[Use of a broth made of the subepidermal layer of pig skin as feed]. / Izpolzuvane na bul'on ot podepidermalen sloi na svinski kozhi kato furazh.

Studied was a broth received from the T. Dokov leather factory in Etropole, prepared of swine skin subepidermal layer (BSSS). As many as 28 samples of BSSS were studied with regard to crude protein, crude fats, and aldehyde and peroxide numbers. The tolerability of BSSS was tested on a total of 150 Wistar albino rats after storing at various temperatures. Studied were also 10 batches of BSSS in fresh state (up to the 24th hour after receiving from the factory) as well as at intervals of up to 10 days in air-tight condition, at temperatures of 4 to 8 degrees C; 18 to 20 degrees C; and 37 degrees C. BSSS was administered orally, undiluted, at the rate of 3 ml/100 g body mass. The subchronic toxicity of BSSS was examined with two species of animals--pigs and broiler birds. BSSS was found to contain 12.2 to 14 g% proteins and 12.57 to 42.0 g% fats. When stored at 37 degrees C in nonsterile conditions its shelf life is but 24 hours, and at 4 degrees C it can be kept up to 10 days. It was tolerated well by rats, birds, and pigs when offered in fresh state. When mixed with other feed it did not lower the appetite of animals and could replace about 25-30 per cent of the daily protein ration. This, in turn, did not lead to changes in the white and red blood cell counts and in the biochemical composition of blood nor to changes in the internal organs and the striated muscles.

[Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of Pharmachim's lincomycin hydrochloride]. / Embriotoksichen i teratogenen efekt na linkomitsinov khidrokhlorid "Farmakhim".

Tested was the teratogenic and embryotoxic action of linkomycin hydrochloride with both placental and nonplacental animals. It was found that when applied twice, orally, to albino rats on the 4th day of pregnancy at the rate of 250 mg/kg body mass (=5 ED50), and once to chick embryos at 50 mg per egg the antibiotic raised the percent of pre- and postimplantation loss of embryos. In a series of applications (oral) from the 3rd up to the 19th day at 50 mg/kg body mass to rats as well as in a single application to chick embryos at 10, 20, and 50 mg per egg linkomycin showed no teratogenic effects.

[Organic solvents studied for their embryotoxic and teratogenic action on chick embryos]. / Prouchvane na niakoi organichni raztvoriteli za embriotoksichno i teratogenno deistvie pri kokoshi embrioni.

Tested were the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of some organic solvents (dioxane, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, and tween-80). The solvents were introduced into 3-day-old chick embryos at the rate of 0.1 cm3 in the yolk sac. With the exception of the 5th group (20 per cent ethylene glycol) in all other test groups mortality rate reached 100 per cent, manifested up to the 14th day. No teratogenic effects with expressed malformations were observed.

[Embryotoxic and teratogenic action of the organomercury fungicide falizan on chick embryos]. / Embriotoksichno i teratogenno deistvie na organozhivachniia fungitsid falizan na kokoshi embrioni.

Tested was the embryotoxic and teratogenic action of the organomercurial preparation falizan (a phenyl-mercury acetate), containing 2 per cent mercury, in chick embryos. It was introduced into the viteline sac of 3-day-old embryos in the form of a water solution as follows: Group I--0.1 cm3 per egg of a 13 per cent solution of falizan (= 260 micrograms Hg); group II--0.1 cm3 per egg of a 6.5 per cent solution (= 130 micrograms Hg); group III--0.1 cm3 per egg of redistilled water (biologic control); and group IV--the eggs were left untreated (negative control). The amount of the preparation was adjusted to eggs of 65 + 1 g weight. The optimal growth and development of the embryos was guaranteed with the use of an Optima hatching unit, providing humidity of up to 65 per cent = 89 F. The embryotoxic and teratogenic effect of the preparation was recorded on the 14th and the 20th day of incubation. A dose of 260 micrograms Hg was found to be strongly toxic, mortality rate reaching up to 48 per cent from the 7th to the 14th day. Teratogenically, there were no malformations in the test groups both on the 14th and the 20th day of embryogenesis.

[Dextrofer-100 with B12 and dextrofer-100--comparative pharmacological and clinico-pharmacological studies]. / Dekstrofer-100 s B12 i dekstrofer-100--sravnitelni farmakologichni i kliniko-farmakologichni izsledvaniia.

