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1.
Int J Audiol ; : 1-10, 2024 Jan 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38251843

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Approximately 30-50% of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients show poor response to systemic steroid therapy. Additionally, the most appropriate treatment for patients with refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss (RSSNHL) is unknown. This study aimed to explore the best treatment for RSSNHL. DESIGN: Using a frequentist contrast-based model and PRISMA guidelines, this study compared five salvage regimes: intratympanic injection of steroids (ITS), hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, post auricle steroid injection (PSI), ITS combined with HBO therapy, and continued systemic steroids. STUDY SAMPLE: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for randomised controlled trials and cohort studies comparing treatment regimens for RSSNHL. RESULTS: Compared with the control group (no additional treatment), PSI and ITS demonstrated significant improvements. The mean hearing gain was greater after PSI (11.1 dB [95% CI, 4.4-17.9]) than after ITS (7.7 dB [95% CI, 4.8-10.7]). When a restricted definition of RSSNHL was used, the ITS + HBO therapy showed the largest difference in improvement for pure tone average compared with the control group (14.5 dB [95% CI, 4.2-25.0]). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of either PSI or ITS leads to the greatest therapeutic effect in patients with RSSNHL. However, a consensus on the definition of RSSNHL is needed.

2.
J Prosthet Dent ; 129(5): 676-680, 2023 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34489088

RESUMEN

A 21-year-old woman with multiple congenitally missing maxillary anterior teeth received interdisciplinary treatment to restore function and esthetics. The treatment was initiated with orthodontic treatment, followed by implant placement, bone and soft-tissue augmentation, and prosthetic treatment including a screw-retained implant-supported 2-unit cantilever fixed dental prosthesis.


Asunto(s)
Anodoncia , Implantes Dentales , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Anodoncia/cirugía , Prótesis Dental de Soporte Implantado , Estética Dental , Tornillos Óseos
3.
J Dent Sci ; 17(4): 1788-1795, 2022 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36299334

RESUMEN

Background/purpose: In orthodontic applications, NiTi wires are under continuous bending stress and exposed to fluctuations in temperature over long durations. The sensitivity of NiTi to temperature can have a considerable influence on its mechanical properties. This study investigated the effects of deflected NiTi wire, presented in stress-induced (detwinned) martensite microstructure, combined with thermal cycle on the microstructure and mechanical properties. Materials and methods: We tested four types of as-received orthodontic NiTi: (1) Nitinol Classic (3 M Unitek), (2) Sentalloy (Tomy), (3) 27 °C CuNiTi (Ormco) and (4) 40 °C CuNiTi (Ormco). Each group of specimens was subjected to three different testing conditions: (1) temperature fluctuations (5000 cycles) between 5 and 55 °C, (2) continuous three-point bending force and (3) combination of thermal cycling and bending stress. Results: The specimens that underwent thermocycling as well as loading exhibited a substantial narrowing in stress hysteresis, which may be attributed to crystallinity lower than that of as-received NiTi wires. Reduced crystallinity can manifest in a number of imperfections, such as dislocations and internal stress, as well as a less-organized structure. Micro X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the existence of martensite phase in Sentalloy wires subject to thermal and stress conditions. Under loading conditions, stress-induced martensite of NiTi wires exposed to temperature fluctuations of 5-55 °C also induced cyclic changes in bending stress. In a simulated intra-oral environment, the stability of austenite↔martensite transformation decreased. Conclusion: This study determined that bending stress in conjunction with repeated temperature fluctuations can greatly affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of NiTi wires.

