Clinical outcome and urodynamic changes of tailored transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse: A mid-term 40 Months follow-up.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in clinical outcome and urodynamic parameters after tailored anterior transvaginal mesh (ATVM) surgeries in a mid-term follow-up. METHODS: Between November 2011 and December 2015, women with ≥stage II pelvic organ prolapse (POP) who underwent ATVM surgeries were retrospectively reviewed. The data-reviewing timeframe was until December 2021. Clinical and urodynamic diagnoses regarding urinary symptoms were evaluated before and after the operation. RESULTS: A total of 160 women were included. Stress urinary incontinence decreased significantly after the operation (99% (159/160) vs. 43% (68/160), p < 0.01), as well as the pad weight (20.5 ± 2.7 vs. 9.4 ± 2.0, p < 0.001) and diagnosis of urodynamic stress incontinence (83% (132/160) vs. 51% (82/160), p < 0.01). Overactive bladder syndrome increased significantly after the operation (18% (29/160) vs. 28% (45/160), p = 0.03), even though the objective parameters, such as first and strong desire to void, bladder oversensitivity, and detrusor overactivity, were all improved after the operation. The pad weight was mostly improved significantly within the first postoperative 2 years. Eighteen (11%) women had global recurrent POP, and only one (0.6%) woman had true recurrence of cystocele. Twenty-four (15%) women had mesh extrusion, and two-thirds of them could be managed in an office setting. CONCLUSION: In women with advanced cystocele, the ATVM surgery provides a favorable anatomic reduction outcome with an acceptable mesh extrusion rate. The ATVM provides an anti-incontinence effect, both in subjective symptoms and objective parameters, but this effect might decline after postoperative 2 years.

Cumulative incidence of urinary incontinence and associated factors during pregnancy and after childbirth: a cohort study.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study examined the associated factors (i.e., obstetric and maternal-newborn factors) related to cumulative incidence of urinary incontinence and changes in urinary incontinence during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. METHODS: This prospective, longitudinal, within-subject study included 501 women who completed the Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form during pre-pregnancy, early pregnancy, mid-pregnancy, and late pregnancy and at five time points during the first year postpartum. Data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, McNemar's and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. RESULTS: According to the multivariate analysis, the gestational week and number of previous vaginal deliveries increased the risk of cumulative incidence of urinary incontinence (CIUI) during pregnancy (both p < 0.05). Full-time employment, higher body mass index, vaginal delivery and UI during early pregnancy and mid-pregnancy increased the risk of CIUI during the first year postpartum (all p < 0.05). CIUI tended to increase throughout the entire pregnancy (p < 0.001) and decrease from 3 to 5 days to 6 months postpartum (p = 0.028). The prevalence rates of UI at all postpartum visits were lower than those during late pregnancy (p < 0.001-0.009) but higher than those during pre-pregnancy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results identified the change patterns in UI and the risk factors associated with CIUI during the entire pregnancy (i.e., gestational age and number of previous vaginal deliveries) and the first year postpartum (i.e., full-time work, higher body mass index, vaginal delivery and UI during early and mid-pregnancy). Appropriate counseling should be provided to women preparing for pregnancy and during the prenatal and postpartum periods.

