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Except for Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, which only causes pneumonia, Mycoplasma species can cause otitis, arthritis, septicemia, mastitis, pneumonia and encephalitis in goats. After a mycoplasma outbreak was recorded in Taiwan in 2016, an increasing number of mycoplasma infection cases have been observed. It is important to understand how many Mycoplasma species are currently prevalent in Taiwan. In this study, 57-61 bulk milk samples were collected from dairy goats in Taiwan every year from 2017 to 2020 to identify the presence of mycoplasma DNA fragments by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mycoplasma species were identified based on colony characteristics, PCR, and DNA sequences. In total, 39 out of 236 samples (16.52%) tested mycoplasma positive. The annual mycoplasma prevalence rates from 2017 to 2020 were 24.59% (15/61), 8.20% (5/61), 17.54% (10/57) and 15.79% (9/57), respectively. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (n = 19), Mycoplasma putrefaciens (n = 10), Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (n = 5) and Mycoplasma bovis (n = 5) were present in Taiwan. No M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae was detected. Except for the large drop in 2018, the prevalence of mycoplasma infection declined to a consistent level for the final two years of the study. However, the seasonal pattern is still worth investigating. This is the first survey of mycoplasma infection in goats, and we believe that a larger survey is still needed to understand the pathogenicity and diversity of these mycoplasma isolates.
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Enfermedades de las Cabras , Infecciones por Mycoplasma , Mycoplasma , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , Cabras , Mycoplasma/genética , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/epidemiología , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/veterinaria , Prevalencia , Taiwán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Objectives: To analyze the current development status of gastric cancer (GC) randomized controlled trials (RCT) between 2000 and 2019, and to review the basic characteristics of published RCT. Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for phase 3 or 4 RCT conducted between January 2000 and December 2019 with the keyword "gastric cancer", and the development trend of different types of RCT during different time periods was described. Basic features of registered RCT such as intervention, study area, single-center or multicenter, sample size, and funding were presented. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to judge the publication status of studies completed until June 2016. The adequacy of the report was estimated by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist. Design flaws were evaluated by Cochrane tool and/or whether a systematic literature review was cited. The data was analyzed by χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Results: There were 262 RCT including in the present study. The number of GC-RCT registered on ClinicalTrials.gov had been on the rise from 1 case in 2000 to 30 cases in 2015. The proportion of RCT associated with targeted therapy or immunotherapy increased from 0 during 2000-2004 to 37.1% (36/97) during2015-2019. The RCT registered in Asia was 191 cases, while that in non-Asia region was 71 cases. The proportion of multi-center RCT from non-Asia was higher than that from Asia (70.4% (50/71) vs. 50.3% (96/191), χ²=8.527, P=0.003). The proportion of RCT published was 59.1% (81/137). Among the published RCT, 65 (80.2%) studies were reported adequately, but 63 (77.8%) studies had avoidable design limitations. Conclusions: Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become research hotspots in the treatment of GC. At present, there are inadequate multicenter RCT in Asia, and the publication rate of RCT is low. A considerable number of published RCT are reported inadequately and have avoidable design flaws.
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Objectives: To analyze the current development status of gastric cancer (GC) randomized controlled trials (RCT) between 2000 and 2019, and to review the basic characteristics of published RCT. Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for phase 3 or 4 RCT conducted between January 2000 and December 2019 with the keyword "gastric cancer", and the development trend of different types of RCT during different time periods was described. Basic features of registered RCT such as intervention, study area, single-center or multicenter, sample size, and funding were presented. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to judge the publication status of studies completed until June 2016. The adequacy of the report was estimated by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist. Design flaws were evaluated by Cochrane tool and/or whether a systematic literature review was cited. The data was analyzed by χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Results: There were 262 RCT including in the present study. The number of GC-RCT registered on ClinicalTrials.gov had been on the rise from 1 case in 2000 to 30 cases in 2015. The proportion of RCT associated with targeted therapy or immunotherapy increased from 0 during 2000-2004 to 37.1% (36/97) during 2015-2019. The RCT registered in Asia was 191 cases, while that in non-Asia region was 71 cases. The proportion of multi-center RCT from non-Asia was higher than that from Asia (70.4% (50/71) vs. 50.3% (96/191), χ²=8.527, P=0.003). The proportion of RCT published was 59.1% (81/137). Among the published RCT, 65 (80.2%) studies were reported adequately, but 63 (77.8%) studies had avoidable design limitations. Conclusions: Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become research hotspots in the treatment of GC. At present, there are inadequate multicenter RCT in Asia, and the publication rate of RCT is low. A considerable number of published RCT are reported inadequately and have avoidable design flaws.