4.
PLoS One ; 16(10): e0259269, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34714885

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Women not only have worse diabetes complications, but also have menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause which can make managing diabetes more difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate if radial pressure wave analysis may non-invasively screen for women's risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Spectrum analysis of the radial pressure wave was performed to evaluate the first five harmonic components, C1 to C5. The study consisted of a total of 808 non-pregnant female subjects aged 20-95 over the period of 4 years, and 404 of them were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes as the case group. RESULT: The first five harmonic components are significantly different in a comparison of the case group and the control group. In the logistic regression analysis, T2DM was found to be associated with C1 (OR = 1.055, CI = 1.037-1.074, p < 0.001), C2 (OR = 1.051, CI = 1.019-1.085, p = 0.002), and C3 (OR = 0.972, CI = 0.950-0.994, p = 0.013). In the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, the Area Under Curve of using C3 only (70%, p <0.05), weighted C1, C2 and C3, (75%, p < 0.05), and weighted C1, C2 and C3 and Body mass Index (84%, p <0.05) were tested for the accuracy on how well these tests separate the women into the groups with and without the T2DM. CONCLUSION: We thus concluded that pulse spectrum was a non-invasive predictor for women's risk of T2DM.


Asunto(s)
Presión Arterial , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso/métodos , Arteria Radial/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad
5.
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol ; 60(5): 888-893, 2021 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34507667

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy and menopause are significant life events associated with major changes in female hormone levels and changes in cardiovascular health. The role of estrogen in influencing cardiovascular risk is an ongoing research topic. Many studies have provided evidence that radial pressure wave characteristics are an important indicator to consistently and independently predict cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate if radial pressure wave analysis provided statistical insights into the physiological variations due to pregnancy and menopause. Furthermore, the study investigated how these variations could serve as an indicator for cardiovascular risks. As the radial pulse measurement is non-invasive and speedy, it may be helpful in evaluating cardiovascular changes and risk during these transitions. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 702 randomly selected female subjects (90 pregnant and 97 post-menopausal), aged 20-59, enrolled in the study. The visit measured the subject's hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and radial pressure waves. SBP and DBP were evaluated by an automatic blood pressure monitor. Radial pressure wave data were continuously recorded for 12-s using a TD01C pulse measuring instrument. Spectrum analysis of the radial pressure wave was performed to evaluate the first five harmonic components (C1-C5). RESULTS: A comparison of pregnant women to non-pregnant women showed C3 and C5 were lower. Heart rate C2 and C4 were higher in pregnant women. A comparison of women pre-menopausal and post-menopausal showed no significant difference in SBP or DBP. Menopause significantly changed the C1 and C4 radial pressure wave harmonics. An increase in C1 and a decrease in C4 were observed. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: This study provided further clinical evidence to support the hemodynamic model that describes the cardiovascular changes and risks related to the harmonic components of the pulse spectrum. Beyond blood pressure, the effects of menopause on the radial pressure wave, especially on hemodynamic index C4, independent of age and BMI, may explain increased post-menopausal cardiovascular risk. This and past studies collectively suggest that radial pressure wave components may be an indicator of a female body's ability to supply oxygen and nutrients. Harmonic analysis of the radial pressure wave may provide additional insights into the underlying mechanism of the cardiovascular changes over the lifespan of a woman.


Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Flujo Pulsátil/fisiología , Arteria Radial/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Menopausia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Perimenopausia , Embarazo , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso
6.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 100(32): e26901, 2021 Aug 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34397918

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the time trend variation in the surgical volume and prognostic outcome of patients with lung cancer after the gradual prolonged implementation of a low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening program.Using the hospital-based cancer registry data on number of patients with lung cancer and deaths from 2008 to 2017, we conducted a retrospective study using a hospital-based cohort to investigate the relationship between changes in lung cancer surgical volume, the proportion of lung-sparing surgery, and prolonged prognostic outcomes after the gradual implementation of the LDCT lung cancer screening program in recent years.From 2008 to 2017, 3251 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer according to the hospital-based cancer registry. The 5-year mortality rate decreased gradually from 83.54% to 69.44% between 2008 and 2017. The volume of total lung cancer surgical procedures and proportion of lung-sparing surgery performed gradually increased significantly from 2008 to 2017, especially from 2014 to 2017 after implementation of a large volume of LDCT lung cancer screening examinations. In conclusion, our real-world data suggest that there will be an increase in cases of operable early-stage lung cancers, which in turn will increase the surgical volume and proportion of lung-sparing surgery, after the gradual implementation of the LDCT lung cancer screening program in recent years. These findings suggest the importance of a successful national policy regarding LDCT screening programs, regulation of shortage of thoracic surgeons, thoracic radiologist workforce training positions, and education programs.


