RESUMEN
The reproduction of cultural systems in cases where cultural group selection may occur is typically incomplete, with only certain cultural traits being adopted by less successful cultural groups. Why a particular trait and not another is transmitted might not be explained by cultural group selection. We explore this issue through the case of religious syncretism.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Cultural , Fenotipo , Humanos , ReproducciónRESUMEN
Neurological manifestations due to copper deficiency include ataxic myeloneuropathy that resembles subacute combined degeneration due to B12 deficiency. We report our experience in the treatment of 10 patients with copper deficiency myeloneuropathy and conclude that copper supplementation leads to stabilization rather than improvement in the neurological deficits.
Asunto(s)
Cobre/administración & dosificación , Cobre/deficiencia , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/etiología , Administración Oral , Adulto , Anciano , Cobre/sangre , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The rat is an important animal model for human diseases and is widely used in physiology. In this article we present a new strategy for gene discovery based on the production of ESTs from serially subtracted and normalized cDNA libraries, and we describe its application for the development of a comprehensive nonredundant collection of rat ESTs. Our new strategy appears to yield substantially more EST clusters per ESTs sequenced than do previous approaches that did not use serial subtraction. However, multiple rounds of library subtraction resulted in high frequencies of otherwise rare internally primed cDNAs, defining the limits of this powerful approach. To date, we have generated >200,000 3' ESTs from >100 cDNA libraries representing a wide range of tissues and developmental stages of the laboratory rat. Most importantly, we have contributed to approximately 50,000 rat UniGene clusters. We have identified, arrayed, and derived 5' ESTs from >30,000 unique rat cDNA clones. Complete information, including radiation hybrid mapping data, is also maintained locally at http://genome.uiowa.edu/clcg.html. All of the sequences described in this article have been submitted to the dbEST division of the NCBI.
Asunto(s)
Genes/genética , Animales , ADN Complementario/genética , Etiquetas de Secuencia Expresada , Femenino , Biblioteca de Genes , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Poliadenilación/genética , Procesamiento Postranscripcional del ARN/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/estadística & datos numéricos , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
Congenital heart defects affect approximately 1,000,000 people in the United States, with 40,000 new births contributing to that number every year. A large percentage of these defects can be attributed to septal defects. We assembled a nonredundant collection of over 12,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a total of 30,000 ESTs, with the ultimate goal of identifying spatially and/or temporally regulated genes during heart septation. These ESTs were compiled from nonnormalized, normalized, and serially subtracted cDNA libraries derived from two sets of tissue samples. The first includes microdissected rat hearts from embryonic (E) days E13, E15, and E16.5-E18.5 and adult heart. The second includes hearts from embryonic days E17, E19, and E21 and postnatal (P) days P1, P12, P74, and P200. Over 6,000 novel ESTs were identified in the libraries derived from these two sets of tissues, all of which have been contributed to the NCBI rat UniGene collection. It is anticipated that such EST and cDNA clone resources will prove invaluable to gene expression studies aimed at the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying heart septation defects.
