RESUMEN
With the global whisky market reaching $65.6 billion in 2024 and projected to reach $89.48 billion by the end of 2029, the incentives for fraud in relation to (and adulteration of) this alcoholic beverage are self-evident. Law enforcement agencies worldwide have taken actions against crimes of this nature, with forensic scientists playing crucial roles (mainly through expert testimonies on sample authenticities) during legal proceedings. Important issues associated with Scotch whisky authentication include: (a) understanding the typical manufacturing process; (b) acquisition of reference samples; and (c) effective utilization of instrumentations to characterize features derived from the manufacturing process and strategic approaches for the interpretation of analytical findings. Following a brief review of the definition/classification, manufacturing, and adulteration/counterfeiting of Scotch whiskies, this review focuses on the characterization of manufacturing-derived features and interpretation of analytical findings as grouped into: (a) quantitative analysis of single compounds; (b) qualitative analysis and intensity ratio of multiple compounds; (c) chemometric analysis of selected multi-compounds; and (d) quantitative analysis of selected elements. Finally, a flowchart for conducting the authentication process, from various significantly different perspectives, is proposed.
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Bebidas Alcohólicas , Humanos , Bebidas Alcohólicas/análisis , Fraude , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Ciencias ForensesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report the relative efficacy of combining phacoemulsification with a Schlemm's canal microstent (Phaco/Hydrus) or dual blade trabecular excision (Phaco/KDB). DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-one eyes of 131 patients who underwent Phaco/Hydrus or Phaco/KDB procedures from January 2016 to July 2021 at a tertiary care center were included and assessed for up to 36months postoperatively. Primary outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of glaucoma medications, evaluated by generalized estimating equations (GEE). Two Kaplan-Meier estimates (KM) assessed survival without additional intervention or pressure lowering medication while maintaining: (1) IOP≤21mmHg and≥20% IOP reduction or (2) IOP≤preoperatively designated goal. RESULTS: Mean preoperative IOP was 17.70±4.91 (SD) mmHg on 0.28±0.86 medications in the Phaco/Hydrus cohort (n=69) and 15.92±4.34mmHg on 0.19±0.70 medications in the Phaco/KDB cohort (n=62). At 12months, mean IOP was reduced to 14.98±2.77mmHg on 0.12±0.60 medications after Phaco/Hydrus and 13.52±4.13mmHg on 0.04±0.19 medications after Phaco/KDB. GEE models of IOP (P<0.001) and medication burden (P<0.05) showed significant patterns of reduction across all timepoints in both cohorts. There were no differences in IOP reduction (P=0.94), number of medications (P=0.95) or survival (P=0.72 by KM1, P=0.11 by KM2) between procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Both Phaco/Hydrus and Phaco/KDB resulted in significantly reduced IOP and medication burden for over 12months. Phaco/Hydrus and Phaco/KDB confer similar outcomes in terms of IOP, medication burden, survival, and procedural time in a population with predominantly mild and moderate open-angle glaucoma.
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Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto , Glaucoma , Hipotensión Ocular , Facoemulsificación , Trabeculectomía , Humanos , Facoemulsificación/efectos adversos , Facoemulsificación/métodos , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/complicaciones , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Canal de Schlemm , Trabeculectomía/métodos , Glaucoma/complicaciones , Glaucoma/cirugía , Presión Intraocular , Hipotensión Ocular/cirugíaRESUMEN
The organic content of municipal solid waste has long been an attractive source of renewable energy, mainly as a solid fuel in waste-to-energy plants. This study focuses on the potential to use microbial fuel cells to convert municipal solid waste organics into energy using various operational conditions. The results showed that two-chamber microbial fuel cells with carbon felt and carbon felt allocation had a higher maximal power density (20.12 and 30.47 mW m(-2) for 1.5 and 4 L, respectively) than those of other electrode plate allocations. Most two-chamber microbial fuel cells (1.5 and 4 L) had a higher maximal power density than single-chamber ones with corresponding electrode plate allocations. Municipal solid waste with alkali hydrolysis pre-treatment and K3Fe(CN)6 as an electron acceptor improved the maximal power density to 1817.88 mW m(-2) (~0.49% coulomb efficiency, from 0.05-0.49%). The maximal power density from experiments using individual 1.5 and 4 L two-chamber microbial fuel cells, and serial and parallel connections of 1.5 and 4 L two-chamber microbial fuel cells, was found to be in the order of individual 4 L (30.47 mW m(-2)) > serial connection of 1.5 and 4 L (27.75) > individual 1.5 L (20.12) > parallel connection of 1.5 and 4 L (17.04) two-chamber microbial fuel cells . The power density using municipal solid waste microbial fuel cells was compared with information in the literature and discussed.