Asunto(s)
Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Fuerza Laboral en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Neumonectomía/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Dosis de Radiación , Estudios Retrospectivos
7.
J Dent Sci ; 16(2): 636-642, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33854713

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The palate has become a popular site for the placement of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) owing to its bone quantity and quality. This study aimed to investigate total and cortical bone thicknesses in the whole palate as well as palatal width using a standard grid system and cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CBCT images of 43 samples were selected. The total bone and cortical bone thicknesses of the palate were surveyed on 64 points per patient. The palatal width was measured. The difference between the age and sex groups was analyzed. RESULTS: The total palatal bone thickness in the adult group ranged from 9.85 ±â€¯2.04 to 1.87 ±â€¯0.79 mm. In the adolescent group, we found one-third of the incisor roots in the area 3 mm distal to the incisive foramen and 8 mm lateral to the mid-palatal suture. The cortical bone thickness in adults was significantly thicker in the posterior paramedian area than that in adolescents. CONCLUSION: The thickest vertical bone is located in the zone 3 mm distal to the incisive foramen and 4-8 mm lateral to the midpalate. The zone 6 mm posterior to the incisive foramen and 2-8 mm lateral to the midpalate exhibited optimal thickness and was away from the incisor roots. This region could be a safe zone for adolescent patients to place TADs. When TADs are to be inserted at the posterior palate, the 2-mm paramedian area should be the first region of choice.

9.
Nanomaterials (Basel) ; 9(2)2019 Feb 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30717496

RESUMEN

Magnetic nanoparticles are used to enhance the image contrast of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the development of magnetic nanoparticles with a low dose/high image contrast and non-toxicity is currently a major challenge. In this study, cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles deposited on titanium (Ti-CoHA) and cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles deposited on titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT-CoHA) were synthesized by the electrochemical deposition method. The particle sizes of Ti-CoHA and TNT-CoHA were 418.6 nm and 127.5 nm, respectively, as observed using FE-SEM. It was shown that CoHA can be obtained with a smaller particle size using a titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) electrode plate. However, the particle size of TNT-CoHA is smaller than that of Ti-CoHA. The crystal size of the internal cobalt oxide of CoHA was calculated by using an XRD pattern. The results indicate that the crystal size of cobalt oxide in TNT-CoHA is larger than that of the cobalt oxide in Ti-CoHA. The larger crystal size of the cobalt oxide in TNT-CoHA makes the saturation magnetization (Ms) of TNT-CoHA 12.6 times higher than that of Ti-CoHA. The contrast in MRIs is related to the magnetic properties of the particles. Therefore, TNT-CoHA has good image contrast at low concentrations in T2 images. The relaxivity coefficient of the CoHA was higher for TNT-CoHA (340.3 mM-1s-1) than Ti-CoHA (211.7 mM-1s-1), and both were higher than the commercial iron nanoparticles (103.0 mM-1s-1). We showed that the TNT substrate caused an increase in the size of the cobalt oxide crystal of TNT-CoHA, thus effectively improving the magnetic field strength and MRI image recognition. It was also shown that the relaxivity coefficient rose with the Ms. Evaluation of biocompatibility of CoHA using human osteosarcoma cells (MG63) indicated no toxic effects. On the other hand, CoHA had an excellent antibacterial effect, as shown by E. coli evaluation, and the effect of TNT-CoHA powder was higher than that of Ti-CoHA powder. In summary, TNT-CoHA deposited electrochemically on the TNT substrates can be considered as a potential candidate for the application as an MRI contrast agent. This paper is a comparative study of how different electrode plates affect the magnetic and MRI image contrast of cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite (CoHA) nanomaterials.

