RESUMEN
Fraxinus angustifolia leaves and bark are used in traditional medicine against various inflammatory-related pathologies incumbent to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the NADH oxidase activity of enzymes such as xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). This study was designed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of this enzyme by Fraxinus angustifolia extracts. The leaf organic phase of ethyl acetate (LFA) and its bark aqueous counterpart (BFA) showed the strongest anti-NADH oxidase activity in vitro (IC50 = 38.51 and 42.04 µg mL-1, respectively). They consequently suppressed superoxide generation both enzymatically (53% and 19%, respectively) and nonenzymatically (34% and 19%, respectively). These results were corroborated in vivo, with high antiNADH oxidase potential of the leaves and bark extracts (75.32% and 51.32%, respectively) concomitant with moderate hypouricemic activities (36.84% and 38.59%, respectively). Bio-guided fractionation led to the identification, by LC-DAD-MS/MS, of esculin and calcelarioside in bark and kaempferol glucoside in leaves as the main compounds responsible for the anti-NADH oxidase activity of XOR. These results plead in favor of the use of F. angustifolia as a source of potentially interesting therapeutic substances.
RESUMEN
Three unusual dioxatricyclodecenone compounds, mollugoside A, E-mollugoside B and Z-mollugoside B and, together with known flavonoids, were isolated from the aerial parts of Galium mollugo collected in north-eastern Algeria. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR. Flavonoids and mollugoside A significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human fibroblasts.
Asunto(s)
Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Galium , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Humanos , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
The flavonol profiles of grape berry skins were analysed in order to assess phenotypic variation between six grapevines belonging to six different species: Vitis vinifera, Vitiscandicans, Vitischampinii, Vitisamurensis, Vitiscinerea and Vitisdoaniana. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and NMR spectrometry (LC-NMR) were used to separate and identify the flavonols present in these species. The combination of LC-MS and LC-NMR data resulted in the identification of eighteen flavonols. In particular, the new flavonol diglycoside and pentoside derivatives were determined. In addition, the antioxidant capacities of flavonol grape skin extracts were evaluated by using an oxygen radical absorbance capacity method (ORAC).
Asunto(s)
Flavonoles/química , Vitis/química , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Frutas/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Viticultural residues from commercial viticultural activities represent a potentially important source of bioactive stilbenes such as resveratrol. The main aim of the present study was therefore to isolate, identify and perform biological assays against amyloid-ß peptide aggregation of original stilbenes from Vitis vinifera shoots. RESULTS: A new resveratrol oligomer, (Z)-cis-miyabenol C (3), was isolated from Vitis vinifera grapevine shoots together with two newly reported oligostilbenes from Vitis vinifera shoots, vitisinol C (1) and (E)-cis-miyabenol C (2), and six known compounds: piceatannol, resveratrol, (E)-ε-viniferin (trans-ε-viniferin), ω-viniferin, vitisinol C and (E)-miyabenol C. The structures of these resveratrol derivatives were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis including nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. All the newly reported compounds were tested for their anti-aggregative activity against amyloid-ß fibril formation. Vitisinol C was found to exert a significant activity against amyloid-ß aggregation. CONCLUSION: Vitis vinifera grapevine shoots are potentially interesting as a source of new bioactive stilbenes, such as vitisinol C.
Asunto(s)
Descubrimiento de Drogas , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Nootrópicos/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Brotes de la Planta/química , Estilbenos/aislamiento & purificación , Vitis/química , Agricultura/economía , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/antagonistas & inhibidores , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Benzofuranos/análisis , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/economía , Benzofuranos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Francia , Humanos , Residuos Industriales/economía , Estructura Molecular , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/economía , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/aislamiento & purificación , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Nootrópicos/química , Nootrópicos/economía , Nootrópicos/farmacología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/economía , Extractos Vegetales/economía , Agregado de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Agregación Patológica de Proteínas , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Estereoisomerismo , Estilbenos/análisis , Estilbenos/química , Estilbenos/economía , Estilbenos/farmacología , EstilbestrolesRESUMEN
There are numerous studies indicating that a moderate consumption of red wine provides certain health benefits, such as the protection against neurodegenerative diseases. This protective effect is most likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds in wine. Wine polyphenolic compounds are well known for the antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress is involved in many forms of cellular and molecular deterioration. This damage can lead to cell death and various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseases. Extensive investigations have been undertaken to determine the neuroprotective effects of wine-related polyphenols. In this review we present the neuroprotective abilities of the major classes of wine-related polyphenols.