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Electricidad , Residuos Sólidos , Fuentes de Energía Bioeléctrica , Aguas del AlcantarilladoRESUMEN
Three consecutive workers from the same foundry had Mycobacterium massiliense keratitis. The strains isolated from each patient were identical. This is the first report of a non-surgery-related outbreak of non-tuberculous mycobacterial ocular infection. An investigation revealed that injured cornea with exposure to aerosolized non-tuberculous mycobacteria might account for this outbreak.
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Brotes de Enfermedades , Queratitis/diagnóstico , Queratitis/epidemiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/epidemiología , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Lesiones de la Cornea/complicaciones , Lesiones de la Cornea/patología , Humanos , Queratitis/microbiología , Masculino , Instalaciones Industriales y de Fabricación , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Tipificación Molecular , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/microbiología , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/clasificación , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To define the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of PEP02, a novel liposome-encapsulated irinotecan, in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. METHODS: Patients were enrolled in cohorts of one to three to receive escalating dose of PEP02 in a phase I trial. PEP02, from 60 to 180 mg/m(2), was given as a 90-min intravenous infusion, every 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients were enrolled into three dose levels: 60 (one patient), 120 (six patients) and 180 mg/m(2) (four patients). DLT was observed in three patients, one at 120 mg/m(2) (grade 3 catheter-related infection) and two at 180 mg/m(2) (grade 4 neutropenia lasting for >3 days in one, grade 4 hematological toxicities and grade 4 diarrhea in the other). MTD was determined as 120 mg/m(2). Comparing with those after free-form irinotecan in the literature, the dose-normalized PK of SN-38 (the active metabolite) after PEP02 was characterized by lower C max, prolonged terminal half-life and higher AUC but with significant inter-individual variation. One patient who died of treatment-related toxicity had significantly higher C max and AUC levels of SN-38 than those of the other three patients at 180 mg/m(2). Post hoc pharmacogenetic study showed that the patient had a combined heterozygosity genotype of UGT1A1*6/*28. Two patients had objective tumor response. CONCLUSIONS: PEP02 apparently modified the PK parameters of irinotecan and SN-38 by liposome encapsulation. The MTD of PEP02 monotherapy at 3-week interval is 120 mg/m(2), which will be the recommended dose for future studies.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Glucuronosiltransferasa/genética , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacocinética , Área Bajo la Curva , Camptotecina/administración & dosificación , Camptotecina/efectos adversos , Camptotecina/farmacocinética , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Genotipo , Semivida , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Irinotecán , Liposomas , Masculino , Dosis Máxima Tolerada , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/patología , Farmacogenética , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator of complex biological processes, such as embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell fate decision and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that the deregulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling is frequently observed and leads to abnormal cell growth in human breast cancer cells. In this study, we identified a novel regulatory mechanism of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling through RARRES3 that targets and modulates the acylation status of Wnt proteins and co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, resulting in the suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties. Mutation of the conserved active site residues of RARRES3 indicates that RARRES3 serves as an acyl protein thioesterase that tethers its target proteins and modulates their acylation status. Furthermore, the functions of p53 in cell proliferation and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling are significantly associated with the induction of RARRES3. Thus our findings provide a new insight into the molecular link between p53, protein acylation and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling whereby RARRES3 plays a pivotal role in modulating the acylation status of signaling proteins.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Acilación , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
Peer support workers or peer experts are a new workforce in the mental health services of Hong Kong. As two of the few peer support workers in mental health services, we share our experience in working in a regional hospital. We share the amazing benefit of this new workforce to service users and service providers as well as the obstacles in the further development of this service. We hope our experience can help to examine the implementation of peer support services in Hong Kong. As this service is still in its preliminary stage in Hong Kong, we are looking forward to establish a win-win situation for both our peers and the service providers for the enhancement of mental health services in Hong Kong.