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Humanos , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapiaRESUMEN
Objective: To establish a neural network model for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with stage II-III gastric cancer. Methods: Case inclusion criteria: (1) gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed by pathology as stage II-III (the 8th edition of AJCC staging); (2) no distant metastasis of liver, lung and abdominal cavity in preoperative chest film, abdominal ultrasound and upper abdominal CT; (3) undergoing R0 resection. Case exclusion criteria: (1) receiving preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy; (2) incomplete clinical data; (3) gastric stump cancer.Clinicopathological data of 1231 patients with stage II-III gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery at the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2010 to August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 1035 patients with lymph node metastasis were confirmed after operation, and 196 patients had no lymph node metastasis. According to the postoperative pathologic staging. 416 patients (33.8%) were stage Ⅱ and 815 patients (66.2%) were stage III. Patients were randomly divided into training group (861/1231, 69.9%) and validation group (370/1231, 30.1%) to establish an artificial neural network model (N+-ANN) for the prediction of lymph node metastasis. Firstly, the Logistic univariate analysis method was used to retrospectively analyze the case samples of the training group, screen the variables affecting lymph node metastasis, determine the variable items of the input point of the artificial neural network, and then the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to train N+-ANN. The input layer of N+-ANN was composed of the variables screened by Logistic univariate analysis. Artificial intelligence analyzed the status of lymph node metastasis according to the input data and compared it with the real value. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by drawing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and obtaining the area under the curve (AUC). The ability of N+-ANN was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and AUC values. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline data between the training group and validation group (all P>0.05). Univariate analysis of the training group showed that preoperative platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), preoperative systemic immune inflammation index (SII), tumor size, clinical N (cN) stage were closely related to postoperative lymph node metastasis. The N+-ANN was constructed based on the above variables as the input layer variables. In the training group, the accuracy of N+-ANN for predicting postoperative lymph node metastasis was 88.4% (761/861), the sensitivity was 98.9% (717/725), the specificity was 32.4% (44/136), the positive predictive value was 88.6% (717/809), the negative predictive value was 84.6% (44/52), and the AUC value was 0.748 (95%CI: 0.717-0.776). In the validation group, N+-ANN had a prediction accuracy of 88.4% (327/370) with a sensitivity of 99.7% (309/310), specificity of 30.0% (18/60), positive predictive value of 88.0% (309/351), negative predictive value of 94.7% (18/19), and an AUC of 0.717 (95%CI:0.668-0.763). According to the individualized lymph node metastasis probability output by N+-ANN, the cut-off values of 0-50%, >50%-75%, >75%-90% and >90%-100% were applied and patients were divided into N0 group, N1 group, N2 group and N3 group. The overall prediction accuracy of N+-ANN for pN staging in the training group and the validation group was 53.7% and 54.1% respectively, while the overall prediction accuracy of cN staging for pN staging in the training group and the validation group was 30.1% and 33.2% respectively, indicating that N+-ANN had a better prediction than cN stage. Conclusions: The N+-ANN constructed in this study can accurately predict postoperative lymph node metastasis in patients with stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ gastric cancer. The N+-ANN based on individualized lymph node metastasis probability has better accurate prediction for pN staging as compared to cN staging.
