do mundo, em relação à sua biodiversidade e aos seus indispensáveis serviços ecológicos em escalas locais, regionais e globais. Apesar dessa importância, existem, ainda, muitas lacunas sobre o conhecimento de sua biodiversidade, bem como de seus mecanismos geradores e mantenedores. Desse modo, a fim de contribuir com o conhecimento de sua diversidade biológica compilamos, com base na literatura e em espécimes disponíveis nas coleções e acervos zoológicos da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, uma lista de espécies de miriápodes (Arthropoda, Myriapoda) ocorrentes no Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Um total de 33 espécies de Myriapoda foi registrado como ocorrentes nessa região. As espécies de Diplopoda (20 spp.; 60,6%), estão distribuídas em quatro ordens. Polydesmida está representada por cinco famílias, com destaque para Chelodesmidae com três espécies, Paradoxosomatidae e Pyrgodesmidae, com duas espécies cada, além de Cyrtodesmidae e Fuhrmannodesmidae, com uma espécie cada, recentemente registradas para essa região; Spirostrepida representada por Spirostreptidae, com oito espécies; Spirobolida, com duas espécies (uma Rhinocricidae e uma não identificada); e Polyxenida. Os Chilopoda (10 spp.; 30,3%) estão distribuídos em três ordens: Scolopendromorpha, com quatro espécies da família Scolopendridae, duas espécies de Scolopocryptopidae e uma espécie de Cryptopidae; Geophilomorpha, com as famílias Aphilodontidae e Schendylidae, com uma espécie cada; e Lithobiomorpha, com uma única espécie de Henicopidae. Symphyla foi representada por apenas duas espécies (6,1%) da família Scutigerellidae e Pauropoda (3,0%) por uma única espécie de Pauropodidae. A riqueza de espécies de Myriapoda, bem como a alta proporção de novos registros em estudos recentes, reforçam a importância da região norte do Pantanal como um centro de diversidade com potencial prioridade às medidas de conservação de seus variados habitats.
RESUMEN
The edaphic fauna plays an important role in the organic matter dynamics of the soil. Millipeds (Diplopoda),centipeds (Chilopoda) and isopods (Isopoda) are among the main components of the soil fauna. Vegetationstructure represents one of the main factors influencing composition and diversity of these species that inhabitleaf litter and soil, what is particularly important in the Amazon Forest, where there are several singular ve-getation types. Savannah and forest areas stand out in ferruginous hills, which represents one of the most poorlyknown and highly threatened ecosystems in the Amazon. However, sampling the edaphic fauna in high diversitysites represents a challenging task. Studies have shown that sampling method may influence observed patterns ofdiversity. From this perspective, the present study aimed to (i) investigate whether assemblages of Chilopoda,Diplopoda and Isopoda differ between vegetation types in the Amazon, (ii) indicate how biological parametersbehave in such communities, (iii) identify which method or combination of methods is better suited to samplespecies richness and (iv) quantify the efficiency of each method regarding time of work and cost. Sampling wasconducted by means of hand collection, leaf litter collection, hay-bait traps and soil sampling in four patches,two in the savannah (also called canga) and two in the forest. Richness was higher in forest habitats forChilopoda and Diplopoda, while for Isopoda there was no significant difference. Species composition also dif-fered between vegetation types for Chilopoda and Isopoda, but not for Diplopoda. Beta diversity between ve-getation types was mainly determined by nestedness and balancing, while turnover was the main beta diversitycomponent responsible for differences among methods. Soil sampling and hand collection added more species tothe samples, therefore, this combination was the most efficient to access diversity. Our results support thehypothesis that differences in the soil cover promoted by distinct vegetation types influence the species diversityand composition of edaphic fauna. The differences were mainly determined by nestedness and balancing, in-dicating that the fauna sampled in the canga represents a subset of those present in the surrounding forest. In thissense, even in ecosystems with distinct vegetation types, the combination of soil and surface sampling methods isrecommended. Lastly, the present study proposes a set of decision rules and a key to select the most appropriatemethod to sample the studied taxonomic groups
RESUMEN
The edaphic fauna plays an important role in the organic matter dynamics of the soil. Millipeds (Diplopoda),centipeds (Chilopoda) and isopods (Isopoda) are among the main components of the soil fauna. Vegetationstructure represents one of the main factors influencing composition and diversity of these species that inhabitleaf litter and soil, what is particularly important in the Amazon Forest, where there are several singular ve-getation types. Savannah and forest areas stand out in ferruginous hills, which represents one of the most poorlyknown and highly threatened ecosystems in the Amazon. However, sampling the edaphic fauna in high diversitysites represents a challenging task. Studies have shown that sampling method may influence observed patterns ofdiversity. From this perspective, the present study aimed to (i) investigate whether assemblages of Chilopoda,Diplopoda and Isopoda differ between vegetation types in the Amazon, (ii) indicate how biological parametersbehave in such communities, (iii) identify which method or combination of methods is