Risk factors for stress and urge urinary incontinence during pregnancy and the first year postpartum: a prospective longitudinal study.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We examined obstetric and maternal-newborn factors and UI history for stress urinary incontinence (UI) and urge UI during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 1447 pregnant women who underwent prenatal examinations and completed an Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form before pregnancy, during early, mid- and late pregnancy, and at five visits during the first year postpartum. Data were analyzed using univariate/multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of stress UI during late pregnancy (42.5%) and urge UI at 3-5 days postpartum (10.4%) were the highest throughout pregnancy and the first year postpartum. After adjusting for covariates, gestational age increased the risks of stress UI (p < 0.001) and urge UI (p = 0.003); stress UI during pre-pregnancy, number of previous vaginal deliveries and concurrent high body mass index (BMI) increased stress UI (all p < 0.05); urge UI during pre-pregnancy and full-time work increased urge UI (both p < 0.05) during pregnancy. During the postpartum period, vaginal delivery increased stress UI (p < 0.001) and urge UI (p = 0.041); stress UI during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy, women aged ≥ 30 years and vacuum extraction/forceps delivery increased stress UI (all p < 0.05). Urge UI during early, mid- and late pregnancy increased stress UI (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gestational age increased stress and urge UI, while previous vaginal deliveries and high BMI increased stress UI; full-time work increased urge UI during pregnancy. Vaginal delivery increased both UIs, and vacuum/forceps delivery and maternal age increased stress UI during postpartum.

Ugonin J improves metabolic disorder and ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the AMPK/AKT signaling pathway.

Closely associated with visceral obesity, hepatic steatosis resulting from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exacerbates insulin resistance. Developing effective drugs to treat NAFLD is imperative. Here, we investigated the pharmacological mechanism of ugonin J (UJ) in controlling metabolic disorder and ameliorating NAFLD pathophysiology in diet-induced obese mice. The effects of UJ were assessed in 5-week-old C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. UJ treatment averted HFD-induced body weight gain by reducing fat deposition in adipose tissues and reduced HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic inflammation. UJ also improved HFD-induced glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Moreover, the mode of action of UJ was analyzed in palmitate (PA)-induced steatotic human HuS-E/2 hepatocytes and in hyperglycemia-simulating rat BRIN-BD11 pancreatic ß cells. In PA-induced steatotic human hepatocytes, UJ treatment promoted lipid clearance via pAMPK, pACC and CPT-1 upregulation and SREBP-1c downregulation. Interestingly, UJ upregulated Akt activity in hepatocytes and increased insulin secretion from ß cells in acute insulin secretion tests. Taken together, UJ improved adipocyte hypertrophy, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and fat deposition in livers. UJ also reduced fatty acid accumulation by modulating key metabolic regulators. Our findings demonstrated the therapeutic potential of UJ for the treatment of NAFLD and diet-induced metabolic disorders.

Prevalence of detrusor underactivity and bladder outlet obstruction in women with cystocele and changes in voiding function after cystocele repair.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of detrusor underactivity (DU) and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women with high-grade cystocele and the impacts of cystocele repair. METHODS: Between November 2010 and September 2018, women with ≥stage II cystocele were included. DU (detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (PdetQmax) < 20 cmH2O, maximum flow rate (Qmax) < 15 mL/s, and bladder voiding efficiency < 90%) and BOO (PdetQmax ≥ 40 cmH2O and Qmax < 12 mL/s) were diagnosed by urodynamic study (UDS). Women who underwent cystocele repair were further analyzed with preoperative and postoperative comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 623 women were included. Forty-four (7%) and 17 (3%) women were diagnosed with DU and BOO, respectively. Among the 314 operatively treated women, a significant increase in DU (7% vs. 15%, p = 0.0007), especially in those with stage III cystocele, and a slightly decreased rate of BOO were noted postoperatively. UDS revealed that the postvoid residual volume, functional profile length, maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), and pressure transmission ratio at the MUCP decreased significantly, as did the pad weight. Nearly all lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) improved significantly, except nocturnal enuresis. Among bladder diary parameters, nocturia episodes, daytime frequency, urgency episodes, and incontinence episodes decreased significantly after the operation. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates of DU and BOO in women with high-grade cystocele were 7% and 3%, respectively. After cystocele repair, the rate of DU increased. Most LUTS improved subjectively on questionnaires and objectively on UDS and bladder diary parameters after operation.