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Trastornos Mentales/rehabilitación , Grupo Paritario , Personal de Salud , Hong Kong , Humanos , Servicios de Salud Mental/organización & administración , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
To rapidly detect rifampin, isoniazid and multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, a new system (BluePoint MtbDR, Bio Concept Inc., Taichung, Taiwan) including an oligonucleotide array and an automatic reader was evaluated. The array simultaneously identifies M. tuberculosis and predominant mutations in the rpoB, katG and inhA upstream regulatory region (inhA-r) genes. The system was assessed with 324 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates, including 210 multidrug-resistant, 41 rifampin mono-resistant, 34 isoniazid mono-resistant and 39 fully susceptible isolates. The results were compared with those obtained using the GenoType MTBDRplus test, drug-resistant gene sequencing and conventional drug susceptibility testing. The detection limit of the array was 25 pg DNA. The array and the GenoType MTBDRplus test detected 179 (85.2%) and 182 (86.7%) multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, respectively. The sensitivities of the array for detecting rifampin and isoniazid resistance were 98.4% and 87.7%, respectively, whereas the sensitivities of the GenoType MTBDRplus test for detecting rifampin and isoniazid resistance were 98.8% and 88.9%, respectively. No significant difference was found between the tests with respect to their sensitivities to detect multidrug resistance (p 0.66), rifampin resistance (p 0.69) or isoniazid resistance (p 0.68). The discrepancies were mainly attributed to rare mutations in inhA-r, which were not included in the array. The array can directly reveal transmission-associated mutations, which are useful for epidemiological investigations. The turnaround time of the array test was 6-7 h. This study confirms the feasibility of using this system for rapid and accurate diagnosis of isoniazid and rifampin resistance in M. tuberculosis.
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Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/métodos , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Antituberculosos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Catalasa/genética , ARN Polimerasas Dirigidas por ADN/genética , Humanos , Isoniazida/farmacología , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Rifampin/farmacología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Factores de Tiempo , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) can be classified into 33 serotypes based on the structure of capsular polysaccharides. Recent research indicated that a new surface protein designated as Sao (surface antigen one) reacts with 30 serotypes of convalescent-phase sera during S. suis infections, which makes Sao a good potential antigen for developing S. suis vaccines. The objectives of this study were to produce recombinant Sao-L protein (rSao-L) from a strain of S. suis serotype 2 by a prokaryotic expression system in bioreactors and to use rSao-L as the antigen for a S. suis vaccine in mouse and swine models. The antibody titres in mice and pigs immunized with rSao-L were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. After challenge with live S. suis serotype 1 bacteria, the anatomical lesions in pigs immunized with rSao-L were reduced by 60%. These data indicated that immunization with rSao-L can confer cross-serotype protection against S. suis. Moreover, percentages of CD8(+) and CD4(+) /CD8(+) double-positive T cells in immunized pigs were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01). Using bioreactors to produce rSao-L as the antigen for S. suis vaccines may broaden protective efficacy and reduce production costs.
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Antígenos Bacterianos/biosíntesis , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/prevención & control , Vacunas Estreptocócicas/inmunología , Streptococcus suis/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/biosíntesis , Reactores Biológicos , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/inmunología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Multi-copy gene families are especially prevalent in the male-specific region (MSY) of the mammalian Y chromosome. Copy number variations (CNV) of these Y-linked gene families have been shown to affect human and animal fertility. The PRAMEY (Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma, Y-linked) gene family is a newly identified, bovid-specific Y-linked gene family, which codes for a cancer/testis antigen that is expressed predominantly in testis and various tumors. The PRAMEY gene family is believed to play an important role in spermatogenesis and male fertility in cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the CNV of PRAMEY within and across breeds and to determine whether CNV was associated with reproductive traits in Holstein bulls. A quantitative real-time PCR method was applied to measure the copy number of PRAMEY among 460 bulls using a Y-linked single copy gene, DDX3Y (DEAD box polypeptide 3, Y-linked), as a reference. The median copy number of PRAMEY was 13, ranging from 2 to 31. Significant variations in PRAMEY copy number were observed among 15 breeds investigated. Holstein bulls had the lowest median copy number (12), whereas Limousin bulls possessed the highest median copy number (26). Furthermore, bulls in the taurine lineage (13) had a significantly lower median copy number than those bulls in the indicine lineage (20). Association analysis revealed that PRAMEY copy number was correlated negatively with scrotal circumference (SC), relative scrotal circumference (RLSC), percentage of normal sperm (PNS), and nonreturn rate (NRR), but had no significant association with postthaw motility (PTM), incubated motility (IM), percentage of intact acrosome (PIA), sire conception rate (SCR), or relative breeding efficiency (RBE). The data from this study indicate that CNV of the PRAMEY gene family is associated with male reproductive traits and may serve as a valuable marker for sire fertility selection at an early age in cattle.