10.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 76(3): 503.e1-503.e8, 2018 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29125931

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: We propose a 2-stage orthodontic lower third molar extraction procedure to reduce iatrogenic inferior alveolar nerve injury. We tested our hypothesis that there are factors that can predict both dislodgement of the root portion and limited traction distances. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients (mean age, 25.7 years; age range, 17 to 65 years) with 20 lower third molars were enrolled. Panoramic films and cone beam computed tomography were analyzed. Dislodgement of the root portion, traction distance, duration of the orthodontic phase, and postoperative complications were documented. The predictive factors were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS: Three teeth had dislodgements of the root portion. The mean traction duration was 59.2 days (range, 33 to 77 days), and the mean traction distance was 2.60 mm (range, 0.27 to 5.20 mm). Root apex cortical bone indentation and root curvature were significantly associated with traction distance. Pulpitis symptoms were documented in 1 tooth, and no postoperative nerve disturbances occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed 2-stage orthodontic lower third molar extraction procedure reduced iatrogenic inferior alveolar nerve injury. Cortical bone indentation and root curvature predicted dislodgement of the root portion and limited traction distances.


Asunto(s)
Tercer Molar/cirugía , Extracción Dental/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tercer Molar/diagnóstico por imagen , Evaluación de Procesos y Resultados en Atención de Salud , Radiografía Panorámica , Extracción Dental/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Traumatismos del Nervio Trigémino/prevención & control , Adulto Joven
11.
Brain Behav Immun ; 66: 230-243, 2017 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28690034

RESUMEN

Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis. Although brain pericytes show regulatory effects on neuroinflammation, their involvement in Japanese encephalitis-associated neuroinflammation is not understood. Here, we demonstrated that brain microvascular pericytes could be an alternative cellular source for the induction and/or amplification of neuroinflammation caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. Infection of cultured pericytes with JEV caused profound production of IL-6, RANTES, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Mechanistic studies revealed that JEV infection elicited an elevation of the toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)/MyD88 signaling axis, leading to the activation of NF-κB through IKK signaling and p65 phosphorylation as well as cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) via phosphorylation. We further demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) could be an alternative regulator in transducing signals to NF-κB, CREB, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) through the phosphorylation mechanism. Released IL-6 and RANTES played an active role in the disruption of endothelial barrier integrity and leukocyte chemotaxis, respectively. cPLA2/PGE2 had a role in activating NF-κB and CREB DNA-binding activities and inflammatory cytokine transcription via the EP2/cAMP/PKA mechanism in an autocrine loop. These inflammatory responses and biochemical events were also detected in the brain of JEV-infected mice. The current findings suggest that pericytes might have pathological relevance in Japanese encephalitis-associated neuroinflammation through a TLR7-related mechanism. The consequences of pericyte activation are their ability to initiate and/or amplify inflammatory cytokine expression by which cellular function of endothelial cells and leukocytes are regulated in favor of CNS infiltration by leukocytes.


Asunto(s)
Encefalitis Japonesa/genética , Encefalitis Japonesa/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Pericitos/metabolismo , Pericitos/virología , Animales , Línea Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie) , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Transducción de Señal , Regulación hacia Arriba
12.
Cell Transplant ; 25(3): 559-74, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26300431

RESUMEN

A novel approach of making a biomimetic nerve conduit was established by seeding adipose-derived adult stem cells (ADSCs) on the external wall of porous poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA) nerve conduits. The PLA conduits were fabricated using gas foaming salt and solvent-nonsolvent phase conversion. We examined the effect of two different porous structures (GS and GL) on ADSC growth and proliferation. The GS conduits had better structural stability, permeability, and porosity, as well as better cell viability at 4, 7, and 10 days. The epineurial-like tissue was grown from ADSC-seeded conduits cultured for 7 days in vitro and then implanted into 10-mm rat sciatic nerve defects for evaluation. The regeneration capacity and functional recovery were evaluated by histological staining, electrophysiology, walking track, and functional gait analysis after 6 weeks of implantation. Experimental data indicated that the autograft and ADSC-seeded GS conduits had better functional recovery than the blank conduits and ADSC-seeded GL conduits. The area of regenerated nerve and number of myelinated axons quantified based on the histology also indicated that the autograft and AGS groups performed better than the other two groups. We suggested that ADSCs may interact with endogenous Schwann cells and release neurotrophic factors to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The design of the conduit may be critical for producing a biohybrid nerve conduit and to provide an epineurial-like support.