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Humanos , Inteligencia Artificial , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugíaRESUMEN
There still remain some problemsin digestive tract reconstruction after robotic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at present, such as great surgical difficulties and high technical requirements. Based on the surgical experience of the Gastric Surgery Department of Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University and the literatures at home and abroad, relevant issues are discussed in terms of robotic radical distal gastrectomy (Billroth I, Billroth II, and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy), proximal gastrectomy (double-channel and double-muscle flap anastomosis), and total gastrectomy (Roux-en-Y anastomosis, functional end-to-end anastomosis, FEEA, π-anastomosis, Overlap anastomosis, and modified Overlap anastomosis with delayed amputation of jejunum, i.e. later-cut Overlap). This article mainly includes (1) The principles of digestive tract reconstruction after robotic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. (2) Digestive tract reconstruction after robotic radical distal gastrectomy: Aiming at the weakness of traditional triangular anastomosis, we introduce the improvement of the technical difficulty, namely "modified triangular anastomosis", and point out that because Billroth II anastomosis is a common anastomosis method in China at present, manual suture under robot is more convenient and safe, and can effectively avoid anastomotic stenosis. (3) Digestive tract reconstruction after robotic proximal gastrectomy: It mainly includes double channel anastomosis and double muscle flap anastomosis, but these reconstruction methods are relatively complicated, and robotic surgery has not been widely carried out at present. (4) Digestive tract reconstruction after robotic total gastrectomy: The most classic one is Roux-en-Y anastomosis, mainly using circular stapler for end-to-side esophagojejunal anastomosis and linear stapler for side-to-side esophagojejunal anastomosis, for which we discuss the solutions to the existing technical difficulties. With the continuous innovation of robotic surgical system and anastomosis instruments, and with the gradual improvement of anastomosis technology, it is believed that digestive tract reconstruction after robotic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer will have a good application prospect in gastric cancer surgery.
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Humanos , Anastomosis en-Y de Roux/métodos , Gastrectomía/métodos , Yeyuno/cirugía , Laparoscopía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Robótica , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Objective: To explore the effect of perioperative chemotherapy on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients under real-world condition. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Real world data of gastric cancer patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy and surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy in 33 domestic hospitals from January 1, 2014 to January 31, 2016 were collected. Inclusion criteria: (1) gastric adenocarcinoma was confirmed by histopathology, and clinical stage was cT2-4aN0-3M0 (AJCC 8th edition); (2) D2 radical gastric cancer surgery was performed; (3) at least one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was completed; (4) at least 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) [SOX (S-1+oxaliplatin) or CapeOX (capecitabine + oxaliplatin)] were completed. Exclusion criteria: (1) complicated with other malignant tumors; (2) radiotherapy received; (3) patients with incomplete data. The enrolled patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the perioperative chemotherapy group, and those who received only postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to control selection bias. The primary outcome were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after PSM. OS was defined as the time from the first neoadjuvant chemotherapy (operation + adjuvant chemotherapy group: from the date of operation) to the last effective follow-up or death. PFS was defined as the time from the first neoadjuvant chemotherapy (operation + adjuvant chemotherapy group: from the date of operation) to the first imaging diagnosis of tumor progression or death. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival rate, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the independent effect of perioperative chemo therapy on OS and PFS. Results: 2 045 cases were included, including 1 293 cases in the surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy group and 752 cases in the perioperative chemotherapy group. After PSM, 492 pairs were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, tumor stage before treatment, and tumor location between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group, patients in the perioperative chemotherapy group had higher proportion of total gastrectomy (χ(2)=40.526, P<0.001), smaller maximum tumor diameter (t=3.969, P<0.001), less number of metastatic lymph nodes (t=1.343, P<0.001), lower ratio of vessel invasion (χ(2)=11.897, P=0.001) and nerve invasion (χ(2)=12.338, P<0.001). In the perioperative chemotherapy group and surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group, 24 cases (4.9%) and 17 cases (3.4%) developed postoperative complications, respectively, and no significant difference was found between two groups (χ(2)=0.815, P=0.367). The median OS of the perioperative chemotherapy group was longer than that of the surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group (65 months vs. 45 months, HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.89, P=0.001); the median PFS of the perioperative chemotherapy group was also longer than that of the surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy group (56 months vs. 36 months, HR=0.72, 95% CI:0.61-0.85, P<0.001). The forest plot results of subgroup analysis showed that both men and women could benefit from perioperative chemotherapy (all P<0.05); patients over 45 years of age (P<0.05) and with normal body mass (P<0.01) could benefit significantly; patients with cTNM stage II and III presented a trend of benefit or could benefit significantly (P<0.05); patients with signet ring cell carcinoma benefited little (P>0.05); tumors in the gastric body and gastric antrum benefited more significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: Perioperative chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