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Bovinos/genética , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Fertilidad , Animales , Cruzamiento , Bovinos/fisiología , Cromosomas de los Mamíferos , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Semen , Espermatogénesis , Testículo/fisiología , Cromosoma YRESUMEN
The new allele, HLA-B*07:162, is identical to HLA-B*07:12 in exon 2 but has a non-synonymous substitution at position 419 (A to C) in exon 3.
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Alelos , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Antígeno HLA-B7/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Exones/genética , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de Secuencia , Taiwán/etnologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TSHRAbs) are specific autoantibodies of Graves' disease (GD). They activate adenylate cyclase, induce thyroid growth, and cause an increased rate of thyroid hormone production and secretion. TSHRAbs levels are decreased by treatment and may predict recurrence when they persist. Theoretically, TSHRAbs levels should be related to intrathyroid vascularity (ITV) due to the autoimmunity and inflammation. We aimed to analyze the relationship between TSHRAbs represented by thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) levels and ITV measured by thyroid duplex sonography (TDS). PATIENTS: 56 GD patients were prospectively recruited. MEASUREMENTS: ITV, measured using TDS, was defined as follows: (average color-flow area in the right and left sides of the thyroid/total thyroid area in transverse view)×100. RESULTS: The average TBII level was 47.1% and average ITV was 27.24. ITV positively and significantly correlated with TBII (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TSHRAbs show significant correlation with ITV. This may help doctors to estimate thyroid autoimmune activity when they performing sonography at clinics.
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Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Enfermedad de Graves/sangre , Receptores de Tirotropina , Glándula Tiroides/irrigación sanguínea , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Femenino , Enfermedad de Graves/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Glándula Tiroides/inmunología , Glándula Tiroides/patologíaRESUMEN
Idiopathic pure sudomotor failure (IPSF) is a subgroup of acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis, which is characterized by early age of onset, acute or sudden onset, concomitant sharp pain or cholinergic urticaria over the entire body, absence of autonomic dysfunction other than generalized anhidrosis, raised serum IgE level, and marked response to steroid. The aetiology of IPSF is still not well understood, but is thought to be caused by interference in cholinergic transmission in the eccrine glands of skin. IPSF after viral infection has rarely been reported in the literature. We describe a patient who developed generalized anhidrosis and cholinergic urticaria accompanied by heat intolerance after infectious mononucleosis infection. This is the first such case, to our knowledge, and the patient was successfully treated with steroid pulse therapy.
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Hipohidrosis/etiología , Mononucleosis Infecciosa/complicaciones , Urticaria/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/efectos adversos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/inducido químicamente , Etopósido/efectos adversos , Mola Hidatiforme/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias , Neoplasias Uterinas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Vaginales/inducido químicamente , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Etopósido/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Neoplasias Vaginales/terapiaRESUMEN
We reviewed 776 patients who were culture positive for Aspergillus species at the hospital from 2000 to 2009. The isolates were collected for species identification by oligonucleotide hybridization and sequence analysis. A total of 96 cases of proven or probable IA were identified according to published criteria. The incidence of IA has increased significantly during the study period. Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus (41.7% each) were equally prevalent causative species. IA due to unusual species including A. nidulans (n=2), A. versicolor (n=2), and A. tubingensis (n=1) were also found. Among patients with IA, 55.2% had hematological disorder, 19.8% had underlying lung disorder, and 10.4% had autoimmune disease. The isolates species (P<0.001) and underlying disease (P<0.001) significantly affect the association of a positive culture with invasive disease. The overall mortality at three months was 62.5%, which remained stable throughout the study period. Multivariate analysis identified prior steroid use (P=0.007) as a significant risk factor for death, while surgery (P=0.030) and voriconazole (P=0.012) had protective effects. In conclusion, autoimmune disorders and underlying pulmonary diseases should also be considered as important predisposing factors of IA. Further emphasis on surgery and voriconazole in the management of IA might be beneficial.