Predictors of an improvement in the severity of concomitant urodynamic stress incontinence after transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Factors affecting the anti-incontinence efficacy of a tailored anterior transvaginal mesh (ATVM) surgery are undetermined. Thus, our aim was to investigate predictors for anti-incontinence efficacy of this ATVM surgery. METHODS: Medical records of women with pelvic organ prolapse and concomitant evident or occult urodynamic stress incontinence, who underwent the ATVM surgery but without concomitant anti-incontinence surgery, were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 134 women were reviewed, including those who underwent ATVM only (n = 45), ATVM and posterior transvaginal mesh surgery (n = 88), and ATVM with total vaginal hysterectomy (n = 1). Multivariable analysis revealed that stage of cystocele (coefficient = 56.4), functional profile length (cm, coefficient = 61.1) and the score of general health perceptions in the King's Health Questionnaire (coefficient = -3.3) were independent predictors of the percentage change in pad weight from baseline. Seven (5.2%) women were found to have recurrent or persistent stress urinary incontinence, and 6 of the above 7 women underwent transobturator mid-urethral sling procedure. Free of further anti-incontinence surgery probabilities were 94.7% and 89.2% at 3 and 6 years after surgery, respectively. Functional profile length (hazard ratio = 2.61) was also identified as a predictor for further anti-incontinence surgery. CONCLUSION: Lesser degree of cystocele, shorter functional profile length and poorer general health perceptions were predictors of greater anti-incontinence effect after the tailored ATVM surgery. Besides, longer functional profile length was also a predictor for further anti-incontinence surgery after the ATVM surgery.

Helminthostachys zeylanica alleviates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and its associated health conditions, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are worldwide health problems. It has been shown that insulin resistance is associated with increased hepatic lipid and causes hepatic steatosis through a myriad of mechanisms, including inflammatory signaling. METHODS: Helminthostachys zeylanica (HZ) is used widely as a common herbal medicine to relieve fever symptoms and inflammatory diseases in Asia. In the present study, we evaluated whether HZ has therapeutic effects on obesity, NAFLD and insulin resistance. The protective effects of HZ extract were examined using free fatty acid-induced steatosis in human HuS-E/2 cells and a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. RESULTS: The major components of the HZ extract are ugonins J and K, confirmed by HPLC. Incubation of human hepatocytes, HuS-E/2 cells, with palmitate markedly increased lipid accumulation and treatment with the HZ extract significantly decreased lipid deposition and facilitated AMPK and ACC activation. After 12 weeks of a high-fat diet with HZ extract treatment, the HFD mice were protected from hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. HZ extract prevented body weight gain, adipose tissue expansion and adipocyte hypertrophy in the HFD mice. In addition, fat accumulation was reduced in mice livers. Moreover, the insulin sensitivity-associated index, which evaluates insulin function, was also significantly restored. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HZ has a promising pharmacological effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, which may have the potential for clinical application.

Comparison of clinical outcomes between tailored transvaginal mesh surgery and native tissue repair for pelvic organ prolapse.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The most suitable surgical technique for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of the tailored transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery and vaginal native tissue repair (NTR) surgery for POP. METHODS: Between November 2011 and August 2014, medical records of 339 women receiving POP surgeries were reviewed. RESULTS: Compared with the NTR group (n = 169), the use of TVM surgery (n = 170) was a predictor for longer operation time (coefficient = 25.2 min, P < 0.001) and larger blood loss (coefficient = 79.9 mL, P < 0.001) by multivariable analysis. However, a higher recurrence rate of cystoceles (log-rank test, P = 0.001) was found in the NTR group, compared with the TVM group; but not apical prolapse (P = 0.32) or rectocele (P = 0.45). Multivariable analysis revealed that the TVM surgery (hazard ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval = 0.09-0.64, P = 0.004) and old age (hazard ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.11, P = 0.005) were independent predictors for the recurrence of cystoceles. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the cut-off age value was 64 years with an ROC area of 0.65. In women with intact uterus (n = 162), the recurrence rate of cystoceles was lower in the TVM group (log-rank test, P = 0.0001), compared with the NTR group. However, there was no between-group difference in the recurrence rate of cystoceles in women with prior or concomitant hysterectomy (n = 177, P = 0.17). CONCLUSION: In women with intact uterus, the TVM group has a lower recurrence rate of cystoceles than the NTR group. In addition, old age, especially more than 64 years old, is a risk factor for cystocele recurrence.