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Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Gastrectomía , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Purpose@#This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative tumor staging deviation (PTSD) on the long-term survival of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (RGGC). @*Materials and Methods@#Clinicopathological data of 2,346 patients who underwent RGGC were retrospectively analyzed. The preoperative tumor-lymph node-metastasis (TNM) under-staging group (uTNM) comprised patients who had earlier preoperative TNM than postoperative TNM, and the no preoperative under-staging group (nTNM) comprised the remaining patients. @*Results@#There were 1,031 uTNM (44.0%) and 1,315 nTNM cases (56.0%). Cox prognostic analysis revealed that PTSD independently affected the overall survival (OS) after surgery. The 5-year OS was lower in the uTNM group (41.8%) than in the nTNM group (71.6%). The patients less than 65 years old, with lower American Society of Anaesthesiologists score, 2-5 cm tumor located at the lower stomach, and cT1 or cN0 preoperative staging would more likely undergo D1+ lymph node dissection (LND) in uTNM (p 2 cm and body mass index ≤ 22.72 kg/m2 were independent risk factors of preoperative TNM tumor under-staging in patients with cT1N0M0 staging (p < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Underestimated tumor staging is not rare, which possibly results in inadequate LND and affects the long-term survival for patients undergoing RGGC. D2 LND should be carefully performed in patients who are predisposed to this underestimation.
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Angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) homologue that displays antagonist effects on ACE/angiotensin II (Ang II) axis in renin-angiotensin system (RAS), could play a protective role against liver damages. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether inflammation-mediated liver injury could be affected by ACE2 derived pathways in the RAS. Eight-weeks-old wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and Ace2 KO (hemizygous Ace2-/y) male mice were used to induce liver fibrosis by thioacetamide (TAA) administration (0, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW). The mice administrated with TAA could be successfully induced liver fibrosis in a TAA-dose dependent manner. Compared to WT mice, the results show that Ace2 KO mice have high sensitive, and developed more serious reaction of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by TAA administration. The physiological and pathological examinations demonstrated higher serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, infiltration of white blood cells and fibrotic lesions within liver in the Ace2 KO mice. The severe liver damage of Ace2 KO mice were also confirmed by the evidence of higher expression of hepatic inflammation-related genes (IL-6 and Tnf) and fibrosis-related genes (Col1a1, Timp1 and Mmp9). Ace2 gene deficiency could lead to a severe inflammation and collagen remodeling in the liver administrated by TAA, and the responses lead the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Our studies provided the main messages and favorable study directions of relationship of Ace2 and liver disease.
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Eliminación de Gen , Cirrosis Hepática/inducido químicamente , Cirrosis Hepática/genética , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/deficiencia , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/genética , Tioacetamida/efectos adversos , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2 , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Colágeno/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hígado/metabolismo , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Volvox sphere is a biomimetic concept of a natural Volvox, wherein a large outer sphere contains smaller inner spheres, which can encapsulate cells and provide a double-layer three-dimensional environment for culturing cells. This study simultaneously encapsulated rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and AML12 hepatocytes in volvox spheres and extensively evaluated the effects of various culturing modes on cell functions and fates. The results showed that compared with a static flask culture, MSCs encapsulated in volvox spheres differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells with a 2-fold increase in albumin (ALB) expression and a 2.5-fold increase in cytokeratin 18 expression in a dynamic bioreactor. Moreover, the restorative effects of volvox spheres encapsulating cells on retrorsine-exposed CCl4-induced liver injuries in rats were evaluated. The data presented significant reductions in AST and ALT levels after the implantation of volvox spheres encapsulating both MSCs and AML12 hepatocytes in vivo. In contrast to the negative control group, histopathological analysis demonstrated liver repair and formation of the new liver tissue in groups implanted with volvox spheres containing cells. These results demonstrate that liver cells implanted with volvox spheres encapsulating both MSCs and AML12 hepatocytes promote liver repair and liver tissue regeneration in liver failure caused by necrotizing agents such as retrorsine and CCl4. Hence, volvox spheres encapsulating MSCs and liver cells can be a promising and clinically effective therapy for liver injury. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we used a volvox sphere, which is a unique design that mimics the natural Volvox, that consists of a large outer sphere that contains smaller inner spheres, which provide a three-dimensional environment to culture cells. The purpose of this study is to co-culture mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and AML12 liver cells in volvox spheres and evaluate two different culture methods, dynamic bioreactor and static culture flask,on the cultured cells. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the restorative effects of volvox spheres encapsulating MSCs and/or AML12 liver cells on rats with retrorsine-exposed CCl4-induced liver injuries. The results showed that MSCs encapsulated in volvox spheres differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells with a 2-fold increase in albumin expression and a 2.5-fold increase in cytokeratin 18 expression ina dynamic bioreactor. Moreover, the data presented significant reductions in AST and ALT levels after the implantation of volvox spheres encapsulating both MSCs and AML12 hepatocytes in vivo. In contrast to the negative control group, histopathological analysis demonstrated liver repair and formation of new liver tissue in groups implanted with volvox spheres containing cells. These results demonstrate that liver cells implanted with volvox spheres encapsulating both MSCs and AML12 hepatocytes promote liver repair and liver tissue regeneration in liver failure caused by necrotizing agents such as retrorsine and CCl4. Hence, volvox spheres encapsulating MSCs and liver cells can be a promising and clinically effective therapy for liver injury.
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Técnicas de Cocultivo/métodos , Hígado/fisiología , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Volvox/química , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Diferenciación Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Fluorescencia , Implantes Experimentales , Queratina-18/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Coloración y EtiquetadoRESUMEN
Viral-encoded ATPase can act as a part of molecular motor in genome packaging of DNA viruses, such as vaccinia virus and adenovirus, by ATP hydrolysis and interaction with DNA. Poxviral ATPase (also called A32) is involved in genomic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) encapsidation, and inhibition of the expression of A32 causes formation of immature virions lacking viral DNA. However, the role of A32 in goatpoxvirus genome packaging and its dsDNA binding property are not known. In this study, purified recombinant goatpoxvirus A32 protein (rA32) was examined for its dsDNA binding property as well as the effect of dsDNA on ATP hydrolysis. We found that rA32 could bind dsDNA, and its ATPase activity was significant increased with dsDNA binding. Effects of magnesium and calcium ions on ATP hydrolysis were investigated also. The ATPase activity was dramatically enhanced by dsDNA in the presence of Mg(2+); in contrast, ATPase function was not altered by Ca(2+). Furthermore, the enzyme activity of rA32 was completely blocked by Zn(2+). Regarding DNA-protein interaction, the rA32-ATP-Mg(2+) showed lower dsDNA binding affinity than that of rA32-ATP-Ca(2+). The DNA-protein binding was stronger in the presence of zinc ion. Our results implied that A32 may play a role in viral genome encapsidation and DNA condensation.
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Adenosina Trifosfatasas/metabolismo , Capripoxvirus/metabolismo , Virus ADN/genética , ADN Viral/metabolismo , ADN/genética , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Zinc/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Calcio/metabolismo , Capripoxvirus/genética , Empaquetamiento del ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Genoma Viral/genética , Virus Vaccinia/genética , Virus Vaccinia/metabolismo , Ensamble de Virus/genéticaRESUMEN
Danofloxacin is an antibacterial drug of the fluoroquinolone group developed for therapeutic purposes in veterinary medicine. The studies described here include investigations of the residues following a single dose or multiple doses of danofloxacin. Residue depletion studies were performed to determine residues in plasma and tissues of saltwater tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) after a single oral administration of danofloxacin at the dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and also after daily dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days. Danofloxacin residues were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Following a single oral dose, danofloxacin residues in 6 h postdosing tilapia were at a maximum of 1.44, 12.48, and 13.18 µg/g in serum, liver, and kidney samples, respectively, while a peak muscle concentration of 2.15 µg/g was reached at 12 h. From single-dose data, the concentration of danofloxacin in serum, muscle, liver, and kidney samples declined with half-lives of 29, 34, 49, and 44 h, respectively. Based on the maximum residue level (MRL) of 0.1 µg/g in edible tissue for fin fish, the withdrawal times of danofloxacin in muscle were estimated to fall below the MRL after a withdrawal period of 21 days following the multiple-dose administration. These results may be helpful to regulatory agencies as they determine what tissues should be monitored to ensure that the established residue safety tolerance levels are not exceeded.
