A Rare and Intriguing Case Report of Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma.

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of both epithelial and mesenchymal components within the tumor. Its clinical and radiological appearance is comparable to other types of breast cancer, but it grows rapidly. The diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma is largely based on the epithelial origin of the cells confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Compared to invasive ductal carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma has a worse overall survival rate. Any patient with a rapidly growing breast mass should be assessed with suspicion of sarcomatoid or metaplastic malignant neoplasm. We report this case due to its rarity and the complex nature of the disease.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Intraoperative Frozen Section Analysis in Correlation with Histopathological Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors in a Tertiary Care Center - A Retrospective Study.

Treatment plan for ovarian neoplasms differs for benign, borderline and malignant tumors. With a turnaround time of 15-20 minutes, frozen section has become a reliable intraoperative diagnostic tool. The aim of this study is to correlate the frozen section diagnosis with subsequent histopathologic diagnosis and determine the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis. The study included 152 ovarian tumors, the overall accuracy of frozen section in diagnosing malignancy was 99.34%, whereas that for benign and borderline tumors were 97.37% and 96.71% respectively. However, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for borderline tumors and mucinous tumors were found to be low.

A Clinicopathological Study of Paediatric Liver Tumours in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Paediatric primary liver tumours are the third largest group of solid abdominal neoplasms in children next to neuroblastoma and Wilms tumour, accounting for about 0.5% to 2% of all paediatric neoplasms, in which hepatoblastoma is the most common. AIM: The present study was done to estimate the incidence of paediatric liver tumours over a period of five years and also, to study the clinical behaviour, alpha-fetoprotein correlation and histopathological features of paediatric liver tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The details of patients treated for paediatric liver tumours for a period of five years were retrospectively retrieved from the tumour board and medical records. The gross features and all the slides were reviewed and the pathologic diagnosis was confirmed and clinicopathological correlation was then done. RESULTS: A total of 39 paediatric liver tumours were detected during five years, of which 32 (82%) were malignant and seven (18%) were benign with a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. Hepatoblastoma was the most common liver tumour accounting for 28 cases (71.8%), of which 25 cases (89.4%) were of pure epithelial type. The second most common primary tumour was epithelioid haemangioendothelioma with six cases (15.4%) with female preponderance, followed by two cases each of hepatocellular carcinoma and undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma and one case of hepatocellular adenoma. Serum AFP level was increased in hepatoblastoma and in hepatocellular carcinoma, normal in hepatocellular adenoma and embryonal sarcoma. Serum AFP level was increased in few cases of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. CONCLUSION: The spectrum of liver tumours in children is different from that in the adults. Hepatoblastoma is the most common paediatric liver tumour, followed by epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. Through better understanding of pathological diagnosis, refined surgical staging, newer and more effective radiological techniques and standardized multimodal therapies, a substantial number of children diagnosed with this highly malignant tumour can expect to survive the disease.

Recurrent Diffuse Neurofibroma of Nose Associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature.

Diffuse neurofibroma is an unusual variant of neurofibroma with the head and neck being the common sites of involvement. It is benign in nature and spreads superficially and has many ectatic blood vessels. Histologically it is similar to conventional neurofibromas except for a few peculiar distinguishing features. We report a case of a 14-year-old boy who presented with a diffuse recurrent painless swelling over the dorsum of the nose with the clinical stigmata of neurofibromatosis. Microscopy revealed a diagnosis of diffuse neurofibroma with a few foci showing differentiation towards Meissner's type of tactile corpuscles. It is important to recognize this entity as it has a tendency to recur, yet hardly ever become malignant and is almost always associated with neurofibromatosis type 1.