The probability of re-treatment after discontinuation of a 3-month versus a 6-month course of solifenacin for female overactive bladder: A prospective randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to compare the re-treatment probabilities after a 3-month versus a 6-month course of antimuscarinic treatment for women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective randomized controlled study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Between-group differences in the probability of re-treatment for OAB between the 3-month and 6-month groups. METHODS: Women with OAB were randomly allocated to receive solifenacin (5 mg per day) for a treatment interval of either 3 or 6 months. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients were treated in each group. The probability of re-treatment did not differ between the 3-month and 6-month groups (P = 0.11). Parity (hazard ratio = 1.81, P = 0.001), number of incontinence episodes (hazard ratio = 1.09, P = 0.008) and suboptimal response (hazard ratio = 3.56, P = 0.006) were independent predictors of re-treatment of OAB. Physical limitation, as indicated on the King's Health Questionnaire, was the only independent factor predicting completion of the scheduled treatment period (odds ratio = 1.01, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged antimuscarinic treatment does not decrease the need for re-treatment of OAB. Nonetheless, female patients with increased parity, more severe incontinence and a suboptimal response to antimuscarinic treatment are more likely to seek re-treatment of OAB due to recurrence of symptoms. In addition, patients with more serious physical limitation related to OAB are more likely to complete the scheduled treatment period. These findings could serve as a guide in clinical consultations regarding antimuscarinic treatment and if taken into consideration in future studies could lower the dropout rate.

Urodynamic and Bladder Diary Factors Predict Overactive Bladder-wet in Women: A Comparison With Overactive Bladder-dry.

PURPOSE: To identify factors predicting the presence of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB)-wet, compared with OAB-dry. METHODS: Between September 2007 and September 2013, the medical records of 623 women with OAB who completed a 3-day bladder diary and underwent urodynamic studies in a medical center were retrospectively reviewed. OAB-wet was diagnosed in patients who complained of at least one episode of urgency incontinence in the previous month; otherwise, OAB-dry was diagnosed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to predict the presence of OAB-wet. RESULTS: Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; P<0.001), maximal flow rate (Qmax) (OR,1.06; P<0.001), voided volume (OR, 0.996; P=0.001), detrusor pressure at maximal flow rate (PdetQmax) (OR, 1.02; P=0.003), urgency episodes (OR, 1.04; P<0.001) and urodynamic stress incontinence (OR,1.78; P=0.01) were independent predictors for the presence of OAB-wet vs. OAB-dry. If we use bladder contractility index as a variable for multivariable logistic regression analysis, bladder contractility index (OR, 1.012; P<0.001) become an independent predictor for OAB-wet. CONCLUSION: A smaller bladder capacity and more frequent urgency episodes were predictors of OAB-wet, and the above findings indicate that OAB-wet and OAB-dry might be a continuum of OAB. Old age, high Qmax, high PdetQmax and urodynamic stress incontinence were also predictors for OAB-wet, and the above results reveal that OAB-wet and OAB-dry have partially different clinical and urodynamic features. Further studies might be performed to elucidate whether different treatment strategies between OAB-dry and OAB-wet can improve treatment efficacy.