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Antibacterianos/análisis , Fluoroquinolonas/análisis , Tilapia/metabolismo , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Acuicultura , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Residuos de Medicamentos/análisis , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacocinética , Indicadores y Reactivos , Músculos/química , Estándares de Referencia , Agua de Mar , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of the extent of gastric resection on the prognosis of patients with middle one-third gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1998 to December 2005, 222 patients with middle one-third gastric cancer underwent D2 radical resection in the Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University. Among them, 66 underwent distal gastrectomy (DG group), while 156 underwent total gastrectomy (TG group). The 5-year survival rates were compared between two groups. The prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 5-year survival rates of DG group and TG group were 63.9% and 49.8% respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). Nevertheless, compared to DG group, the tumors in TG group had bigger size, later TNM stage, and higher proportion of locating lesser curvature of stomach (all P<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and TNM classification were independent prognostic factors (all P<0.05), but the extent of gastric resection was not (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>If curative resection can be performed, the long-term prognosis of patients with middle one-third gastric cancer is not affected by the extent of gastric resection, and distal gastrectomy is feasible.</p>
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Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gastrectomía , Métodos , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas , Cirugía GeneralRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the technical feasibility, safety, and clinical efficacy of delta-shaped anastomosis in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 18 patients with gastric cancer who received TLDG with delta-shaped anastomosis from November 2012 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The delta-shaped anastomosis is a new method of intraabdominal Billroth I anastomosis using only linear stapler. The posterior wall of the stomach and that of the duodenum were put together using linear stapler, and the common stab incision was also closed with linear stapler. The anastomosis was finished with a delta-shaped.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TLDG with delta-shaped anastomosis was successfully carried out in all the patients. The mean operation time and mean time for anastomosis were (156.3 ± 38.5) minutes and (24.6 ± 11.2) minutes. The lengths of upper and lower segment of resection form gastric cancer were (5.8 ± 2.4) cm and (4.1 ± 2.7) cm. Blood loss was (70.7 ± 43.8) ml and number of dissected lymph nodes was 32.4 ± 12.0 per patient. The average time to ground activities, time to flatus, time to fluid diet and length of hospital stay were (1.8 ± 0.9) days, (3.1 ± 1.2) days, (3.6 ± 1.7) days, and (9.6 ± 2.5) days, respectively. Only one patient developed chylus leak with intraabdominal infection. There was no mobility related to the anastomosis in all the patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The delta-shaped anastomosis is a safe and feasible procedure for totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and provides satisfactory short-term efficacy.</p>
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Gastrectomía , Métodos , Gastroenterostomía , Métodos , Laparoscopía , Métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas , Cirugía General , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Digestive reconstruction after gastrectomy is one of the key steps to the success of surgery. The surgical difficulty is greater for digestive reconstruction after laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy (LAG). In order to reduce the incidence of postoperative complication and ensure a good quality of life for patients after gastrectomy, surgeons should have experience in open surgery and proper reconstruction technique and surgical instruments should be selected.
