RESUMEN
Oriental theileriosis caused by Theileria orientalis, previously considered a benign disease, is posing a significant threat to the livestock industry across the globe. To elucidate the prevalence of Theileria orientalis in ticks and their host, the Mithun, a comprehensive study was undertaken in the two northeastern states of India, viz. Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 340 of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and 25 Ambylomma sp. ticks were screened for the presence of Theileria orientalis through PCR. Among the R. microplus ticks examined, 25 of them tested positive for T. orientalis infection whereas none of the Amblyomma ticks was positive. Additionally, a total of 275 blood samples were collected from Mithun from Arunachal and Nagaland and 31 animals were found to be positive for T. orientalis infection. Notably, six positive cases were identified in Porba (Phek district), six in Tening, and one in Bamsiakilwa village (Peren district) of Nagaland. Moreover, out of the 41 animals examined at Medziphema farms, Nagaland, 18 were found to be positive for T. orientalis infection. Moreover, the phylogenetic investigation has unveiled the presence of the highly pathogenic Type 2 (Ikeda) T. orientalis genotype in Mithun, supported by a strong bootstrap value of 100%. This study marks the initial documentation of oriental theileriosis in mithun. It underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and active surveillance of mithun populations in the northeastern states of India. Timely treatment of infected animals is imperative to avert economic losses for the farmers.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Theileria , Theileriosis , Animales , Bovinos , Theileria/genética , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Filogenia , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , GenotipoRESUMEN
Mecistocirrus digitatus and Toxocara vitulorum are common pathogenic nematode parasites of mithun (Bos frontalis). Species identification by morphological features was confirmed by molecular identification of M. digitatus and T. vitulorum. The internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region and beta tubulin gene of M. digitatus were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified and sequenced. ITS-2 sequence analysis showed 100% homology with other isolates of M. digitatus and 83% identity with Haemonchus contortus and H. placei, respectively. Likewise, ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences of T. vitulorum were PCR amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis of these internal transcribed spacers from five worms of the parasite from mithun showed no intraspecific variations with T. vitulorum isolates from domestic ruminants.
RESUMEN
Mithun is a strongly built hill animal of Southeast Asia and plays an important role in the socio-economic and cultural life of the tribal population. Setaria digitata isolated from peritoneal cavity of mithun both from Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland were characterized based on conserved region of 12SrDNA, 28SrDNA and ITS-2 and mitochondrial gene CoxI. Based on sequence analysis, it was found to be 99% similarity with Srilankan isolate of S. digitata.
Asunto(s)
Rumiantes/parasitología , Setaria (Nematodo)/clasificación , Setaria (Nematodo)/genética , Setariasis/parasitología , Animales , ADN de Helmintos/química , ADN de Helmintos/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/química , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , India , Cavidad Peritoneal/parasitología , ARN Ribosómico/química , ARN Ribosómico/genética , ARN Ribosómico 28S/química , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Setaria (Nematodo)/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Ribosomal DNA sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and 28S ribosomal DNA (618 bp) of Fasciola gigantica collected from cattle and buffaloes from four different geographical locations of India, were characterized for genotyping. ITS-2 sequence was analyzed in 28 worms that was typical of F. gigantica and differed at six positions, with one of these being a distinguishing deletion (T) at the 327th position in F. gigantica relative to F. hepatica. However, Fasciola specimens also showed intraspecies sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2, with two different ITS-2 sequences existing in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) array within a single Fasciola worm. One of the sequences was identical to that of F. gigantica and the other showed extensive sequence polymorphism in the ITS-2. Using BspH1-restriction fragment length polymorphism, six variable ITS-2 sequences in F. gigantica were identified within these parasite specimens and were found distributed in these four geographical regions. 28S rDNA sequence of 24 flukes, collected from the above four geographical regions, showed a single nucleotide polymorphism at 284th nucleotide (G/A). Analyzing the sequence data of 28S rDNA of F. gigantica available from some African and Asian countries for this polymorphic 284th nucleotide position, it is proposed that there are two basic lineages of the F. gigantica for 28S rDNA existing in the fluke populations from five African and several Asian countries.