Risk factors for coexistence of cervical elongation in uterine prolapse.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors predicting cervical elongation in women with uterine prolapse. STUDY DESIGN: The medical records of women with uterine prolapse who underwent vaginal hysterectomy were reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of cervical elongation. RESULTS: Of 295 women with uterine prolapse, 136 (46.1%) patients had cervical elongation, according to Berger et al. Classification (i.e., cervical length >3.38 cm and/or cervix-to-corpus lengths ratio >0.79). Multivariable analysis revealed that lower parity (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73 to 0.99, P = 0.04) and advanced stage of uterine prolapse (odds ratio = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.35-2.88, P < 0.001) were predictors for cervical elongation. Based on a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the following optimum cut-off values were determined for cervical elongation: (1) parity ≤3, ROC area = 0.60 (95% CI = 0.53 to 0.66); (2) stage of uterine prolapse ≥3, ROC area = 0.63 (95% CI = 0.56 to 0.69). Thus, the predicted logit(p) for a given parity (a) and stage of uterine prolapse (b) can be denoted by logit(p) = -1.26 - 0.16 x a + 0.68 x b. The optimum cut-off values of logit(p) ≥-0.18 to predict cervical elongation were determined using ROC analysis (area = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.73). For women with parity ≤6, we can use either (1) stage 2 uterine prolapse and parity ≤1, or (2) ≥ stage 3 uterine prolapse as criteria to predict cervical elongation. CONCLUSIONS: Lower parity and advanced stage of uterine prolapse are predictors of cervical elongation in women with uterine prolapse. Thus, stage of uterine prolapse ≥3 or logit(p) ≥-0.18 may be useful for predicting cervical elongation.

Comparisons of the Clinical Outcomes and Urodynamic Effects of Mirabegron versus Tolterodine Treatment for Female Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Subgroup Analysis of a Controlled, Randomised, Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVES: The impact of mirabegron on clinical outcome and urodynamic parameters may be important for clinical practice. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and urodynamic effects of mirabegron (Betmiga 50 mg) versus tolterodine (Detrusitol ER 4 mg) treatment for women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). METHODS: Women with OAB were randomized to receive 12 weeks of mirabegron 50 mg, tolterodine extended-release 4 mg or placebo treatment. The clinical outcomes and urodynamic effects were compared between the subgroups. RESULTS: Thirty-three women completed 12 weeks of mirabegron (n = 12), tolterodine (n = 12) or placebo (n = 9) treatment. A significant increase in the volumes at strong desire to void and a decrease in the daytime frequency episodes were identified in the mirabegron and tolterodine groups (all P < 0.05). Nonetheless, a decrease in the total voided volume was identified following mirabegron treatment but not tolterodine (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Mirabegron and tolterodine exhibit similar changes in the urodynamics and bladder diary parameters. However, mirabegron may decrease the total voided volume. These findings may serve as an initial guide or assist in consultations regarding the treatment of OAB patients with mirabegron.

Frequent nocturia episodes, a suboptimal response to treatment, and small bladder capacity predict the need for persistent antimuscarinic therapy or re-treatment after discontinuation of antimuscarinics in female overactive bladder.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate predictive factors of the need for persistent antimuscarinic therapy or re-treatment (PR) after discontinuation of antimuscarinic therapy for women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). METHODS: All consecutive OAB women were enrolled in a prospective cohort study, and treated with solifenacin for 12 weeks in a University Hospital. Factors affecting PR were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 122 women were enrolled, and 107 women underwent 12-week solifenacin treatment. The dropout rate was 12.3%. The median follow-up period was 20.4 weeks (25-75 interquartile range: 16-102.3 wk). Twenty-seven (25%) women had PR. The median PR-free interval was 125.4 weeks (95% CI = 58.4 to - wk). Nocturia episodes (hazard ratio = 1.54), a suboptimal response (hazard ratio = 2.53), and the strong-desire volume (hazard ratio = 0.992) were independent predictors of PR by Cox backward stepwise regression analysis. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for nocturia episodes, a suboptimal response, and the strong-desire volume to predict PR were only 0.65, 0.63, and 0.59, respectively. In addition, normalized urinary nerve growth factor level was not significant (hazard ratio = 1.005, P = 0.68) for predicting PR. Furthermore, normalized urodynamic findings did not correlate with PR, a suboptimal response, or changes of Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and urinary nerve growth factor level. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent nocturia episodes, a suboptimal response, and small bladder capacity may predict PR after solifenacin treatment. These findings may serve as an initial guide in consultation regarding the treatment of OAB.