Asunto(s)
Células Madre Adultas/trasplante , Regeneración Tisular Dirigida/métodos , Regeneración Nerviosa , Poliésteres/química , Nervio Ciático/fisiología , Andamios del Tejido/química , Tejido Adiposo/citología , Células Madre Adultas/citología , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Proliferación Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Células Cultivadas , Masculino , Porosidad , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Nervio Ciático/lesiones , Nervio Ciático/patología
13.
Int J Cancer ; 138(6): 1401-9, 2016 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26488896

RESUMEN

Considerable attention has been focused on long-term use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medications in relation to increased risk of cancer via stimulation of DNA-damaged cells. The aim of this study is to examine the dose-dependent effect of PPI on periampullary cancers in a national population-based cohort. A nested case-control analysis was constructed based on Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and the Taiwan Cancer Registry between the years 2000 and 2010. Cases involving patients diagnosed with periampullary cancers were selected and controls were matched to cases according to age, sex and observational period. A "PPI user" was defined as any patient receiving more than 28 cumulative defined daily doses as measured by prescription drug claims. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to the level of PPI exposure. A total of 7,681 cases and 76,762 matched controls were included with a mean follow-up period of 6.6 years (SD: 2.0). The odds of PPI exposure in patients with periampullary cancers were higher than that of control patients with an adjusted OR of 1.35 (95% CIs: 1.16-1.57). Our results also showed that PPI exposure was slightly linked to periampullary cancers in dose-dependent manner. A similar association was observed in patients who solely took PPI but no eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Long-term PPI use was associated with an increased risk of periampullary cancers in the current population-based study. Physicians must weigh potential risks of long-term maintenance against therapeutic benefit.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Adenocarcinoma/etiología , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/etiología , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/efectos adversos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Comorbilidad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Vigilancia de la Población , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/administración & dosificación , Sistema de Registros , Riesgo , Taiwán/epidemiología
14.
Glia ; 63(11): 1915-1932, 2015 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25959931

RESUMEN

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) characteristics are induced and maintained by crosstalk between brain microvascular endothelial cells and neighboring cells. Using in vitro cell models, we previously found that a bystander effect was a cause for Japanese encephalitis-associated endothelial barrier disruption. Brain astrocytes, which neighbor BBB endothelial cells, play roles in the maintenance of BBB integrity. By extending the scope of relevant studies, a potential mechanism has been shown that the activation of neighboring astrocytes could be a cause of disruption of endothelial barrier integrity during the course of Japanese encephalitis viral (JEV) infection. JEV-infected astrocytes were found to release biologically active molecules that activated ubiquitin proteasome, degraded zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5, and disrupted endothelial barrier integrity in cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells. JEV infection caused astrocytes to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2/MMP-9). Our data demonstrated that VEGF and IL-6 released by JEV-infected astrocytes were critical for the proteasomal degradation of ZO-1 and the accompanying disruption of endothelial barrier integrity through the activation of Janus kinase-2 (Jak2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling as well as the induction of ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 component, n-recognin-1 (Ubr 1) in endothelial cells. MMP-induced endothelial barrier disruption was accompanied by MMP-mediated proteolytic degradation of claudin-5 and ubiquitin proteasome-mediated degradation of ZO-1 via extracellular VEGF release. Collectively, these data suggest that JEV infection could activate astrocytes and cause release of VEGF, IL-6, and MMP-2/MMP-9, thereby contributing, in a concerted action, to the induction of Japanese encephalitis-associated BBB breakdown. GLIA 2015;63:1915-1932.

