Scoping Review of Racial and Ethnic Representation of Participants in Mental Health Research Conducted in the Perinatal Period During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the racial and ethnic representation of participants in mental health research conducted in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION: We included peer-reviewed research articles in which researchers reported mental health outcomes of women during the perinatal period who were living in the United States or Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. We included 25 articles in the final review. DATA EXTRACTION: We extracted the citation, publication date, design, aim, country of origin, participant characteristics, sampling method, method of measurement of race and ethnicity, and mental health outcome(s). DATA SYNTHESIS: The combined racial and ethnic representation of the 16,841 participants in the included studies was White (76.5%), Black (9.8%), other/multiracial (6.2%), Asian (3.9%), Hispanic/Latina (2.6%), Indigenous or Ethnic Minority Canadian (0.9%), and Native American or Alaska Native (0.1%). Most studies were conducted in the United States, used a cross-sectional design, and incorporated social media platforms to recruit participants. Depression, anxiety, and stress were the most frequently assessed mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION: Relatively few women of color who were pregnant or in the postpartum period during the pandemic participated in mental health research studies. Future studies should develop intentional recruitment strategies to increase participation of women of color. Researchers should use updated guidance on reporting race and ethnicity to accurately represent every participant, minimize misclassification of women of color, and report meaningful results.

Case Report: Novel Biallelic Variants in the COL18A1 Gene in a Chinese Family With Knobloch Syndrome.

Knobloch syndrome is a rare collagenopathy characterized by severe early onset myopia, retinal detachment, and occipital encephalocele with various additional manifestations due to biallelic changes in the COL18A1 gene. Here we reported a Chinese family with two affected siblings presented with antenatal occipital encephalocele, infantile onset retinal detachment, and pronounced high myopia at early childhood. Quartet whole exome sequencing was performed in this family and identified that both siblings carried novel compound heterozygous variants in the COL18A1 gene (NM_001379500.1): the maternally inherited variant c.1222-1G>A at the consensus acceptor splice site of intron 8, and the paternally inherited frameshift variant c.3931_3932delinsT p.(Gly1311Serfs*25) in the last exon. Both patients had successful surgical treatment for the occipital encephalocele soon after birth. They had normal neurocognitive outcome and good general conditions examined at the age of 7 years old for the elder sister and 4 years old for the younger brother. The younger brother developed infantile onset retinal detachment at 7 months of age while the sister had high myopia without signs of retinal detachment until 7 years old. This report expands the phenotype and genotype spectrum of Knobloch syndrome with antenatal and postnatal findings.

Gods and monsters: Greek mythology and Christian references in the neurosurgical lexicon.

BACKGROUND: Myths and religion are belief systems centered around supernatural entities that attempt to explain the observed world and are of high importance to certain communities. The former is a collection of stories that belong to a cultural tradition and the latter are organized faiths that determine codes of ethics, rituals and philosophy. Deities or monstrous creatures in particular act as archetypes instructing an individual's conduct. References to them in Greek mythology and Christianity are frequently manifested in the modern neurosurgical vernacular. METHODS: A review of the medical literature was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE bibliographic databases. Publications from 1875 to 2021 related to neurosurgery or neuroanatomy with the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms mythology, religion, Christianity and Catholicism were reviewed. References pertaining to supernatural beings were classified to either a deity or a monstrosity according to their conventional cultural context. RESULTS: Twelve narratives associated with neurosurgery were identified, nine relating to Greek mythology and three associated with the Christian-Catholic faith. Eight accounts concerned deities and the remaining with monstrous creatures. CONCLUSION: This article explores the etymology of commonly utilized terms in daily neurosurgical practice in the context of mythology and religion. They reveal the ingenuity and creativity of early pioneers who strived to understand the brain.

Three Years of Unmediated Document Delivery: An Analysis and Consideration of Collection Development Priorities.

Like most academic libraries, San José State University Library is struggling to meet users' rising expectations for immediate information within the financial confines of a flat budget. To address acquisition of nonsubscribed article content, particularly outside of business hours, San José State University Library implemented Copyright Clearance Center's Get It Now, a document delivery service. Three academic years of analyzed data, which involves more than 10,000 requests, and the subsequent collection development actions taken by the library will be discussed. The value and challenges of patron-driven, unmediated document delivery services in conjunction with traditional document delivery services will be considered.

Impact of an elective course on pharmacy students' attitudes, beliefs, and competency regarding Medicare Part D.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of an elective course on pharmacy students' perceptions, knowledge, and confidence regarding Medicare Part D, medication therapy management (MTM), and immunizations. DESIGN: Thirty-three pharmacy students were enrolled in a Medicare Part D elective course that included both classroom instruction and experiential training. ASSESSMENT: Students' self-reported confidence in and knowledge of Part D significantly improved upon course completion. End-of-course student perceptions about the relative importance of various aspects of MTM interventions and their confidence in performing MTM services significantly improved from those at the beginning of the course. Students' confidence in performing immunizations also increased significantly from the start of the course. CONCLUSION: A classroom course covering Medicare Part D with an experiential requirement serving beneficiaries can improve students' attitudes and knowledge about Medicare Part D and their confidence in providing related services to beneficiaries in the community.