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Humanos , Gastrectomía , Métodos , Gastroenterostomía , Métodos , Laparoscopía , Métodos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Neoplasias Gástricas , Cirugía GeneralRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of gastric cancer in young patients (YGC) in order to improve the treatment outcome of YGC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 63 YGC patients (40 years of age and less) who underwent surgery from January 2004 to December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 654 older gastric cancer patients (OGC, above 40 years) during the same period patients were selected and compared to the YGC patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportions of female patients, patients with a family history or with undifferentiated tumor in YGC were significantly higher than OGC (all P<0.05). The curative resection rate of YGC patients was 61.9% (39/63), significantly lower than that of OGC (93.1%, 595/654, P<0.01). A total of 653 (91.1%) patients were followed up, with a period of time of 1 to 84 months. The 5-year survival rates for YGC and OGC patients were 40.5% and 55.6% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Cox proportional hazards model showed that the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and radical surgery were the independent factors associated with the prognosis of YGC (all P<0.05). The stratified analysis showed that the 5-year survival rates for YGC and OGC patients undergoing radical surgery were 63.2% and 56.7% respectively and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The 5-year survival rates for YGC and OGC patients undergoing palliative surgery were 4.2% and 22.2% respectively and the difference was statistically significan t(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gastric cancer in young patients is highly malignant, with lower rate of curative resection and poorer prognosis. The long-term outcome of YGC is similar to that of OGC if radical resection is possible.</p>
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Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Factores de Edad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Metástasis Linfática , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas , Diagnóstico , Patología , Cirugía General , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of tumor stem cell surface marker CD44 in gastric cancer and its clinical value.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expressions of CD44 protein family, including CD44s, CD44v5 and CD44v6, in gastric cancer and peritumoral tissues specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry in 156 patients with gastric cancer from December 2006 to December 2007. Associations of CD44 family expressions with of clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in gastric cancer patients were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of CD44s expression in gastric cancer and peritumoral tissues were 50.0%(78/156) and 40.3%(63/156) respectively(P>0.05). The positive rates of CD44v5 and CD44v6 expression in gastric cancer were 49.3% and 63.4%, significantly higher than those in peritumoral tissues(7.6% and 0 respectively, all P<0.05). There were no positive correlations among the expression levels of CD44s, CD44v5 and CD44v6(all P>0.05). High expression rate of CD44s was associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stages. CD44v5 expression was only associated with depth of invasion. CD44v6 expression was associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stages and Lauren classification. The 5-year survival rates in the positive and negative groups of CD44s, CD44v5 and CD44v6 expressions were 35.8% and 52.5%(P<0.05), 38.9% and 49.3%(P>0.05), 26.2% and 75.4%(P<0.05) respectively. Only the CD44v6 expression was an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer(RR=1.931, 95%CI:1.183-3.152).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD44 plays an important role in invasion and lymph node metastasis, and may serve as potential predictors of prognosis in gastric cancer.</p>
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Humanos , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Metabolismo , Receptores de Hialuranos , Metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Metástasis Linfática , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Células Madre Neoplásicas , Metabolismo , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas , Metabolismo , PatologíaRESUMEN
Laparoscopic D2 lymphadenectomy for locally advanced upper-third gastric cancer(LAUGC) must follow the same lymph node dissection extent with open surgery. Following the surgical steps can make the operation process more smoothly and achieve en bloc resection. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection is the difficult point during total gastrectomy for LAUGC. Selecting the right surgical approach, mastering spleen vascular anatomical types, and the cooperation of surgical team can help to shorten the learning curve of the operation. Although laparoscopic lymph node dissection for LAUGC is still in the exploratory stage, we believe that with the emergence of evidence-based medicine, it is expected to become one of the standard operations for LAUGC.