16.
J Gastroenterol ; 50(3): 342-9, 2015 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24908097

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Volume of para-esophageal varices (PEV) correlates with esophageal varices recurrence. The effect of propranolol on volumetric change of PEV has not been studied. The relation between EV recurrence and volumetric change of PEV in patients undergoing endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) with and without propranolol are studied. METHODS: Sixty-six patients who achieved EV eradication by primary EVL were randomly allocated to a propranolol group (n = 33) or control group (n = 33). The endpoints of the study were EV recurrence and volumetric change of PEV assessed by using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) at 3-month intervals for 2 years. RESULTS: The cumulative probability of recurrence at two years was 28% in the propranolol group (n = 9) and 68% in the control group (n = 20) (p = 0.005, log-rank test). Difference of the volumetric change of PEV became significant as early as at the third month [-0.12 (-0.38-0.34) vs. 0.14 (-0.06-0.57), p < 0.001] between the two groups. Regression of PEV was achieved in 20 patients of the propranolol group at a median time of three months (range 3-12 months), and no EV recurrence was found at the end of follow-up for two years. On multivariate analysis, the volumetric change of PEV at the third month and use of propranolol were determinants of EV recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Propranolol may reduce both EV recurrence rate and volume of PEV in patients achieving endoscopic eradication. Regression of PEV is a predictor of durable eradication of EV without recurrence in patients using propranolol. EUS is an objective and useful tool to measure PEV and predict recurrence of EV.


Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Propranolol/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Endosonografía/métodos , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/patología , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/cirugía , Esofagoscopía/métodos , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Ligadura , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Propranolol/efectos adversos , Recurrencia , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento
17.
PLoS One ; 9(8): e104019, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25093502

RESUMEN

Novel nanocomposites based on type I collagen (Col) containing a small amount (17.4, 43.5, and 174 ppm) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, approximately 5 nm) were prepared in this study. The pure Col and Col-AuNP composites (Col-Au) were characterized by the UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interaction between Col and AuNPs was confirmed by infrared (IR) spectra. The effect of AuNPs on the biocompatibility of Col, evaluated by the proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as the activation of monocytes and platelets, was investigated. Results showed that Col-Au had better biocompatibility than Col. Upon stimulation by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), MSCs expressed the highest levels of αvß3 integrin/CXCR4, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) proteins when grown on the Col-Au (43.5 ppm) nanocomposite. Taken together, Col-Au nanocomposites may promote the proliferation and migration of MSCs and stimulate the endothelial cell differentiation. These results suggest that Col-Au may be used to construct tissue engineering scaffolds for vascular regeneration.


Asunto(s)
Colágeno/química , Endotelio Vascular/fisiología , Compuestos de Oro/química , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/fisiología , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Regeneración , Andamios del Tejido/química , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/farmacología , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/fisiología , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Oro/farmacología , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Nanocompuestos/química , Regeneración/efectos de los fármacos , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos
18.
J Virol ; 88(2): 1150-61, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24198423

RESUMEN

Though the compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a pathological hallmark of Japanese encephalitis-associated neurological sequelae, the underlying mechanisms and the specific cell types involved are not understood. BBB characteristics are induced and maintained by cross talk between brain microvascular endothelial cells and neighboring elements of the neurovascular unit. In this study, we show a potential mechanism of disruption of endothelial barrier integrity during the course of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection through the activation of neighboring pericytes. We found that cultured brain pericytes were susceptible to JEV infection but were without signs of remarkable cytotoxicity. JEV-infected pericytes were found to release biologically active molecules which activated ubiquitin proteasome, degraded zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and disrupted endothelial barrier integrity in cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells. Infection of pericytes with JEV was found to elicit elevated production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which contributed to the aforementioned endothelial changes. We further demonstrated that ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 component n-recognin-1 (Ubr 1) was a key upstream regulator which caused proteasomal degradation of ZO-1 downstream of IL-6 signaling. During JEV central nervous system trafficking, endothelial cells rather than pericytes are directly exposed to cell-free viruses in the peripheral bloodstream. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that subsequent to primary infection of endothelial cells, JEV infection of pericytes might contribute to the initiation and/or augmentation of Japanese encephalitis-associated BBB breakdown in concerted action with other unidentified barrier disrupting factors.