Comparative studies were carried out with dextrofer-100 with B12 and dextrofer-100 in terms of acute toxicity (albino mice), absorption (rabbits, pigs, and lambs), deposition of iron in the liver and spleen (rabbits, pigs, and lambs) and antianemic action (pigs and lambs). It was found that LD50 of dextrofer-100 with B12 at i/v introduction into 18-20-gram albino mice was 1750 mg Fe3+/kg body mass; with regard to toxicity it was shown to correspond to the British Veterinary Code. The toxicity of dextrofer-100, studied by the same test, was practically undeterminable. By the level of sideremia dextrofer-100 with B12 did not differ essentially from dextrofer-100 and was said to belong to preparations with rapid absorption. It was most rapidly absorbed in pigs, rabbits and lambs following next. It supplied enough iron to the reticuloendothelial organs--in pigs it was (on a percent basis) highest in the liver, and in lambs--in the spleen. In pigs on the 10th day following treatment with dextrofer-100 with B12 the liver was shown to have vitamin B12 5 times as much. By its antianemic effect at i/m application to newborn pigs and lambs dextrofer-100 with B12 did not differ essentially from dextrofer-100 (its action was negligibly broader), however, it was beneficial to the growth of pigs.

[Incidence and drug prevention of anemia in pigs in commercial swine breeding]. / Razprostranenie i lekarstvena profilaktika na anemiiata pri prasetata v promishlenoto svinevudstvo.

Studies were carried out to establish the severity of anemia in newborn pigs of sows under various raising technologies and some aspects of its drug prophylaxis. It was found that in the swine-breeding complexes that were investigated more than 50 per cent of the day-old piglets had the subclinical form of anemia (6 to 8 g% of hemoglobin content). With some raising technologies (tying the sows up to the feeders) about 17 per cent of the pigs were born with pathologic anemia (the hemoglobin content was below 6 g%). With the introduction of the new technologies the pigs were born with lower erythrocyte count of the blood. The decrease in the indices of the red blood picture (with some technologies there was also a drop of the serum iron) was seen in the sows too (better manifested when these were tied up to the feeders). The intamuscular injection of the fericin preparation of ferridextran, zinc, and vitamin B12 and B6 (doses of 4.0 g Fe3+) to the sows 21 days prior to farrowing neither hypochlorosis nor erythropenia of the newborns could be overcome. On the other hand, the i/m introduction in the thigh region of the preparation dextrofer-100 at the rate of 200 mg Fe3+ in a single injection to the newborns prevented anemia for 30 days. A second injection 7 days later of one more dose of the preparation did not bring about an essential improvement in the development of pigs. The single dose of 100 mg Fe per pig in the form of dextrofer-100 was not sufficient to produce an optimal antianemic effect.

[Comparative studies on the resorption, anti-anemic action and growth effect of FV-82 and dextrofer-100 on pigs]. / Sravnitelni izsledvaniia vurkhu rezorbtsiiata, protivoanemichnoto deistvie i vliianieto vurkhu rastezha na FV-82 i dekstrofer-100 pri praseta.

Comparative investigations were carried out on the absorption, antianemic action, and growth effect with newborn pigs with FB-82 and dextrofer-100 (an iron dextran complex with 100 mg Fe3+ per cm3) injected i/m. The FB-82 is a combined preparation of 3500000 IU Tylosine tartrate, 0.008 g cyanocobalamin, 0.5 g pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.1 g tartaric acid, and iron dextran up to 100 cm3 (= 100 mg Fe3+/cm3). Dextrofer-100 enriched with 50 mg Zn, 0.5 mg Co, 200 micrograms cyanocobalamin, and 100 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride for 100 cm3 under the compound name of fericin was also used to compare the anti-anemic effect of FB-82 and dextrofer-100. It was found that FB-82 applied to newborn pigs in a single dose of 2 cm3, i/m, was well absorbed; it developed high concentrations of tylosine in the plasma, and its sideremia and antianemic action were similar to those induced by an equivalent (with regard to iron) amount of dextrofer-100, whereas the result concerning the hematocrit value was better. Compared to dextrofer-100 the FB-82 preparation have better protection to pigs (lowered the mortality rate) and induced better development of the animals. Fericin did not differ essentially from FB-82 in terms of its effect on the red blood picture, however, the percent of protected pigs was lower.