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Humanos , Gastrectomía , Laparoscopía , Métodos , Curva de Aprendizaje , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Ganglios Linfáticos , Bazo , Neoplasias Gástricas , Patología , Cirugía GeneralRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility and short-term effects of Intrafix fixation and remnants preservation in single -tunnel double-bundle reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with anatomical placement of hamstring tendons.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2011 to November 2011, 25 patients with ACL injuries were treated with arthroscopic reconstruction of ACL using hamstring tendon. There were 19 males and 6 females, with a mean age of (26.26 +/- 9.53) years (ranged, 16 to 50 years). Fifteen patients had injuries in left knees, and 10 patients had injuries in right knees. The duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 60 d, with a mean of 9.6 d. All patients with acute injuries had swelling and pain on the knee, and anterior drawer test showed positive results in 14 cases, Lachman test showed positive results in 17 cases. Among patients with old injuries, 5 patients had knee joint pain, 5 patients had unstability of knee joint, 5 patients had positive results of anterior drawer test, and 5 patients had positive results of Lachman test. The diagnosis of ACL injury was determined by the anterior drawer test and Lachman test. There were 20 patients with acute injuries and 5 patients with old injuries. MRI was performed in all patients to confirm the diagnosis of ACL injuries and provide additional information on meniscal and other ligament injuries. Preservation of the remnants was through patellar tendon portal using meniscus suture guide. The femoral tunnel was placed at lateral femoral condyle at 2:00 or 10:00 position through the anteromedial (AM) portal with the knee flexed to 120 degree using an offset guide (DePuy Mitek). The tibia tunnel was placed at the center of the ACL remnant through the AM portal using a tibia guide set 45 degree. The AM and PL bundles were rotated by rotating the positioning tool to achieve the desired positions of the bundles and were fixed by femoral Intrafix and tibia Bio-Intrafix fixation. The anterior drawer test, Lachman test and Lysholm scores were observed to determinate the function of the knee and the activity of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 18 months. The Lysholm scores improved from preoperative 34.08 +/- 7.60 (25 to 49 scores) to 94.52 +/- 2.86 (89 to 98 scores) at the follow-up time (t = 21.29, P < 0.01). No postoperative complications such as synovitis, ligament rupture and movement restriction occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intrafix fixation and remnants preservation in single-tunnel double-bundle reconstruction of ACL with anatomical placement of hamstring tendons is simple, effective, useful, reproducible, and gives a satisfactory short-term results.</p>
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Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Cirugía General , Artroscopía , Fijadores Internos , Traumatismos de la Rodilla , Cirugía General , Articulación de la Rodilla , Cirugía General , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Métodos , Tendones , Cirugía GeneralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection in a left-sided approach for advanced proximal gastric cancer. METHODS: The clinical data of 32 patients with advanced proximal gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection from June 2010 to December 2011 were analyzed. RESULTS: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection using a left-sided approach was successfully performed for all patients without open conversion. The mean operation time was 206.4±54.3 minutes, mean intraoperative blood loss was 68.2±34.1 ml, mean number of No. 10 lymph nodes dissected was 2.8±2.1, mean number of positive No. 10 lymph nodes was 0.6±1.2, and the incidence of No. 10 lymph node metastasis was 11.6%. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 11.3±1.5 days. The postoperative morbidity rate was 9.4%, and there was no postoperative death. Splenic lobar vessels of all 32 patients were anatomically classified and divided into three types: 4 patients had a single lobar vessel, 22 had two lobar vessels and 6 had three lobar vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic spleen-preserving No. 10 lymph node dissection for advanced proximal gastric cancer using a left-sided approach is technically feasible. It simplifies the complicated surgical procedure of No. 10 lymph node dissection and leads to the popularization and promotion of this technique.
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Laparoscopía/métodos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Bazo/cirugía , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Bazo/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologíaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the technical feasibility, safety, and clinical efficacy of laparoscopy assisted radical gastrectomy(LAG) for patients with gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 1380 patients with gastric cancer who received LAG from May 2007 to April 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LAG was successfully carried out in 1363 patients, and 17 patients(1.2%) were converted to open surgery. The mean operation time, blood loss, number of dissected lymph nodes were(196.2±59.2) minutes, (79.7±115.8) ml, and 30.1±11.0, respectively. The average time to ground activities, time to flatus, time to fluid diet, and length of hospital stay were(2.4±1.0) days, (3.3±1.2) days, (4.2±1.6) days, and (12.4±8.5) days, respectively. The postoperative morbidity was 12.1% and the mortality was 0.4%. According to Simple Scatter analysis, the number of surgical cases(surgeons' experience) was negatively related with the rate of converted to open surgery and operation time, but positively with number of dissected lymph nodes. A total of 1332 patients were followed up for 2-51 months(median 19 months), and the 3-year survival rate was 71.0%, the 3-year survival rates in stage I(, stage II(, and stage III( were 94.5%, 83.9%, and 56.7%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscopy assisted radical gastrectomy is a safe and feasible procedure with better clinical efficacy for gastric cancer. With improvement in the surgical technology, the conversion rate and operation time decrease, and the number of dissected lymph nodes will increase.</p>