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Aspergillus/clasificación , Aspergillus/aislamiento & purificación , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/epidemiología , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/microbiología , Centros Médicos Académicos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Incidencia , Lactante , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/mortalidad , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Taiwán/epidemiología , Triazoles/administración & dosificación , Voriconazol , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The prevalence of spirorchiid fluke infections of marine turtles is high and may cause the death of the hosts throughout their ranges. Virtually nothing has been reported regarding the infective status of sea turtles stranded on Taiwan. Between 2007 and 2010, 30 green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and 2 loggerhead turtles ( Caretta caretta ), stranded and dead, were examined for spirorchiid flukes and their eggs. Twenty-four of the green turtles were juveniles, and the stranded loggerhead turtles were subadults. Adult spirorchiid flukes were found in 13 green turtles but not in the loggerheads. Four species of flukes were identified, namely, Leardius learedi , Hapalotrema postorchis , H. mehrai , and Carettacola hawaiiensis . The main infection sites were the major arteries and heart. Seventy percent of the green turtles harbored spirorchiid eggs, but no eggs were found in loggerheads. The largest eggs with bipolar spines, type I eggs, were found in every case. Although more than half of the stranded turtles were infected, parasite infections were not the main cause of death in the green turtles. Fishery by-catch is probably responsible for the mortality of these stranded turtles.
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Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Tortugas/parasitología , Distribución por Edad , Animales , Aterosclerosis/parasitología , Aterosclerosis/veterinaria , Tracto Gastrointestinal/parasitología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/patología , Inflamación/parasitología , Inflamación/veterinaria , Riñón/parasitología , Riñón/patología , Hígado/parasitología , Hígado/patología , Pulmón/parasitología , Pulmón/patología , Prevalencia , Bazo/parasitología , Bazo/patología , Taiwán/epidemiología , Trombosis/parasitología , Trombosis/veterinaria , Trematodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/patologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a novel syringe-needle guidance technique (SNG), and its impact on the perioperative variables and outcomes of patients undergoing an outside-in transobturator tape procedure (TOT). Between November 2006 and May 2008, 48 consecutive women who underwent TOT with SNG were included. Another 25 women without SNG between March 2004 and October 2006 were included as a historical control. There were no significant differences in hospital stays and complication rates between the two groups. However, the operating time was shorter (mean 23.0 vs 28.3 min, p=0.008) in the SNG group than in the control group. The presence of the SNG technique was the sole predictor of the operating time (p=0.003). In conclusion, the SNG technique is a feasible method to provide help in inserting the tunneller of TOT through the transobturator foramen, and did not compromise the outcome.
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Cabestrillo Suburetral , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos/métodos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Agujas , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Jeringas , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
We used the IMNpRH2(12,000-rad) RH and IMpRH(7,000-rad) panels to integrate 2019 transcriptome (RNA-seq)-generated contigs with markers from the porcine genetic and radiation hybrid (RH) maps and bacterial artificial chromosome finger-printed contigs, into 1) parallel framework maps (LOD ≥ 10) on both panels for swine chromosome (SSC) 4, and 2) a high-resolution comparative map of SSC4, thus and human chromosomes (HSA) 1 and 8. A total of 573 loci were anchored and ordered on SSC4 closing gaps identified in the porcine sequence assembly Sscrofa9. Alignment of the SSC4 RH with the genetic map identified five microsatellites incorrectly mapped around the centromeric region in the genetic map. Further alignment of the RH and comparative maps with the genome sequence identified four additional regions of discrepancy that are also suggestive of errors in assembly, three of which were resolved through conserved synteny with blocks on HSA1 and HSA8.
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Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , Cromosomas de los Mamíferos/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Porcinos/genética , Animales , Cromosomas Artificiales Bacterianos , Quinasa 1 de Adhesión Focal/genética , Humanos , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Mapeo de Híbrido por Radiación , Especificidad de la Especie , Sintenía/genéticaRESUMEN
Avian pox viruses (APVs) have been reported to cause infection in diverse avian species worldwide. Herein we report the first case of APV infection in a free-living bird, a subadult crested serpent eagle (Spilornis cheela), in Taiwan. In addition to the typical wart-like lesions distributed on the cere, eyelid, and face, there were also yellowish nodules below the tongue and on the hard palate. Phylogenetic analysis of the 4b core protein gene showed that the APV is very close to that found in white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Japan recently. Because both cases are located on the same major flyway for migratory birds, the impact of this virus with regard to the wild and migratory raptor species along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and West Pacific Flyway requires immediate investigation.