Asunto(s)
Barrera Hematoencefálica/virología , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/fisiología , Encefalitis Japonesa/virología , Células Endoteliales/virología , Pericitos/virología , Animales , Encefalitis Japonesa/genética , Encefalitis Japonesa/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Ratones , Pericitos/metabolismo , Proteolisis , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Proteína de la Zonula Occludens-1/genética , Proteína de la Zonula Occludens-1/metabolismo
19.
J Nutr Biochem ; 24(12): 2127-37, 2013 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24139673

RESUMEN

Cellular inflammatory response plays an important role in ischemic brain injury and anti-inflammatory treatments in stroke are beneficial. Dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) shows anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. However, its effectiveness and its precise modes of neuroprotective action remain incompletely understood. This study provides evidence of an alternative target for DHA and sheds light on the mechanism of its physiological benefits. We report a global inhibitory effect of 3 consecutive days of DHA preadministration on circulating and intracerebral cellular inflammatory responses in a rat model of permanent cerebral ischemia. DHA exhibited a neuroprotective effect against ischemic deficits by reduction of behavioral disturbance, brain infarction, edema and blood-brain barrier disruption. The results of enzymatic assay, Western blot, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis revealed that DHA reduced central macrophages/microglia activation, leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and peripheral leukocyte activation after cerebral ischemia. In parallel with these immunosuppressive phenomena, DHA attenuated post-stroke oxidative stress, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, c-Jun phosphorylation and activating protein-1 (AP-1) activation but further elevated ischemia-induced NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. DHA treatment also had an immunosuppressive effect in lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-stimulated glial cultures by attenuating JNK phosphorylation, c-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 activation and augmenting Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. In summary, we have shown that DHA exhibited neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects against ischemic brain injury and these effects were accompanied by decreased oxidative stress and JNK/AP-1 signaling as well as enhanced Nrf2/HO-1 expression.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Infarto Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Animales , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Masculino , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Microglía/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal
20.
J Chin Med Assoc ; 76(10): 539-46, 2013 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23880574

RESUMEN

Gastroesophageal varices bleeding is a major complication in patients with cirrhosis. Gastric varices (GVs) occur in approximately 20% of patients with portal hypertension. However, GV bleeding develops in only 25% of patients with GV and requires more transfusion and has higher mortality than esophageal variceal (EV) bleeding. The best strategy for managing acute GV bleeding is similar to that of acute EV bleeding, which involves airway protection, hemodynamic stabilization, and intensive care. Blood transfusion should be cautiously administered in order to avoid rebleeding. Vasoactive agents such as terlipressin or somatostatin should be used when GV bleeding is suspected. Routine use of prophylactic antibiotics reduces bacterial infection and lowers rebleeding rates. By administering endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection, the initial hemostasis rate achieved is at least 90% in most cases; the average mortality rate of GV bleeding is approximately 10-30% and the rebleeding rate is between 22% and 37%. Although endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate is superior to sclerotherapy and band ligation, and has remained the treatment of choice for treating acute GV bleeding, the outcome of this treatment is still unsatisfactory. New treatment options, such as thrombin injection, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, or balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, have shown promising results for acute GV bleeding. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the efficacy of these therapies with cyanoacrylate.


Asunto(s)
Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/complicaciones , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Enfermedad Aguda , Oclusión con Balón , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/clasificación , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/mortalidad , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Hipertensión Portal/fisiopatología , Derivación Portosistémica Intrahepática Transyugular , Recurrencia , Escleroterapia/métodos , Trombina/uso terapéutico
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