Clinical and urodynamic effects of baclofen in women with functional bladder outlet obstruction: Preliminary report.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and urodynamic effects of baclofen in women with functional bladder outlet obstruction. METHODS: Between January 2011 and December 2012, women who underwent baclofen treatment for functional bladder outlet obstruction, defined as <15 mL/s maximum flow rate and >20 cmH2 O detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate, but without significant anatomic causes, were retrospectively reviewed. Urodynamic variables at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment were compared. RESULTS: Twenty women with functional bladder outlet obstruction underwent 12 weeks of baclofen treatment (oral baclofen 5 mg, three times daily). All patients reported improvement in voiding dysfunction symptoms after treatment, and no significant adverse effects were found on review of medical records. All patients underwent urodynamic studies after 12 weeks' treatment. Voided volume, voiding efficiency and maximum flow rate at voiding cystometry were significantly improved (mean, 273 vs. 368 mL, P = 0.002; 62.8% vs. 73.6%, P <0.001, and 10.3 vs. 11.6 mL/s, P = 0.046; respectively). Moreover, baclofen did not affect continence function, as indicated by non-significant changes in the parameters of urethral pressure profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Oral baclofen can improve symptoms of voiding dysfunction, voided volume, voiding efficiency and maximum flow rate in women with functional bladder outlet obstruction. None of the patients experienced intolerable side-effects. Thus, oral baclofen may be used as an initial treatment for women with symptoms of voiding dysfunction.

Sex life and role identity in Taiwanese women during menopause: a qualitative study.

AIM: Our goal was to examine Taiwanese women's perspectives on the way menopause affected their sexual behaviour to gain an in-depth understanding of their experiences during this transition. BACKGROUND: Physical symptoms associated with menopause may affect women's sexual experiences. Little is known about how menopause-related changes in sexual behaviour may affect role identity of women living in a modernizing urban culture that is still strongly rooted in traditional beliefs and attitudes. DESIGN: This was a qualitative study involving face-to-face interviews using open-ended questions. METHODS: During 2011-2012, eighteen peri or postmenopausal women visiting a medical clinic for gynaecological examinations or treatment were interviewed about their sexual experiences. Responses were analysed for common themes. FINDINGS: Four themes were identified about the effects of menopause on women's sex life: (1) changes in physical responses during sex; (2) the acceptance/non-acceptance of the current situation; (3) sexual pressure related to their marital role; (4) efforts to improve sexual interest or activity. Menopause-related physical changes often (but not always) made sexual interactions difficult. But women's responses to the changes varied. Some used sexual discomfort as a reason to avoid sexual intercourse. Others sought to improve their sexual encounters through behavioural modifications or hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Given the variety of reactions to the impact of menopause on sexual behaviour/relationships seen here, it is clear that health professionals need to assess of each woman's specific situation and be prepared to recommend a variety of behavioural or hormonal treatment options.

Clinical Outcomes and Urodynamic Effects of Tailored Transvaginal Mesh Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and urodynamic effects of tailored anterior transvaginal mesh surgery (ATVM) and tailored posterior transvaginal mesh surgery (PTVM). METHODS: We developed ATVM for the simultaneous correction of cystocele and stress urinary incontinence and PTVM for the simultaneous correction of enterocoele, uterine prolapse, vaginal stump prolapse, and rectocele. RESULTS: A total of 104 women enrolled. The median postsurgical follow-up was 25.5 months. The anatomic cure rate was 98.1% (102/104). Fifty-eight patients underwent urodynamic studies before and after surgeries. The pad weight decreased from 29.3 ± 43.1 to 6.4 ± 20.9 g at 3 months. Among the 20 patients with ATVM, 13 patients had objective stress urinary incontinence (SUI) at baseline while 8 patients came to have no demonstrated SUI (NDSUI), and 2 improved after surgery. Among the 38 patients who underwent ATVM and PTVM, 24 had objective SUI at baseline while 18 came to have NDSUI, and 2 improved after surgery. Mesh extrusion (n = 4), vaginal hematoma (n = 3), and voiding difficulty (n = 2) were noted postoperatively. Quality of life was substantially improved. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings document the advantages of these two novel pelvic reconstructive surgeries for pelvic organ prolapse, which had a positive impact on quality of life. ATVM surgery additionally provided an anti-incontinence effect. This clinical trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02178735).