better suited to samplespecies richness and (iv) quantify the efficiency of each method regarding time of work and cost. Sampling wasconducted by means of hand collection, leaf litter collection, hay-bait traps and soil sampling in four patches,two in the savannah (also called canga) and two in the forest. Richness was higher in forest habitats forChilopoda and Diplopoda, while for Isopoda there was no significant difference. Species composition also dif-fered between vegetation types for Chilopoda and Isopoda, but not for Diplopoda. Beta diversity between ve-getation types was mainly determined by nestedness and balancing, while turnover was the main beta diversitycomponent responsible for differences among methods. Soil sampling and hand collection added more species tothe samples, therefore, this combination was the most efficient to access diversity. Our results support thehypothesis that differences in the soil cover promoted by distinct vegetation types influence the species diversityand composition of edaphic fauna. The differences were mainly determined by nestedness and balancing, in-dicating that the fauna sampled in the canga represents a subset of those present in the surrounding forest. In thissense, even in ecosystems with distinct vegetation types, the combination of soil and surface sampling methods isrecommended. Lastly, the present study proposes a set of decision rules and a key to select the most appropriatemethod to sample the studied taxonomic groups
RESUMEN
Scolopendra arthrorhabdoides Ribaut, 1913 is redescribed based on fresh material. Its taxonomic status is evaluated and compared with Scolopendra armata Kraepelin, 1903 and Scolopendra alternans Leach, 1816. The geographical distribution of S. arthrorhabdoides is also revised. Scolopendra armata is reported from Colombia for the first time.
Asunto(s)
Artrópodos , Animales , ColombiaRESUMEN
Abstract: Myriapods constitute important edaphic macrofauna taxa which dwell in different trophic levels and influence the dynamics of these environments. This study evaluated the variation in composition, richness and abundance of edaphic myriapod assemblages as a function of the distribution and structure of flooded and non-flooded habitats (spatial variation) and hydrological seasonality (temporal variation) in a floodplain of the northern Pantanal region of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sampling was carried out in three areas of the Poconé Pantanal, along an altitudinal and inundation gradient consisting of inundated and non-inundated habitats and different vegetation formations. Three quadrats (10 x 10 m) were delimited within each habitat type, where sampling was performed using pitfall traps and mini-Winkler extractors during the dry, rising water, high water and receding water periods of two hydrological cycles within the Pantanal (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). A total of 549 millipedes were collected, consisting of 407 Diplopoda and 142 Chilopoda distributed in six orders, 12 families and 20 species. The assemblages composition varied throughout the seasonal periods, indicating that the rising water and dry periods differed from the high water and receding water periods. In addition to the variation between seasonal periods, myriapod richness and abundance also varied in relation to areas consisting of different vegetation formations. Thus, it can be concluded that the hydrological seasonality associated with the inundation gradient and different vegetation types were determinant in the heterogeneous spatial and temporal distribution of myriapod assemblages, validating that the conservation of these invertebrates in the Pantanal is directly linked to the preservation of vegetation, and consequently, ecosystem integrity.
Resumo: Os miriápodes constituem importantes táxons da macrofauna edáfica atuando em diferentes níveis tróficos, influenciando a dinâmica desses ambientes. Este estudo avaliou a variação na composição, riqueza e abundância da assembleia de miriápodes edáficos em função da distribuição e estrutura de habitats inundáveis e não inundáveis (variação espacial) e da sazonalidade hidrológica (variação temporal) em uma planície de inundação na região norte do Pantanal de Mato Grosso, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas em três áreas no Pantanal de Poconé, em um gradiente altitudinal e de inundação, constituídas por habitats inundáveis e não inundáveis e por diferentes formações vegetacionais. Em cada tipo de habitat foram delimitados três quadrantes (10 x 10 m), onde foram efetuadas amostragens com armadilhas pitfall e Extrator mini-Winkler, ao longo dos períodos de seca, enchente, cheia e vazante, durante dois ciclos hidrológicos do Pantanal (2010/2011 e 2011/2012). Foram amostrados 549 miriápodes, dos quais 407 Diplopoda e 142 Chilopoda, distribuídos em seis ordens, 12 famílias e 20 espécies. A composição da assembleia variou ao longo dos períodos sazonais, indicando que a enchente e seca diferem da cheia e vazante. Além da variação entre os períodos sazonais, a riqueza e abundância de miriápodes variaram também em relação às áreas, constituídas por diferentes formações vegetacionais. Assim, pode-se concluir que a sazonalidade hidrológica associada ao gradiente de inundação e os diferentes tipos vegetacionais foram determinantes para a distribuição espacial e temporal heterogênea da assembleia de miriápodes, evidenciando que a conservação destes invertebrados no Pantanal está diretamente ligada à preservação da vegetação e, consequentemente, de sua integridade ecossistêmica.