Psychometric assessment of female overactive bladder syndrome and antimuscarinics-related effects.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics of psychological distress (PD), personality traits, and family support in women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), and the effects of antimuscarinic treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Women with and without OAB (age- and body mass index [BMI]-matched control group) were prospectively enrolled; they recorded bladder diaries, underwent urodynamic studies, and completed PD, personality traits, and filled family support questionnaires before and after antimuscarinic treatment. OAB women underwent treatment with tolterodine or solifenacin for 12 weeks. The control group completed questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The differences in PD, personality traits, and family support scores between both groups, and the changes after antimuscarinic treatment in OAB women. RESULTS: Eighty-five women with OAB (tolterodine, n=42; solifenacin, n=43) and 65 without OAB completed the studies. Linear regression analysis with age and BMI adjustment revealed: coefficients of OAB were significant (all P<0.05) for somatic complaints (mean: 0.87 vs. 0.63, coefficient=0.21), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (0.69 vs. 0.44, coefficient=0.25), anxiety symptoms (0.42 vs. 0.27, coefficient=0.14), General Symptom Index (GSI, 0.48 vs. 0.33, coefficient=0.14), neuroticism (9.23 vs. 5.17, coefficient=3.73), and extroversion-introversion (13.64 vs. 15.25, coefficient=-1.73). Anxiety symptoms (0.42 vs. 0.36) and GSI (0.48 vs. 0.39) improved after antimuscarinics (all P<0.05). High Overactive Bladder Symptom Score questionnaire score (coefficient=-0.39), low hostility score (coefficient=2.11), and high additional symptoms score (coefficient=-1.46) were associated with good therapeutic effect (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: OAB women experience more PD, neuroticism, and introversion than asymptomatic women, and antimuscarinics could improve PD.

Sanguis draconis, a dragon's blood resin, attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Hyperglycaemia, a characteristic feature of diabetes mellitus, induces endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications by limiting the proliferative potential of these cells. Here we aimed to investigate the effect of an ethanolic extract of Sanguis draconis (SD), a kind of dragon's blood resin that is obtained from Daemonorops draco (Palmae), on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) under high-glucose (HG) stimulation and its underlying mechanism. Concentration-dependent (0-50 µg/mL) assessment of cell viability showed that SD does not affect cell viability with a similar trend up to 48 h. Remarkably, SD (10-50 µg/mL) significantly attenuated the high-glucose (25 and 50 mM) induced cell toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. SD inhibited high glucose-induced nitrite (NO) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in HUVEC. Western blot analysis revealed that SD treatments abolished HG-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), nuclear transcription factor, κB (NF-κB), VCAM-1, and E-selectin, and it also blocked the breakdown of PARP-116 kDa protein in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that SD increased the expression of Bcl-2 and decreased Bax protein expression in HG-stimulated HUVEC. Thus, these results of this study demonstrate for the first time that SD inhibits glucose induced oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in HUVEC by inhibiting the ERK/NF-κB/PARP-1/Bax signaling cascade followed by suppressing the activation of VCAM-1 and E-selectin. These data suggest that SD may have a therapeutic potential in vascular inflammation due to the decreased levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and PARP-1 activation.